The Changing Postwar International Legal Regime:The Role Played by Japan (International Law in Japanese Perspective, V. 8) (International Law in Japanese Perspective, V. 8)

In view of the practices of the Second World War, international society could no longer be under the principles of traditional international law. The United Nations was conceived to preserve peace through the execution of "no use of force". To meet the reality of wartime collaboration in each region, it adopted self-defense as the basis for individual action. The postwar international legal order has been realized through self-defense as an intermediate function between the individual and collective, as provided under article 51 of the UN Charter. Japan recovered her independence by concluding a Security Treaty with the United States based on the right of self-defense. Even after the conclusion of the Cold War, they have chosen to strengthen the Treaty rather than give effect to Japan's "Peace Constitution". Other states are also caught up in the same current, taking actions not precluded by the UN Charter. Whatever regime should follow the present one, it will draw more on the humanity principle based on "freedom of conscience". This work should be read by anyone interested in the development of international law and its influence on international relations Contents......Page 6 Foreword......Page 8 Introduction......Page 10 (1) International law originating in a system of freedom of conscience......Page 14 (2) International law developing into a general order......Page 16 (3) International law rehabilitated in the postwar order......Page 20 (1) International society transformed into multiple civilized societies......Page 25 (2) An international order balancing world government and sovereign equality......Page 34 (1) Invalidation of the traditional order through the practice of counter-aggression......Page 37 (2) Survival of jus ad bellum in the practices around the time of the Second World War......Page 43 (3) Invalidation of jus in bello in favor of enforcement......Page 45 (4) Humanity as the higher norm of international society......Page 48 (1) The concept of a general order after the invalidation of international law......Page 50 (2) Practical compliance with social realities becoming a positive order in international society......Page 53 (3) Regional amendments becoming a positive order in international society......Page 57 (4) The United Nations as a system inclusive of "enemy matters"......Page 59 (1) Self-defense under the principle of no use of force......Page 63 (2) The intermediate function of self-defense between individual and public acts......Page 69 (3) The positive conditions of self-defense......Page 73 (1) Enforcement in succession to self-defense......Page 80 (2) Peacekeeping practiced as self-defense......Page 84 (1) General principles yielding to regional realities......Page 89 (2) Collective self-defense distinguished from individual self-defense......Page 94 (3) Practice and development......Page 96 (1) A collective system involving a decline in humanitarian principles......Page 101 (2) Self-defense as a modification of ideological characteristics......Page 107 1. "Enemy" status resulting from the invalidation of traditional international law......Page 109 (1) The Constitution of Japan 1946 in the postwar international regime......Page 116 (2) A US-Japan Security Treaty concluded outside the Constitution......Page 126 (1) A US-Japan Security Treaty unprejudiced by the UN Charter......Page 141 (2) Constitutional pacifism undermined by US-Japanese cooperation......Page 147 (1) The international regime into which Japan was taken after peace......Page 151 (2) Regional regimes to be taken into the future general regime......Page 156 5. Concluding remarks......Page 162 Select Bibliography......Page 164 Appendix......Page 169 C......Page 194 G......Page 195 M......Page 196 S......Page 197 W......Page 198 Z......Page 199 In view of the practices of World War II, international society could no longer be under the principles of traditional international law. This work provides a comprehensive treatment of the development of international law and its influence on international relations. "This work should be read by anyone interested in the development of international law and its influence on international relations."--BOOK JACKET.