The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Disorders (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology)

Cover Half-title Title page Copyright information Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Contributors Preface Part I Etiology 1 Neuroimaging in Personality Disorders Schizotypal Personality Disorder Structural Neuroimaging Functional Neuroimaging Conclusions for Neuroimaging Studies in SPD Borderline Personality Disorder Structural Neuroimaging Functional Neuroimaging Conclusions for Neuroimaging Studies in BPD Antisocial Personality Disorder Structural Neuroimaging Functional Neuroimaging Conclusions for Neuroimaging Studies in ASPD Overall Summary and Future Directions Acknowledgment References 1a A Clinically Relevant Neuroscience for Personality Disorders: Commentary on Neuroimaging in Personality Disorders Can Studies of Structural Morphology Be Clinically Relevant? Network Approaches to Functional Neuroimaging New Nosology, New Neuroscience? Conclusion References 1b Methodological Advancements Needed in Neuroimaging Research on Personality Disorders: Commentary on Neuroimaging in Personality Disorders Summary References 1c Illustrating the Value of Neuroimaging Studies Using the Example of Affect Regulation: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Neuroimaging in Personality Disorders References 2 Issues and New Directions in Personality Disorder Genetics What Is the Purpose of Genetics Research? The Problem of Grand Theories The Problem of Measurement The Future: Back to the Phenotype The Problem of Behavioral Genetic Methods The Problem of Not Seeing the Forest Through the Trees Conclusion References 2a Four Key Areas for Further Investigation: Commentary on Issues and New Directions in Personality Disorder Genetics The Need to Harness Advances in Psychopathology Structure and Personality Dynamics The Need to Harness Advances in Modeling and Measurement of the Environment The Need for Larger Samples The Need for Treatment Targets Ethical Issues References 2b Highlighting the Value of Dimensional Conceptualizations and Environmental Influences: Commentary on Issues and New Directions in Personality Disorder Genetics Personality Disorder: What Is the Phenotype? Genetic Methods to Understand Environmental Influences Summary References 2c Questioning Current Directions in Personality Disorder Genetics: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Issues and New Directions in Personality Disorder Genetics References 3 Environmental and Sociocultural Influences on Personality Disorders How Much Do Environmental and Sociocultural Factors Contribute to Personality Disorders? Behavioral Genetic Studies Cross-National and Demographic Comparisons When and How Do Environmental and Sociocultural Factors Contribute to Personality Disorders? Environmental Theories of PDs Sociocultural Theories of PDs What Types of Sociocultural or Environmental Influences Increase Risk for Personality Disorders? Where to From Here? Conclusions, Implications, and Future Directions Summary and Conclusions Implications for Practice Future Directions References 3a Evidence for Caregiver Factors Proposed by Attachment and Biosocial Theories in the Development of Personality Disorders: Commentary on Environmental and Sociocultural Influences on Personality Disorders Ecological Systems Theory The Role of Representational Models Linking Early Caregiving to the Development of PDs The Role of Biology Linking Early Caregiving to the Development of PDs Implications for Interventions References 3b Towards a Family Process Perspective on Typical and Maladaptive Personality Characteristics: Commentary on Environmental and Sociocultural Influences on Personality Disorders Defensive Mechanisms as Mediators of Early Family Adversity Approach Mechanisms as Mediators of Early Family Adversity Sources of Heterogeneity in Family Risk Conclusion References 3c Moving Contextual Personality Research Forward: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Environmental and Sociocultural Influences on Personality Disorders Understanding the Importance of Early Environments Testing Interactive and Transactional Models Expanding the Use of Dimensional Models of Personality Pathology References 4 Personality Pathology in Youth Introduction Phenomenology, Assessment, and Construct Validity Personality Pathology in Youth from a Categorical Perspective Studies Using Interview-Based Measures Studies Using Self-Report Measures Informant Discrepancies Comorbidity Summary: Construct Validity Personality Pathology in Youth from a Trait Perspective The Developmental Course of Youth Personality Pathology Prevalence Etiology of Youth Personality Pathology Reconciling Categorical and Dimensional Approaches of Youth Personality Pathology: Shared Perspectives on the Sensitive Period of Adolescence Early Intervention, Treatment, and Prevention Summary and Conclusion References 4a Toward the Integration of Developmental Psychopathology and Personality Pathology Perspectives: Commentary on Personality Pathology in Youth References 4b A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on the Emergence of Antisocial and Borderline Personality Pathologies across the Lifespan: Commentary on Personality Pathology in Youth The Inordinate Complexity of Psychopathology Multifinality in Personality Disorders Compromised Neuromaturation of Frontal Brain Regions References 4c Bridging Diverging Perspectives: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Personality Pathology in Youth References Part II Models 5 Controversies in the Classification and Diagnosis of Personality Disorders How Personality Disorders Ended Up with Three Different Diagnostic Systems The DSM Categorical System Dimensional Systems Personality Disorders in DSM-5 The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) System Diagnosing Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosing Antisocial PD and Psychopathy PDs, Personality, and Normality What Is Needed to Create a Valid Diagnostic System for PDs? Conclusions References 5a Three Unresolved Conceptual Issues in Personality Disorders: Commentary on Controversies in the Classification and Diagnosis of Personality Disorders Personality Traits versus Personality Disorders Basic Tendencies versus Characteristic Adaptations Network Models Concluding Thoughts References 5b Classification of Complex Disorders Is a Challenge Solved by Simplicity: Commentary on Controversies in the Classification and Diagnosis of Personality Disorders Who Is a Classification For? Should a Classification in Psychiatry Be Based on Clinical Utility or Science? Is One of the Main Purposes of a Good Clinical Classification to Help in Making Clinical Decisions? Is the Long-Running Argument about Categorical and Dimensional Classification of Personality Disorder a Dead Issue? Advantages of the ICD-11 Classification of Personality Disorder References 5c Final Thoughts: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Controversies in the Classification and Diagnosis of Personality Disorders References 6 Categorical Models of Personality Disorders History of the Concept Categorical Approach in DSM Disorder-Specific Concepts Dependence Interpersonal Distancing Complexities of Individual Disorders Functional Impairment and the Categorical Model Construct Validity of the Personality Disorders Predictive Utility of Categorical Models Clinical Utility of a Categorical Model of Personality Disorders Communication with the Patient Communication with Other Professionals Comprehensiveness Descriptiveness Ease of Use Treatment Planning Utility Limitations of the Categorical Model Excessive Diagnostic Co-Occurrence Phenomenological Heterogeneity within the Same Diagnostic Category Arbitrary Diagnostic Boundaries Inadequate Coverage Discussion References 6a Good Taxonomy Can Address Classification Challenges in Personality Pathology by Providing Informative Priors That Balance Information Compression and Fidelity: Commentary on Categorical Models of Personality Disorders Introduction How Are Clinical Psychologists Like Digital Photographers? Information Overload and the Need to Compress Judging Taxonomies of Personality Pathology: How Do We Move Forward? The Goal of Taxonomy Is to Provide Informative Priors References 6b A Hierarchical, Dimensional Approach Can Advance Personality Disorder Research: Commentary on Categorical Models of Personality Disorders Sketching the HiTOP Model HiTOP as a Research Framework for Personality Problems Summary and Conclusion References 6c The Search for Clinically Meaningful Dimensions Requires a Clinical Theory: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Categorical Models of Personality Disorders References 7 The Five-Factor Model of Personality Disorders The Five-Factor Model of Personality: An Introduction Describing PDs as Configurations of General Traits: Expert Ratings FFM PD Meta-Analyses Prototype Matching for FFM PDs Validity of the FFM PD Scores: Convergent Validity Discriminant Validity/Comorbidity Criterion Validity: Convergence of Empirical Networks Sex Differences Clinical Utility FFM PD Scales Characterization of PDs as Collections of Pathological Traits: DSM-5 Section III Connection to the FFM Expert Ratings of the DSM-5 Section III Traits Associated with DSM-IV/5 PDs Validity of the DSM-5 Trait PD Counts: Convergent Validity Discriminant Validity/Comorbidity Criterion Validity: Convergence of Empirical Networks Sex Differences Clinical Utility Conclusions References 7a Personality Disorders are Disorders of Personality: Commentary on the Five-Factor Model of Personality Disorders Personality Pathology: Disentangling Description from Dysfunction Personality Pathology: Coverage Challenges References 7b Assessment and Operationalization of Personality Disorders from a Five-Factor Model Perspective: Commentary on the Five-Factor Model of Personality Disorders What Level of Abstraction Is Necessary? Are Trait Models Ready for Use in Clinical Assessment? What Constitutes the Presence of a Maladaptive Trait? Is There an Assessment Device Already Available? Conclusions References 7c Challenges but Optimism Regarding the Adoption of Trait Models of Personality Disorders: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on the Five-Factor Model of Personality Disorders Drs. De Fruyt and De Clercq Dr. Sellbom Conclusions References 8 Interpersonal Models of Personality Pathology The Interpersonal Paradigm Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal Theory The Interpersonal Circle Interpersonal Assessment Instruments Personality Disorder Research Using Static IPC Instruments Interpersonal Pathoplasticity IPC Profile at the Individual Level Personality Disorder Research Using Temporally-Dynamic IPC Instruments Context Matters: Examining a Fifth Interpersonal Assumption of CIIT Temporally-Dynamic IPC at the Individual Level Interpersonal Models and Personality Disorder Treatment Psychodynamic Cognitive Behavioral Conclusion References 8a Interpersonal Nuance in Context: Commentary on Interpersonal Models of Personality Pathology Interpersonal Styles Don't Need to Be Unique to Particular PD Categories to Be Informative for Treatment Important Specificity May Reside in Relationship Context, Instead of (or in Addition to) the Interpersonal Profile What Is the Goal of Therapy Informed by Interpersonal Styles? Changes in Relationship Quality/Satisfaction, ''Normalization'' of Interpersonal Styles, or Something Else? Summary References 8b Contextual Dynamics in the Interpersonal Theory of Personality and Personality Disorder: Commentary on Interpersonal Models of Personality Pathology References 8c Expanding on Interpersonal Models of Personality Pathology: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Interpersonal Models of Personality Pathology References Part III Individual Disorders and Clusters 9 Cluster A Personality Disorders Cluster A Disorders and the Schizophrenia-Spectrum Schizotypal PD (SPD) and Schizotypy SPD and Relation to Schizophrenia Premorbid and Prodromal Phases SPD Heterogeneity SPD Negative Symptom Coverage Schizoid PD and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Paranoid PD Symptoms and Factor Structure Cluster A Disorders and Relation to Normal Personality Prevalence of Cluster A Disorders SPD and Cognitive and Neural Deficits Cluster A PDs and Functional Impairment SPD Positive Symptoms and SZ Genetic Risk SPD Disorganized Symptoms: Observational Rating Versus Self-Report SPD and Striatal Dopamine SPD and Cognitive Biases SPD and Trauma Positive Schizotypal Symptoms and Openness to Experience SPD Treatment Conclusions References 9a Conceptual and Methodological Reflections on Schizotypy, Schizotypic Psychopathology, Cluster A Disorders, and Schizophrenia: Commentary on Cluster A Personality Disorders Brief Background and Orienting Comments Reflections and Substantive Considerations Schizotypy and Schizotypal Personality Disorder Are Not Fungible Terms Multidimensionality and Schizotypic Indicators Prodromal Schizophrenia and the Low Conversion Rate Problem Schizotypy, SPD, and Normal Personality Parsimony in Language Hedonic Capacity in Schizotypy, SPD, and Schizophrenia Genetic Influences on SPD Features Summary References 9b Improved Operationalization and Measurement Are Central to the Future of Cluster A Personality Disorders: Commentary on Cluster A Personality Disorders Viability of Alternative Systems for Operationalizing and Measuring Cluster A Disorders Utility of Operationalizing Cluster A Disorders within a Schizophrenia-Spectrum Defining and Measuring Cluster A Disorders Using Objective Technologies Summary References 9c Cluster A Heterogeneity: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Cluster A Personality Disorders References 10 Borderline Personality Disorder Introduction The Prevalence and Impact of Borderline Personality Disorder A Brief History of Borderline Personality Disorder Current Criteria and Conceptualizations of Borderline Personality Disorder Course and Recovery from BPD Etiological Factors Genetic Factors Adverse Environments Neurobiological Factors Evidence-Based Treatment Comprehensive Treatments Dialectical Behavior Therapy Mentalization-Based Treatment Transference-Focused Psychotherapy Non-Comprehensive or Ancillary Approaches Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) Emotion Regulation Group Therapy Generalist Approaches Medications Common Ground among Evidence-Based Psychosocial Approaches Predictors of Outcome and Mechanisms of Change Conclusions and Future Directions References 10a Further Reflections on Assessment, Etiology, and Treatment: Commentary on Borderline Personality Disorder Assessment of BPD Etiology of BPD Future Directions in Treatment Development Need for Psychosocial Rehabilitation Improving Interpersonal Relatedness Developing Personalized Interventions References 10b Integrating Neuroscience and Psychotherapy: Commentary on Borderline Personality Disorder References 10c The Promise of Applying a Developmental Psychopathology Framework to the Etiology and Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Borderline Personality Disorder Clarifying the BPD Construct and Etiological Pathways A Developmental Psychopathology Framework for Understanding BPD The Development of Neurobiological Characteristics of BPD Conclusions References 11 An Integrative Biobehavioral Trait Perspective on Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy Historic Descriptions of ASPD and Psychopathy Current Definitions of ASPD and Psychopathy ASPD: DSM-5 Definitions Psychopathy: Interview- and Questionnaire-Based Measures Dimensional Approaches to Diagnosis Triarchic Model Disinhibition Meanness Boldness Connections to Biobehavioral Systems and Processes Inhibitory Control Empathic Sensitivity Defensive Reactivity Future Directions Psychoneurometric Measurement Models Clinical Implications References 11a What Do We Talk about When We Talk about Psychopathy? Commentary on an Integrative Biobehavioral Trait Perspective on Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy References 11b Issues of Emphasis in the Triarchic Psychopathy Model: Commentary on an Integrative Biobehavioral Trait Perspective on Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy The (Over)Importance of Boldness (and Fearless Dominance) The (Under)Importance of Antisocial Behavior The (Under)Importance of Meanness (Antagonism) References 11c An Agreeable Response to Questions and Criticisms: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on an Integrative Biobehavioral Trait Perspective on Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy Mysteries Still to be Solved: Response to Marcus and Nagel Considering the Bases for Repetitive, Insistent Criticisms: An Empathic Response to Lynam's Critique References 12 Narcissistic and Histrionic Personality Disorders Narcissistic Personality Pathology Categorical NPD (DSM-5 Section II) Prevalence Stability Comorbidity DSM-5 Section II NPD Research Hybrid Dimensional/Categorical NPD (DSM-5 Section III AMPD) NPD in the DSM-5 AMPD Dimensional Approaches to Pathological Narcissism Narcissistic Grandiosity and Vulnerability Model Research on Grandiosity and Vulnerability NPD and the Five-Factor Model Histrionic Personality Pathology Categorical HPD (DSM-5 Section II) Prevalence Stability Comorbidity HPD Research Hybrid Dimensional/Categorical HPD (DSM-5 Section III AMPD) Dimensional Approaches to Histrionism HPD and the Five-Factor Model Future Directions for NPD and HPD References 12a A Call for Scientific Caution: Commentary on Narcissistic and Histrionic Personality Disorders NPD is Not a Narrow Construct Differing Conceptualizations of NPD Locating and Sampling NPD Conclusion References 12b Beyond Nucleus Diagnostic Conceptualizations: Commentary on Narcissistic and Histrionic Personality Disorders Aggression and Violence Fear and Trauma Suicide Conclusion References 12c Clinical Personality Science of Narcissism Should Include the Clinic: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Narcissistic and Histrionic Personality Disorders Clinical Complexity of Narcissism Quit Making Calls and Join the Field of Contemporary Clinical Personality Science References 13 Cluster C Anxious-Fearful Personality Pathology and Avoidance Introduction In Search of the Core: History of Anxious-Fearful and Avoidant Pathology DSM-5 Section II Cluster C Categories Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD) Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) Passive Aggressive Personality Disorder (PAPD) (Negativistic Personality Disorder) DSM-5 Section III Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) Avoidance Behaviors: Maladaptive Coping Comorbidity with Clinical Disorders AVPD and OCPD Clinical Disorders Comorbidity Pathoplasticity Biological Mechanisms Example: Using the NIMH RDoC to Research Anxious-Fearful-Avoidant Pathology Concluding Thoughts References 13a Epidemiological, Factor-Analytic, and Cognitive Factors in the Position of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder among the Cluster C Personality Disorders: Commentary on Cluster C Anxious-Fearful Personality Pathology and Avoidance Epidemiology: The Strange Position of OCPD Compared to Other PDs Factor-Analytic Evidence for the DSM Cluster Structure of PDs Cognitive Processes and Structures Conclusions References 13b Examining Cluster C Personality Pathology Using an Interpersonal Lens: Commentary on Cluster C Anxious-Fearful Personality Pathology and Avoidance References 13c Processes, Mechanisms, and Progress: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Cluster C Anxious-Fearful Personality Pathology and Avoidance References Part IV Assessment 14 Methods and Current Issues in Dimensional Assessments of Personality Pathology Review of PD Trait Measures Five Factor Model Measures The Five Factor Form The Five Factor Model Score Sheet The Structured Interview for the Assessment of the Five-Factor Model of Personality (SIFFM) FFM-PD Measures Pathological Trait Model-Derived Measures Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality-2 The Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology – Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) Personality Psychopathology Five MMPI-2-RF Scales (PSY-5) Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) Personality Assessment Inventory PID-5 Scoring (PAI-PID-5) Comprehensive Assessment of Traits Relevant to Personality Disorder-Static Form (CAT-PD-SF) Personality Dysfunction Measures Current Topics in Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology Can Traits and Dysfunction Be Distinguished? The Role of Adaptive Personality Traits Maladaptive Unipolarity vs. Bipolarity Multisource Assessment Working Toward a Consensual Set of PD Facets Summary, Conclusions, and Future Directions References 14a The Clinical Utility and Applications of Dimensional Assessments of Personality Pathology: Commentary on Methods and Current Issues in Dimensional Assessments of Personality Pathology The Role of Adaptive Traits to Treatment Utility of Bipolarity within Dimensional Assessment Measures Incremental Utility of Dysfunction Other Issues in Assessment Moving Forward and Bridging the Gap References 14b New and Continuing Developments in the Assessment of Personality Disorders: Commentary on Methods and Current Issues in Dimensional Assessments of Personality Pathology Multiple Sources of Information Absence of Validity Scales Need for Normative Data Tracking Personality Pathology across Time New Measures with Considerable Potential Potential Downsides in the Expansive Growth of Measures References 14c The Importance of Multiple Sources, Longitudinal Assessment, and Clinical Utility: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Methods and Current Issues in Dimensional Assessments of Personality Pathology Multi-Source Assessment Longitudinal Assessment Clinical Utility References 15 Categorical Assessment of Personality Disorders: Considerations of Reliability and Validity Self-Report Scales for Diagnosis of Personality Disorders Structured Interviews for Diagnosis of Personality Disorders Validity of Categorical Diagnoses Derived from Structured Interviews Prevalence of Categorical Personality Disorders in Large Cohorts Conclusions Reliability Categories and Dimensions Together References 15a Categories, Constructs, and the Assessment of Personality Pathology: Commentary on Categorical Assessment of Personality Disorders Measures, Models, and Conceptual Frameworks Distinguishing Categories and Constructs from the Measures Used to Quantify Them Distinguishing Overarching Conceptual Frameworks from Narrower Assessment Rubrics Beyond Self-Report in the Study of Personality Pathology Toward an Integrative Perspective on Personality Pathology References 15b The Need for a More Rigorous Approach to Diagnostic Reliability: Commentary on Categorical Assessment of Personality Disorders Taking a More Rigorous Approach to Diagnostic Reliability Basing Expectations on the Nature of the Construct and Benchmarks Advancing Clinical Science References 15c Balancing Hopeful and Pessimistic Views of the Future of Categorical Assessment: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Categorical Assessment of Personality Disorders References 16 Assessment of Mechanisms in Personality Disorders Introduction Terminology, Concepts, and Theories Defining Mechanisms Key Concepts Importance of Theory Design and Analytic Considerations Mechanistic Theories and Personality Disorders Biological Mechanisms Neuroimaging Neurochemistry Other Physiology Genetics Epigenetics Contextual and Environmental Mechanisms Contextual Mechanisms Early Maternal Withdrawal Invalidating Interaction Patterns Coercive Interaction Patterns Invalidation and Coercion among Adults Environmental Mechanisms Neighborhood Effects Peer Group Affiliation Biology-Environment Interactions Prenatal and Infancy Childhood and Adolescence Young Adulthood and Adulthood Limitations and Future Directions References 16a Parts, Wholes, and Explanations of Personality and Its Pathologies: Commentary on Assessment of Mechanisms in Personality Disorders References 16b Genetic and Environmental Mechanisms in BPD over the Lifespan: Commentary on Assessment of Mechanisms in Personality Disorders Studies of Child and Adolescent Factors: Etiological Transactional Processes Studies of Adult Factors: Maintenance/Exacerbation Transactional Processes Working Theoretical Model: Genetic Control of Exposure to the Environment in BPD Future Directions References 16c Complexity and Transactions: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Assessment of Mechanisms in Personality Disorders References Part V Treatment 17 Cognitive Behavioral Approaches Introduction Branded Cognitive and Behavioral Treatments for Personality Disorders Dialectical Behavior Therapy Schema Focused Therapy Cognitive Therapy and Other CBTs Without a Branded Empirically Supported Protocol: Principles of Change from CBTs Exposure-Based Procedures Third Wave Behavior Therapies for Personality Disorders: Beyond DBT Summary References 17a Applying a Cognitive-Behavioral, Principle-Based Approach to the Treatment of Personality Disorders: Commentary on Cognitive Behavioral Approaches Assessment Case Conceptualization Translating Goals/Problems into Treatment Targets Creating a Target Hierarchy Intervention Selection and Implementation The Therapeutic Relationship Conclusion References 17b Implementation Challenges in Real World Settings: Commentary on Cognitive Behavioral Approaches References 17c Further Considerations about Cognitive Behavioral Therapies and Personality Disorders: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Cognitive Behavioral Approaches References 18 Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality Disorders Introduction Different Psychoanalytic Traditions and Approaches to Personality Disorder The Kleinian–Bionian Model The British Object Relations Perspective Kohut and Self Psychology The Structural Object Relations Model The Interpersonal–Relational Approach Mentalizing Theory Contemporary Psychodynamic Treatments Transference-Focused Psychotherapy Evidence Base Mentalization-Based Treatment Evidence Base Conclusion: Going Forward References 18a Contemporary Psychodynamic Treatments: Commentary on Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality Disorders References 18b Consideration of Commonalities in Distinct Models of Treatment for Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder: Commentary on Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality Disorders Common Structural Properties of MBT and DBT Skills Training in the Treatment of Individuals with Personality Disorders The Role of Insight in MBT and DBT The Importance of Flexibility among Treatment Providers Conclusion References 18c Further Development of Three Key Issues: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality Disorders The Full Range of Available Psychodynamic Treatments Added Value of a Dimensional Approach The Role of Transference References 19 Using DSM-5 and ICD-11 Personality Traits in Clinical Treatment Pre-Treatment Assessment of Traits Which Aspects of Traits Should We Seek to Change? How Therapists May Benefit from Considering Patient Traits Using Traits to Establish a Favorable Treatment Alliance Personality Traits as a Source of Self-Knowledge and Insight Using Traits in Psychoeducation Using Traits to Inform Focus of Treatment Guidelines for Specific DSM-5 and ICD-11 Trait Domains Negative Affectivity Establishing a Therapeutic Relationship Treatment Goals for Negative Affectivity Detachment Establishing a Therapeutic Relationship Treatment Goals for Detachment Antagonism or Dissociality Establishing a Therapeutic Relationship Treatment Goals for Antagonism/Dissociality Disinhibition Establishing a Therapeutic Relationship Treatment Goals for Disinhibition Anankastia Establishing a Therapeutic Relationship Treatment Goals for Anankastia Psychoticism Establishing a Therapeutic Relationship Treatment Goals for Psychoticism Conceptualizing and Treating Patients with Multiple Traits Conclusion References 19a A Functional Understanding of the Relationship between Personality and Clinical Diagnoses and Implications for Treatment Planning: Commentary on Using DSM-5 and ICD-11 Personality Traits in Clinical Treatment A FFM-Based Functional Model of Disorders Conclusions References 19b The Need for Mechanistic Models to Translate Traits from Bench to Bedside: Commentary on Using DSM-5 and ICD-11 Personality Traits in Clinical Treatment References 19c Simplicity and Dynamics of the ICD-11 Trait Qualifiers in Relation to Treatment: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Using DSM-5 and ICD-11 Personality Traits in Clinical Treatment References 20 Brief Therapeutic Approaches for Personality Disorders Introduction An Update of Brief Psychosocial Treatments for PDs Dynamic Approaches Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches Integrative Approaches Multi-Component Programmatic Approaches Discussion References 20a What Knowledge Is Lacking on Brief Interventions for Personality Disorders and Why: Commentary on Brief Therapeutic Approaches for Personality Disorders Brief Interventions for PD: Is This a Realistic Approach? Brief Interventions: Should They Have a Different Focus? Future Research Directions References 20b Short- and Long-Term Personality Disorder Treatment Studies Should Inform One Another: Commentary on Brief Therapeutic Approaches for Personality Disorders Short-Term PD Treatment Studies Will Improve Treatment Accessibility Short-Term PD Treatment Studies Will Help Us Better Understand Early Change Processes References 20c Next Steps: Author Rejoinder to Commentaries on Brief Therapeutic Approaches for Personality Disorders Identifying Mechanisms of Change Understanding Moderators of Treatment Outcome Moving Forward References 21 Recent Developments in the Pharmacologic Management of Personality Disorders Introduction Case Example Review Methodology Borderline Personality Disorder Antipsychotic Medications Mood Stabilizers Antidepressants Methylphenidate Novel Approaches Pharmacotherapy in Other Personality Disorders Antipsychotic Med Neuroimaging in personality disorders / Chi C. Chan, Daniel H. Vaccaro, Nina L .J. Rose, Laura E. Kessler, Erin A. Hazlett -- Issues and new directions in personality disorder genetics / Kerry L. Jang and Fiona Choi -- Environmental and sociocultural influences on personality disorders / Brianna J. Turner, Julie Prud'homme, and Nicole Legg -- Personality pathology in youth / Carla Sharp and Barbara De Clercq -- Controversies in the classification and diagnosis of personality disorders / Joel Paris -- Categorical models of personality disorders / Igor Weinberg -- The five-factor model of personality disorders / Joshua D. Miller and Thomas A. Widiger -- Interpersonal models of personality pathology / Michael J. Roche and Emily B. Ansell -- Cluster a personality disorders / John G. Kerns -- Borderline personality disorder / Alexander L. Chapman, Nora H. Hope, and Brianna J. Turner -- An integrative biobehavioral trait perspective on antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy / Sarah J. Brislin and Christopher J. Patrick -- Narcissistic and histrionic personality disorders / Aaron L. Pincus, Sindes Dawood, Leila Z. Wu, and Chloe F. Bliton -- Cluster C anxious-fearful personality pathology and avoidance / Charles A. Sanislow and Anna Darre Hector -- Methods and current issues in dimensional assessments of personality pathology / Chloe M. Evans, Trevor F. Williams, and Leonard J. Simms -- Categorical assessment of personality disorders : considerations of reliability and validity / Janine D. Flory -- Assessment of mechanisms in personality disorders / Sheila E. Crowell, Parisa R. Kaliush, and Robert D. Vlisides-Henry -- Cognitive behavioral approaches / M. Zachary Rosenthal, Kristin P. Wyatt, and Kibby McMahon -- Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic approaches to personality disorders / Peter Fonagy, Anthony Bateman, Patrick Luyten, Elizabeth Allison, and Chloe Campbell -- Using DSM-5 and ICD-11 Personality traits in clinical treatment / Bo Bach and Jennifer Presnall-Shvorin -- Brief therapeutic approaches for personality disorders / Katherine L. Dixon-Gordon, Lindsey C. Conkey, and Sherry E. Woods -- Recent developments in the pharmacologic management of personality disorders / Paul S. Links, Philippe Boursiquot, and Madison Links "This Handbook provides both breadth and depth regarding current approaches to the understanding, assessment, and treatment of personality disorders. The five parts of the book address etiology; models; individual disorders and clusters; assessment; and treatment. A comprehensive picture of personality pathology is supplied that acknowledges the contributions and missteps of the past, identifies the crucial questions of the present, and sets a course for the future. It also follows the changes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) has triggered in the field of personality disorders. The editors take a unique approach where all chapters include two commentaries by experts in the field, as well as an author rejoinder. This approach engages multiple perspectives and an exchange of ideas. It is the ideal resource for researchers and treatment providers at all career stages"-- Quatrième de couverture "This Handbook provides both breadth and depth regarding current approaches to the understanding, assessment, and treatment of personality disorders. The five parts of the book address etiology; models; individual disorders and clusters; assessment; and treatment. A comprehensive picture of personality pathology is supplied that acknowledges the contributions and missteps of the past, identifies the crucial questions of the present, and sets a course for the future. It also follows the changes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) has triggered in the field of personality disorders. The editors take a unique approach where all chapters include two commentaries by experts in the field, as well as an author rejoinder. This approach engages multiple perspectives and an exchange of ideas. It is the ideal resource for researchers and treatment providers at all career stages"-- Site de l'éditeur