The Cambridge history of science / Volume 8, Modern science in national, transnational, and global context / edited by Hugh Richard Slotten, Ronald L. Numbers, David N. Livingstone

"This volume in the highly respected Cambridge History of Science series is devoted to exploring the history of modern science using national, transnational, and global frames of reference. Organized by topic and culture, its essays by distinguished scholars offer the most comprehensive and up-to-date nondisciplinary history of modern science currently available. Essays are grouped together in separate sections that represent larger regions: Europe, Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, East and Southeast Asia, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Oceania, and Latin America. Each of these regional groupings ends with a separate essay reflecting on the analysis in the preceding chapters. Intended to provide a balanced and inclusive treatment of the modern world, contributors analyze the history of science not only in local, national, and regional contexts but also with respect to the circulation of knowledge, tools, methods, people, and artifacts across national borders." -- Provided by publisher 9780521580816.jpg 1 04.0_pp_iv_iv_Copyright_page 2 05.0_pp_v_xiii_Contents 6 06.0_pp_xiv_xxiv_Notes_on_Contributors 15 07.0_pp_xxv_xxviii_General_Editors_Preface 26 08.0_pp_1_6_Introduction 30 09.0_pp_7_148_Transnational_International_and_Global 36 09.1_pp_9_31_Science_and_Imperialism_since_1870 38 09.2_pp_32_42_The_Geomagnetic_Project_Internationalism_in_Science_between_the_French_Revolution_and_the_Franco-Pru 61 09.3_pp_43_59_International_Science_from_the_Franco-Prussian_War_to_World_War_Two_An_Era_of_Organization 72 09.4_pp_60_74_Internationalism_in_Science_After_1940 89 09.5_pp_75_89_International_Science_in_Antarctica 104 09.6_pp_90_107_Missionary_Science 119 09.7_pp_108_123_Museums_of_Natural_History_and_Science 137 09.8_pp_124_136_National_Scientific_Surveys 153 09.9_pp_137_148_Expeditionary_Science 166 10.1_pp_149_420_Europe 178 10.1.1_pp_151_191_United_Kingdom 180 10.1.2_pp_192_216_France_During_the_Long_Nineteenth_Century 221 10.1.3_pp_217_232_France_Post-1914 246 10.1.4_pp_233_277_Germany 262 10.1.5_pp_278_304_Russia_and_the_Former_USSR 307 10.1.6_pp_305_324_Low_Countries 334 10.1.7_pp_325_344_Scandinavia 354 10.1.8_pp_345_360_Italy 374 10.1.9_pp_361_375_Spain 390 10.1.10_pp_376_389_Greece 405 10.1.11_pp_390_401_Portugal 419 10.1.12_pp_402_420_Europe_A_Commentary 431 10.2_pp_421_518_Africa_the_Middle_East_and_South_Asia 450 10.2.1_pp_423_454_Middle_East 452 10.2.2_pp_455_475_India 484 10.2.3_pp_476_494_Maghreb_of_North_Africa 505 10.2.4_pp_495_509_Sub-Saharan_Africa 524 10.2.5_pp_510_518_Africa_the_Middle_East_and_South_Asia_A_Commentary 539 10.3_pp_519_638_East_and_Southeast_Asia 548 10.3.1_pp_521_554_China 550 10.3.2_pp_555_576_Japan 584 10.3.3_pp_577_592_Korea 606 10.3.4_pp_593_608_Indochina 622 10.3.5_pp_609_625_Philippines 638 10.3.6_pp_626_638_East_and_Southeast_Asia_A_Commentary 655 10.4_pp_639_760_United_States_Canada_Australia_New_Zealand_and_Oceania 668 10.4.1_pp_641_711_United_States 670 10.4.2_pp_712_735_Australia_New_Zealand_and_Oceania 741 10.4.3_pp_736_751_Canada 765 10.4.4_pp_752_760_United_States_Canada_Australia_New_Zealand_and_Oceania_A_Commentary 781 10.5_pp_761_762_Latin_America 790 10.5.1_pp_763_781_Spanish_South_America 792 10.5.2_pp_782_798_Greater_Caribbean_Mexico_Central_America_and_the_West_Indies 811 10.5.3_pp_799_809_Brazil 828 10.5.4_pp_810_822_Latin_America_A_Commentary 839 11.0_pp_823_844_Index 852 Publisher's description: This volume offers to general and specialist readers alike the fullest and most complete survey of the development of science in the eighteenth century, exploring the implications of the 'scientific revolution' of the previous century and the major new growth-points, particularly in the experimental sciences. It is designed to be read as both a narrative and an interpretation, and also used as a work of reference. While prime attention is paid to western science, space is also given to science in traditional cultures and colonial science. The coverage strikes a balance between analysis of the cognitive dimension of science itself and interpretation of its wider social, economic and cultural significance. The contributors, world leaders in their respective specialities, engage with current historiographical and methodological controversies and strike out on positions of their own