The Chinese in Southeast Asia and beyond : socio-economic and political dimensions

The Chinese in Southeast Asia, with their growing economic clout, have been attracting attention from politicians, scholars and observers in recent decades. The rise of China as a global economic power and its profound influence over Southeast Asia has cast a spotlight on the role of Southeast Asian Chinese in the region s economic relations with China. The Southeast Asian Chinese as an economic force and their growing importance with China are, to a certain extent, determined by the nature and development of their communities. This book uses a multifaceted approach to unravel the forces that helped to transform the communities in the past. Containing 17 papers written within a span of six and a half years, from 2000 to 2006, the book focuses on the social, economic and political aspects of these communities, with special emphasis on the Chinese in Malaysia and Singapore. Contents: The Chinese in Malaysia and Singapore: Malaysian Chinese Society in Transition (1903 2003); A Century of Chinese Business in Malaysia (1904 2004); The Role of Hokkiens in the History of Malaysia and Singapore; Kinship and Organization: The History of the Gan (Yan or Yen) Clansmen in Singapore and Malaysia (1850 1993); The Development and Future of the Chinese Kinship Associations in Singapore and Malaysia; Reflections on My Study of Ethic Chinese History in Singapore and Malaysia; Sun Yat-Sen and the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya (1900 1911); Tongmenghui, Sun Yat-Sen, and the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya: A Revisit; Lim Lian Geok and His Struggle for the Chinese Education in Malaya (1949 1961); The Chinese in Southeast Asia and Beyond: Social Change in the Ethnic (Overseas) Chinese Communities: A Historical Perspective; A Preliminary Study of Chinese Capitalism in Southeast Asia (1842 1941); Confucianism and the Ethnic Chinese Business in East and Southeast Asia; The Overseas Chinese Nationalism: A Historical Study; Nanyang Chinese and the 1911 Revolution; Hakka Chinese in Southeast Asian History; Hong Kong, China, and the Overseas Chinese; Dr Sun Yat-Sen and 21st Century China. Contents......Page 6 Part I: The Chinese in Malaysia and Singapore......Page 8 Introduction......Page 10 The Forces and Directions of Change......Page 18 Chinese Society in 1903......Page 20 Chinese Society in Transition, 1904–1942......Page 21 Chinese Society Between 1942 and 1957......Page 25 Chinese Society after the Independence, 1957–1968......Page 31 The Change in the Chinese Society Between 1969 and 1990......Page 33 Chinese Society after 1990......Page 39 The Prospect......Page 41 Chinese Business before 1904......Page 44 The Change in the Patterns of Chinese Business Activities before World War II......Page 46 Chinese Business between 1945 and 1971......Page 50 Chinese Business under the New Economic Policy (NEP)......Page 57 Chinese Business after 1990s......Page 63 Summary and Conclusion......Page 68 Early Hokkien Immigrants and their Social Structure......Page 70 Economic Pursuits of Early Hokkiens and Their Contributions......Page 76 Economic Change in Malaysia and the Hokkien Entrepreneurs......Page 83 The Contributions of Hokkiens to the Education of Malaysia and Singapore......Page 90 Migration and Settlement of the Early Gan Clansmen (before 1912)......Page 100 The Growth of Gan Clansmen in Singapore and Malaya (1912–1965)......Page 104 The Founding and the Development of the Gan Clan Associations in Malaysia and Singapore (1965–1990)......Page 109 The Holding of the First and Second World Gan Clansmen Conventions in Singapore and Malaysia (1991–1993)......Page 117 Conclusion: Kinship and Organization......Page 121 The Origins of the Chinese Kinship Associations in Singapore and Malaysia......Page 124 The Structure, Functions, and Development of Early Chinese Kinship Association......Page 129 Present Conditions and Future of the Chinese Kinship Associations in Singapore and Malaysia......Page 137 The totality and organism of history......Page 144 Scientific methods for the study of the Ethnic Chinese history of Singapore and Malaysia......Page 145 History of the ruling class or history of the ruled......Page 147 The centrality of China and the periphery of Ethnic Chinese communities......Page 149 Colonial viewpoint or Ethnic Chinese viewpoint......Page 151 The issue of Overseas Chinese nationalism......Page 152 Sun’s Relationship with the Overseas Chinese......Page 156 Sun’s Perception of the Overseas Chinese’s Role in the Revolution......Page 158 The Response of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya......Page 166 Conclusion......Page 181 8. Tongmenghui, Sun Yat-sen, and the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya: A Revisit......Page 184 Singapore as the Center of Tongmenghui Activities in Southeast Asia (1906–1909)......Page 185 Penang as the Center of Tongmenghui Activities in Southeast Asia (1910–1912)......Page 191 How did the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya Respond to Tongmenghui’s and Sun Yat-sen’s Appeals......Page 201 What did Tongmenghui and Sun Yat-sen Mean to the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya......Page 209 Increased Politicization of the Chinese and the Rise of Overseas Chinese Nationalism......Page 210 Breakdown of Social Barriers and Increased Social Cohesion in the Chinese Communities in Singapore and Malaya......Page 212 The Emergence of New Ideas and the Spread of Modern Chinese Education......Page 213 Conclusion......Page 215 Lim Lian Geok: The Man and His Career......Page 218 Lim Lian Geok’s Struggle for the Chinese Education......Page 225 Lim Lian Geok and Chinese Politics in Malaysia......Page 251 The Impact of Lim Lian Geok on the Chinese Community in Malaysia......Page 259 Conclusion......Page 263 Part II: The Chinese in Southeast Asia and Beyond......Page 266 10. Social Change in the Ethnic (Overseas) Chinese Communities: A Historical Perspective......Page 268 Social Change during the Ming Qing Period......Page 272 Social Change in the Period Between the Two World Wars......Page 275 The emergence of Ethnic Chinese industry and the rise of Ethnic Chinese capitalists......Page 276 Economic volatility......Page 277 The struggle between the Left and the Right in the Ethnic Chinese communities......Page 278 The development of Ethnic Chinese (Overseas Chinese) nationalism......Page 279 The development of education and culture......Page 280 The spread of new ideas......Page 281 Rapid Social Change during the Post-World War II Era......Page 283 The relationship between Ethnic Chinese and China was weakened......Page 284 Lifting the political consciousness among Ethnic Chinese......Page 285 Development of Ethnic Chinese local identity......Page 286 The trend toward localization of Ethnic Chinese education and culture......Page 287 The Future Trends......Page 288 The Nature of Chinese Capitalism......Page 292 Accumulation of the Chinese Capital......Page 297 The Chinese capitalists......Page 300 Chinese Capitalist Institutions......Page 313 The Development of Chinese Capitalism......Page 322 Summary and Conclusion......Page 326 The Rise of Ethnic Chinese Economic Power in East and Southeast Asia......Page 328 Confucianism and the East and Southeast Asian Economic Miracle......Page 329 The Nature of Ethnic Chinese Business in East and Southeast Asia......Page 332 Confucianism and the Business Ideology of the Ethnic Chinese......Page 335 Impact of Confucianism on Ethnic Chinese Business Management......Page 338 Introduction......Page 344 The Origins of the Overseas Chinese Nationalism......Page 346 Development of the Overseas Chinese Nationalism......Page 348 Decline of the Overseas Chinese Nationalism......Page 362 Conclusion......Page 366 Causes of the Revolution......Page 368 The Problem of the Main Stream......Page 370 The Role of Dr Sun Yat-sen......Page 373 The Role of the Overseas Chinese......Page 374 Response of the Nanyang Chinese to the Revolution......Page 376 Nanyang Chinese Communities as the Center of Revolutionary Activities Between 1908 and 1911......Page 381 Nanyang Chinese Communities Became a Rendezvous for Revolutionary Refugees......Page 382 Nanyang Chinese’s Financial Contributions......Page 383 15. Hakka Chinese in Southeast Asian History......Page 386 Hakka Chinese Settlement Patterns and Their Economic Pursuits......Page 387 Hakka Chinese Social Organizations......Page 391 Hakka Chinese and Overseas Chinese Entrepreneurship......Page 398 The Past......Page 404 The Present......Page 409 The Future......Page 414 International environment and China’s position in the world in the 19th and early 20th centuries......Page 418 Dr Sun Yat-sen and Chinese consciousness......Page 419 Dr Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary deeds......Page 422 The unfinished revolution......Page 424 Rich and powerful China......Page 425 A democratic China......Page 426 International situation and China’s position in the 21st century......Page 428 United to strengthen China and Chinese race......Page 430 Dr Sun Yat-sen and China’s “Open Door” policy......Page 431 Dr Sun Yat-sen and the future of China......Page 434 Conclusion......Page 435 Index......Page 438 The Southeast Asian Chinese As An Economic Force And Their Growing Importance With China Are, To A Certain Extent, Determined By The Nature And Development Of Their Communities. This Book Uses A Multifaceted Approach To Unravel The Forces That Helped To Transform The Communities In The Past, Containing 17 Papers Written Within A Span Of Six And A Half Years, From 2000 To 2006, The Book Focuses On The Social, Economic And Political Aspects Of These Communities, With Special Emphasis On The Chinese In Malaysia And Singapore.--jacket. Pt. 1: The Chinese In Malaysia And Singapore ; Introduction ; Malaysian Chinese Society In Transition (1903-2003) ; A Century Of Chinese Business In Malaysia (1904-2004) ; The Roles Of Hokkiens In The History Of Malaysia And Singapore ; Kinship And Organization: The History Of The Gan (yan Or Yen) Clansmen In Singapore And Malaysia (1850-1993) ; The Development And Future Of The Chinese Kinship Associations In Singapore And Malaysia ; Reflections On My Study Of Ethic Chinese History In Singapore And Malaysia ; Sun Yat-sen And The Chinese In Singapore And Malaya (1900-1911) ; Tongmenghui, Sun Yat-sen, And The Chinese In Singapore And Malaya: A Revisit ; Lim Lian Geok And His Struggle For The Chinese Education In Malaya (1949-1961) -- Pt. 2: The Chinese In Southeast Asia And Beyond ; Social Change In The Ethnic (overseas) Chinese Communities: A Historical Perspective ; A Preliminary Study Of Chinese Capitalism In Southeast Asia (1842-1941) ; Confuicianism And The Ethnic Chinese Business In East And Southeast Asia ; The Overseas Chinese Nationalism: A Historical Study ; Nanyang Chinese And The 1911 Revolution ; Hakka Chinese In Southeast Asian History ; Hong Kong, China, And The Overseas Chinese ; Dr Sun Yat-sen And 21st Century China. By Yen Ching-hwang. Includes Index. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Yen (U. of Adelaide) presents 17 papers, most appearing in English for the first time, and some based on lectures and speeches at international conferences in Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and China from 2000 to 1006. Focusing mostly on the Chinese communities in Malaysia and Singapore, she discusses not only the current situation, but also its history since the middle 19th century. Annotation 2008 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)