The Causes of Exclusion : Home, School and the Development of Young Criminals

This report synthesizes two approaches to a topical problem: the concern with social deviancy and crime which focuses on failure; and research on educational development which focuses on success. The book explores how environmental experiences (including parenting and bullying) play a role. Book Cover......Page 1 Half-Title......Page 2 Title......Page 3 Dedication......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 10 Introduction......Page 12 Definitions of crime......Page 13 Communities of crime and poverty......Page 15 Studies of criminality......Page 17 Causes of criminality......Page 21 Patterns of intervention......Page 22 Changes in society and their influence......Page 24 Relationships and communities......Page 26 References......Page 28 Introduction......Page 32 Research and policy......Page 34 Listening to experience: semi-structured interviews......Page 36 The presentation of the data......Page 39 References......Page 40 Introduction......Page 42 Types of dysfunctional families......Page 43 Instability in the home......Page 47 The effects of isolation......Page 49 Closely observed parents......Page 52 Violence and its effects......Page 54 References......Page 58 Introduction......Page 60 Attitudes to school......Page 61 Parents, schools and truancy......Page 64 Parental responsibility and schools......Page 66 Truancy and the social services......Page 68 References......Page 71 Introduction......Page 74 The informal aspects of school......Page 75 The culture of disruption......Page 78 The pervasiveness of bullying......Page 79 Bullies and victims......Page 85 Bullying and criminality......Page 87 Bullies, gangs and competition......Page 90 Boredom with school......Page 92 Reactions to the demands of school......Page 95 References......Page 100 Introduction......Page 104 Reactions to teachers......Page 105 The development of disengagement from school......Page 110 The imposition of discipline......Page 112 Truancy and exclusion......Page 115 The point of no return......Page 119 Alienation from school......Page 122 References......Page 125 Introduction......Page 128 Escaping the demands of school......Page 130 Types of conformity......Page 132 The attractions of esteem......Page 136 The society of gangs......Page 138 References......Page 145 Introduction......Page 148 Alternative definitions of social norms......Page 150 Regrets about the past......Page 153 The overlapping worlds of work and crime......Page 155 Visions of normality......Page 158 The realities of everyday experience......Page 161 References......Page 164 Introduction......Page 166 The perils of indifference......Page 168 Physical and psychological neglect......Page 172 The role of dialogue......Page 175 Violent emotions and violent acts......Page 180 The effects of inadequate parenting......Page 184 References......Page 186 Introduction......Page 190 The loss of self-control......Page 191 Reactions to provocation......Page 193 Knowing their limitations......Page 196 The loss of self-esteem......Page 199 References......Page 202 Introduction......Page 204 Children’s analysis of parental limitations......Page 205 The perpetuation of parental limitation......Page 208 The breakdown of relationships and their consequences......Page 214 References......Page 216 Conclusion......Page 218 References......Page 224 INDEX......Page 228

This major report synthesizes two approaches to a topical problem: the concern with social deviancy and crime that focuses on failure, and research on educational development that focuses on success. The author explores the central issues of parenting styles, schooling, bullying, truancy, and peer pressure, and environmental experiences, and why these issues turn some people to crime.Based on original research, the book s academic validity is balanced by its readability, real life examples, and relevant and interesting evidence. Using case studies and empirical data, the book looks at the topic through a series of phases:
- The circumstances of home life
- Parental attitudes to school
- Experiences from school
- Teaching and exclusion
- Peer groups, personality and self awareness
- The excluded parents themselves

"The topical and disturbing problem of the causes of social exclusion in young people is brought vividly to life in this book. Exploring the central issues of parenting styles, schooling, bullying, truancy and peer pressure, the book explores how environmental experiences play an important part in why some people turn to crime." "This revealing book shows how all the evidence leads in one direction but, as Professor Cullingford concludes, the pattern that emerges and looks inevitable is, in fact, preventable. Of vital importance to anyone working with young people, the book shows not just the cause and effect of social exclusion but suggests ways to break the vicious circle that perpetuates the problem."--Jacket