The Chemistry And Biology Of Beta-lactams

This new volume provides the most updated information about beta-lactams relating to both the pharmaceutical industry and synthetic chemistry. It provides the antibiotic activities as well as chemical reactivities of beta-lactams, which are important because they are commonly applied as antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections. The volume provides comprehensive coverage of most of the known beta-lactam antibiotics with both structural and biological information, antibiotic mechanisms, self-defense mechanisms of bacteria, nearly all known synthetic methods for the preparation of beta-lactams, and possible reactions in which beta-lactams can participate. Key features: Provides the most comprehensive collection of beta-lactam antibiotics (up to 269 molecules) with chemical structures, CAS number, IUPAC names and associated biological activities attached. Offers a comprehensive and detailed collection of beta-lactamase databases. Explains the self-defense mechanisms of bacteria for surviving, including the formation of biofilm and conversion into L-form and secretion of beta-lactamase to deactivate the beta-lactam antibiotics. Provides a comprehensive survey on the synthetic methods to make beta-lactams. Gives all of the possible reactions involving beta-lactams as the starting materials. Surveys over 1000 research works and includes all available DOI information. The volume is a valuable resource on the antibiotic activities as well as chemical reactivities of beta-lactams for researchers and scientists, faculty, and advanced students, as well as for industry professionals working in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry, organic chemistry, organic synthesis, heterocycles, proteins and peptides. "This new volume, The Chemistry and Biology of Beta-Lactams, provides the most updated information about beta-lactams relating to both the pharmaceutical industry and synthetic chemistry. It provides valuable information regarding antibiotic activities as well as chemical reactivities of beta-lactams, which are important because they are commonly applied as antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections. Presenting the most up-to-date literature information on beta-lactams, the volume provides comprehensive coverage of most of the known beta-lactam antibiotics with both structural and biological information, antibiotic mechanisms, self-defense mechanisms of bacteria, nearly all known synthetic methods for the preparation of beta-lactams, and possible reactions in which beta-lactams can participate. Key features: • Provides the most comprehensive collection of beta-lactam antibiotics (up to 269 molecules) with chemical structures, CAS number, IUPAC names and associated biological activities • Offers a comprehensive collection of beta-lactamase databases, where the features of each database have been described • Explains the self-defense mechanisms of bacteria for surviving, including the formation of biofilm and conversion into L-form, as well as secretion of beta-lactamase to deactivate the beta-lactam antibiotics • Provides a comprehensive survey on the synthetic methods to make beta-lactams • Gives all of the possible reactions involving beta-lactams as the starting materials • Surveys over 1000 research works and includes all available DOI information The important information provided here will be a valuable resource on the antibiotic activities as well as chemical reactivities of beta-lactams for researchers and scientists, faculty, and advanced students, as well as for industry professionals working in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry, organic chemistry, organic synthesis, heterocycles, proteins and peptides."-- Provided by publisher Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page About the Author Table of Contents Abbreviations Acknowledgments Preface 1. β-Lactams and Antibiotics 1.1 Brief Introduction 1.2 Penicillin Antibiotics 1.3 Cephalosporin Antibiotics 1.4 Carbapenem Antibiotics 1.5 Monobactam Antibiotics 1.6 Clavam Antibiotics 1.7 Miscellaneous β-Lactam Antibiotics Keywords References 2. Antimicrobial Activity of β-Lactams and Bacterial Resistance 2.1 Brief Introduction of Bacteria 2.2 Nomenclature and Classification of Bacteria 2.3 Antibacterial Mechanism 2.4 Resistance of Antibacterial Activity 2.5 Mechanisms for Antibiotics Resistance 2.6 β-Lactamases Databases 2.7 Other Biological Activities of β-Lactams Keywords References 3. Synthetic Methods of β-Lactams 3.1 Brief Introduction 3.2 Formation of β-Lactams Through Cycloadditions 3.3 Intramolecular Substitutive Cyclization 3.4 Enzymatic Synthesis of β-Lactams 3.5 Miscellaneous Methods Keywords References 4. Reactions of β-Lactams 4.1 Brief Introduction 4.2 Cleavage of the Amide Bond of β-Lactams 4.3 Preparation of Polyamides 4.4 Application in the Synthesis of Unnatural α-Amino Acid Derivatives and Relating Peptides 4.5 Nucleophilic Substitution on C3 or C4 4.6 Cleavage of C3-C4 Bond 4.7 Cleavage of N1-C4 Bond 4.8 Function at N1 Keywords References Index