The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China: English Translation

This book consists of 7 parts and 1,260 articles, each part in turn being the General Provisions, Real Rights, Contracts, Personal and Personality Rights, Marriage and Family, Succession, Tort Liability, and the By-laws, which came into force on January 1, 2021. The codification of the Civil Code is a comprehensive and systematic compilation and revision of the existing civil legal norms of China, which were formulated in different periods of time. The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China is recognized as a declaration and guarantee of civil rights in China. This book is characterized by the addition of article-by-article purpose on the basis of legal articles, systematically indicating the main content of each article, so that readers can easily and clearly understand the content of the articles. Acknowledgments Table of Contents Order of the President of the People’s Republic of China THE CIVIL CODE OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Book One General Part Chapter I General Provisions Chapter II Natural Persons Section 1 Capacity to Enjoy Civil Rights and Engage in Civil Acts Section 2 Guardianship Section 3 Declaration of Missing Person and Declaration of Death Section 4 Individual Industrial and Commercial Households and Rural-Land Contractual Management Households Chapter III Legal Persons Section 1 General Rules Section 2 For-Profit Legal Persons Section 3 Non-Profit Legal Persons Section 4 Special Legal Persons Chapter IV Unincorporated Entities Chapter V Civil Rights Chapter VI Civil Juristic Acts Section 1 General Rules Section 2 Expression of Intent Section 3 Effect of Civil Juristic Acts Section 4 A Civil Juristic Act Subject to Condition or Term Chapter VII Agency Section 1 General Rules Section 2 Agency Created by Contract Section 3 Termination of Agency Chapter VIII Civil Liability Chapter IX Limitation of Actions Chapter X Calculating Time Period Book Two Real Rights Part One General Provisions Chapter I General Rules Chapter II Creation, Modification, Transfer, and Extinction of Real Rights Section 1 Registration of Immovable Property Section 2 Delivery of Movable Property Section 3 Other Rules Chapter III Protection of Real Rights Part Two Ownership Chapter IV General Rules Chapter V State Ownership, Collective Ownership and Private Ownership Chapter VI Condominium Ownership Chapter VII Neighboring Relations Chapter VIII Co-Ownership Chapter IX Special Provisions on Acquisition of Title Part Three Usufructs Chapter X General Rules Chapter XI Right to Contractual Land Management Chapter XII Right to Use of Land for Construction Chapter XIII Right to Use of Homesite Chapter XIV Right of Habitation Chapter XV Easements Part Four Security Interests Chapter XVI General Rules Chapter XVII Mortgages Section 1 General Mortgages Section 2 Revolving Mortgage Chapter XVIII Pledges Section 1 Pledge Over Movable Property Section 2 Pledge Over Rights Chapter XIX Liens Part Five Possession Chapter XX Possession Book Three Contracts Part One General Provisions Chapter I General Rules Chapter II Conclusion of Contracts Chapter III Effectiveness of Contracts Chapter IV Performance of Contracts Chapter V Preservation of Contracts Chapter VI Alteration and Assignment of Contracts Chapter VII Termination of Contractual Rights and Obligations Chapter VIII Liability for Breach of Contract Part Two Typical Contracts Chapter IX Sales Contracts Chapter X Supply and Use Contracts for Electricity, Water, Gas, and Heat Chapter XI Gift Contracts Chapter XII Loan Contracts Chapter XIII Guaranty Contracts Section 1 General Rules Section 2 Guaranty Liability Chapter XIV Lease Contracts Chapter XV Finance Lease Contracts Chapter XVI Factoring Contracts Chapter XVII Contracts for [Hired] Work Chapter XVIII Contracts for Construction Project Chapter XIX Transport Contracts Section 1 General Rules Section 2 Passenger Transport Contracts Section 3 Carriage of Goods Contracts Section 4 Multimodal Transport Contracts Chapter XX Technology Contracts Section 1 General Rules Section 2 Technology Development Contracts Section 3 Technology Transfer Contracts and Technology Licensing Contracts Section 4 Technology Consulting Contracts and Technology Services Contracts Chapter XXI Deposit Contracts Chapter XXII Warehousing Contracts Chapter XXIII Mandate Contracts Chapter XXIV Property Service Contracts Chapter XXV Commission Agency Contracts Chapter XXVI Brokerage Contracts Chapter XXVII Partnership Contracts Part Three Quasi-Contracts Chapter XXVIII Negotiorum Gestio Chapter XXIX Unjust Enrichment Book Four Personal and Personality Rights Chapter I General Rules Chapter II Right to Life, Right to Bodily Integrity, and Right to Health Chapter III Right to Name and Right to Entity Name Chapter IV Right to Likeness Chapter V Right to Reputation and Right to Honor Chapter VI Right to Privacy and Protection of Personal Information Book Five Marriage and Family Chapter I General Rules Chapter II Entry Into Matrimony Chapter III Familial Relations Section 1 Spousal Relations Section 2 Relations Between Parents and Children, and Relations Among Other Near Relatives Chapter IV Divorce Chapter V Adoption Section 1 Creation of Adoptive Relationship Section 2 Effect of Adoption Section 3 Reversal of Adoptive Relationship Book Six Succession Chapter I General Rules Chapter II Intestate Succession Chapter III Testate Succession and Testamentary Gift Chapter IV Disposition of Estate Book Seven Tort Liability Chapter I General Rules Chapter II Damages Chapter III Special Provisions on Persons Held Liable Chapter IV Product Liability Chapter V Liability for Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVAs) Chapter VI Liability for Medical Malpractice Chapter VII Liability for Environmental Pollution and Ecological Damage Chapter VIII Liability for Ultra-Hazardous Activities Chapter IX Liability for Harm Caused by Domestic Animals Chapter X Liability for Harm Caused by Buildings and Objects Supplementary Provisions Bibliography