The Cambridge Handbook of Age and Ageing (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology)

Containing Almost 80 Original Chapters, Commissioned And Written By The World's Leading Gerontologists From 16 Countries And 5 Continents, The Broad Focus Of This Handbook Is On The Behavioral And Social Sciences As Well As Important Contributions From The Biological And Medical Sciences. It Provides Comprehensive, Accessible And Authoritative Accounts Of All The Key Topics In The Field, The Cambridge Handbook Of Age And Ageing Is A State-of-the-art Guide To The Current Body Of Knowledge, Theory, Policy And Practice Relevant To Age Researchers And Gerontologists Around The World. Introduction And Overview -- The Ageing Body -- The Ageing Mind -- The Ageing Self -- The Ageing Of Relationships -- The Ageing Of Societies -- Policies And Provisions For Older People. Edited By Malcolm L. Johnson ; Association With Vern L. Bengtson, Peter G. Coleman, Thomas B.l. Kirkwood. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cover......Page 1 Half-title......Page 3 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Dedication......Page 7 Contents......Page 9 Contributors......Page 14 Foreword......Page 19 AGEING IN THE MODERN WORLD......Page 23 Emerging themes......Page 24 THE PREOCCUPATION WITH HEALTH......Page 25 Health as an individual human resource......Page 26 Acknowledgements......Page 27 REFERENCES......Page 28 Part I Introduction and overview......Page 29 CHAPTER 1.1 The Problem of Theory in Gerontology Today......Page 31 The New Problem of Societal Ageing......Page 32 Problems of Theory-Building in Gerontology......Page 33 THE CURRENT STATE OF THEORY IN GERONTOLOGY......Page 34 The Structure of Theories in Gerontology......Page 35 Stochastic Theories......Page 36 Evolutionary Theories......Page 37 Neuropsychological Theories of Ageing......Page 38 Socioemotional Selectivity Theory......Page 39 Personality and Ageing Theories......Page 40 The Lifecourse Perspective......Page 41 Social Constructionist Perspectives......Page 42 Critical Perspectives of Ageing......Page 43 CONCLUSION......Page 44 Future Trends in Social Gerontological Thinking......Page 45 REFERENCES......Page 46 THE DECLINE OF THE AGEING BODY: THE FOUNDATION FOR PERSPECTIVES ON AGEING......Page 49 DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERNS IN INTERNATIONAL HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE......Page 52 FAMILY TIES......Page 53 ECONOMIC PATTERNS......Page 54 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS......Page 55 REFERENCES......Page 56 The demographic transition......Page 58 The epidemiological transition......Page 59 The challenge for health systems......Page 61 Socio-economic consequences......Page 63 Gender and ageing......Page 65 Contributions of older persons......Page 66 Urbanization, migration and ageing......Page 67 THE WHO ACTIVE AGEING POLICY FRAMEWORK......Page 68 THE DETERMINANTS OF ACTIVE AGEING......Page 69 REFERENCES......Page 72 FROM AGEING AS DECLINE TO AGEING AS A DYNAMIC OF GAINS AND LOSSES......Page 75 PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: INTEGRATING LEVELS OF ANALYSIS......Page 76 Evolutionary selection benefits decrease with age......Page 77 Age-related increase in need for culture......Page 78 LEVEL 2: LIFESPAN CHANGES IN THE ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES TO DISTINCT FUNCTIONS – GROWTH VS. MAINTENANCE VS. LOSS......Page 79 Deficits as Catalysts for Adaptive Progress......Page 80 LEVEL 3: AN OVERALL THEORY OF SUCCESSFUL (ADAPTIVE) PSYCHOLOGICAL AGEING –ORCHESTRATING SELECTION, OPTIMIZATION, AND COMPENSATION......Page 81 Self-report data on SOC use......Page 83 Outcomes Associated with Self0Report SOC......Page 84 Behavioral expression of SOC in dual-task research......Page 85 Ageing and Two Broad Domains of Psychometric Intelligence......Page 86 Ageing and basic information processing......Page 89 The Ageing Brain of The Ageing Mind......Page 91 OUTLOOKS: INTEGRATING THE MULTIPLE FACETS AND LEVELS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AGEING......Page 92 REFERENCES......Page 93 Why ageing occurs......Page 100 How ageing affects tissues......Page 102 DNA damage and repair......Page 103 Mitochondria and stress......Page 104 METABOLIC FACTORS INFLUENCING RATE OF AGEING......Page 105 MENOPAUSE – THE BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF OLD AGE?......Page 106 REFERENCES......Page 107 Part II The Ageing Body......Page 111 CHAPTER 2.1 Biodemography and Epidemiology of Longevity......Page 113 WHY ARE WE LIVING LONGER?......Page 114 Probable period effects......Page 115 WHO LIVES VERY LONG?......Page 116 DOES LONGEVITY RUN IN FAMILIES?......Page 117 LIVING LONGER, BUT BETTER?......Page 118 REFERENCES......Page 120 DESCRIBING THE HEALTH OF OLDER PEOPLE......Page 123 Measuring health: mortality and morbidity......Page 124 Compression of morbidity......Page 125 Expansion of morbidity......Page 126 Changes in mortality and morbidity rates over time......Page 127 Ethnicity......Page 128 ESTABLISHING HEALTH NEEDS: CAUSES OF MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY......Page 129 CONCLUSION......Page 130 REFERENCES......Page 132 Doubling life expectancy at birth......Page 134 Large differences still in place......Page 137 HIV / AIDS to and the emerging new threats......Page 138 Increase of illness with age......Page 139 Rectangularization of survival curve and death distribution by age......Page 140 Demographic factors......Page 141 Genetic factors......Page 142 High fertility and unhealthy childhood......Page 143 CONCLUSIONS......Page 144 VISION......Page 149 HEARING......Page 152 TASTE AND SMELL......Page 154 TOUCH......Page 156 REFERENCES......Page 157 SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM......Page 159 POSTURAL INSTABILITY......Page 160 ASSESSMENT FOR RISK......Page 162 OVERLAP BETWEEN FALLS AND SYNCOPE......Page 163 Quality Indicator 3.Basic fall evaluation......Page 164 Community-Based Studies......Page 165 Bone Strengthening Medications......Page 166 REFERENCES......Page 167 CHAPTER 2.6 The Genetics of Behavioural Ageing......Page 169 EARLY AND MIDLIFE EVIDENCE......Page 170 LATER LIFE EVIDENCE......Page 171 INTERACTIONS IN GENETICS OF BEHAVIOURAL AGEING......Page 172 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 173 FURTHER READING......Page 174 REFERENCES......Page 175 CLASSICAL PSYCHOANALYSIS......Page 177 EGO PSYCHOLOGY......Page 178 JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY......Page 179 MCADAMS AND NARRATIVE TURN......Page 180 Inner Worlds, Outer Worlds and Ageing......Page 181 REFERENCES......Page 182 CHAPTER 2.8 Cultural Approaches to the Ageing Body......Page 184 THE CULTIVATION OF YOUTH AND THE GHETTOIZATION OF AGE......Page 185 INDIVIDUALIZATION AND THE FRAGMENTATION OF LATER LIFE......Page 186 FITNESS AND THE POSTMODERNIZATION OF MATURITY......Page 187 WOMEN AGEING AND THE BODY......Page 188 AGEING BODIES AND THE MARKET......Page 189 CONCLUSION......Page 190 REFERENCES......Page 191 CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS......Page 193 Anti-ageing......Page 195 Cancer......Page 197 Muscle and bones......Page 198 Immune response, inflammation and infections......Page 199 Nutrition......Page 200 Mental health......Page 201 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS......Page 203 REFERENCES......Page 204 Part III THE AGEING MIND......Page 207 Development As Lifelong Interface of Gains and Losses......Page 209 Potential and Limits of Plasticity......Page 210 Development as a Multifactorial System of Influences......Page 211 Individuals as Agents in Their Own Development......Page 213 REFERENCES......Page 216 CHAPTER 3.2 Cognitive Changes Across the Lifespan......Page 218 REFERENCES......Page 226 THEORETICAL OVERVIEW......Page 228 STM: (1) PRIMARY MEMORY......Page 229 STM: (2) WORKING MEMORY......Page 230 LTM: (1) SEMANTIC VS EPISODIC MEMORY......Page 231 LTM: (2) IMPLICIT VS EXPLICIT MEMORY......Page 233 LTM: (3) RETROSPECTIVE VS PROSPECTIVE MEMORY......Page 234 REFERENCES......Page 235 INTELLIGENCE......Page 237 Implicit-Theoretical Approaches......Page 240 Explicit-Theoretical Approaches......Page 241 REFERENCES......Page 242 CHAPTER 3.5 Everyday Competence in Older Adults......Page 244 Componential and Hierarchical Models......Page 245 Domain-specific Models of Competence......Page 246 ANTECEDENTS OF EVERYDAY COMPETENCE......Page 247 Health......Page 248 Personality......Page 249 Subjective Assessments of Everyday Competence......Page 250 Objective Assessments of Everyday Competence......Page 251 MAINTAINING EVERYDAY COMPETENCE......Page 252 REFERENCES......Page 254 Positive Affect Balance in Later Life......Page 257 AGEING OF “SECONDARY” AFFECTS......Page 259 Age and Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation......Page 261 FURTHER READING......Page 262 REFERENCES......Page 263 CHAPTER 3.7 Personality and Ageing......Page 265 Do Personality Traits Stay Stable or Change?......Page 266 The Person: Self-Regulatory Mechanisms as Sources of Stability and Change......Page 267 Biology......Page 268 Contextual (Experiential) Influences on Stability and Change in Personality Development......Page 269 REFERENCES......Page 270 DEFINITION......Page 273 BIOLOGICAL FACTORS......Page 274 Bereavement......Page 275 SUICIDE AND DEPRESSION......Page 276 PREVENTION......Page 277 REFERENCES......Page 278 DEFINING AND DIAGNOSING DEMENTIA......Page 280 DEPRESSION AND DEMENTIA......Page 281 DEMENTIA AND NORMAL AGEING......Page 282 DEMENTIA AND EDUCATION......Page 283 PREVALENCE OF THE DEMENTIAS......Page 284 CONCLUSIONS......Page 285 REFERENCES......Page 286 PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF DEMENTIA......Page 289 Apolipoprotein E gene......Page 293 Other molecular causes......Page 294 ECONOMIC COST OF DEMENTIA PATIENTS......Page 295 REDUCING THE BURDEN OF CARING FOR DEMENTIA......Page 296 REFERENCES......Page 298 Part IV THE AGEING SELF......Page 301 INTRODUCTION......Page 303 Scientific approaches to self and identity......Page 304 People and interpersonal relations......Page 310 Work and leisure......Page 311 The existential self: time, health, death......Page 312 Overall self-definition......Page 314 Change mechanisms for self-conceptions......Page 315 Future outlook and further applications......Page 316 REFERENCES......Page 317 Stressors......Page 320 Resources......Page 322 The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Resources......Page 324 A Dynamic View of Stress Exposure......Page 326 REFERENCES......Page 327 CHAPTER 4.3 Reminiscence: Developmental, Social and Clinical Perspectives......Page 329 TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF REMINISCENCE......Page 330 THE CONCEPT OF LIFE REVIEW INTERVENTIONS AND THEIR......Page 332 REMINISCENCE AND LIFE REVIEW INTERVENTIONS AND THEIR EVALUATION......Page 333 REFERENCES......Page 335 CHAPTER 4.4 The Social Worlds of Old Age......Page 338 Women's Ageing Bodies......Page 339 Self and Identity in Dementia......Page 341 REFERENCES......Page 343 DEFINING DIFFERENCE......Page 344 REMINISCENCE IN ORAL HISTORY......Page 345 HISTORY IN REMINISCENCE......Page 347 ORAL HISTORY AND REMINISCENCE SHARED CONCERNS......Page 348 REFERENCES......Page 349 CHAPTER 4.6 Elder Abuse in Developing Nations......Page 351 NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM......Page 352 DEFINITIONS......Page 353 INSTITUTIONAL ABUSE......Page 355 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES......Page 356 REFERENCES......Page 358 CHAPTER 4.7 The Self in Dementia......Page 360 SELFHOOD AND THE PERSON WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE......Page 361 The Case of Dr. M.......Page 362 CONCLUSION......Page 364 THE BROADER DEFINITION......Page 366 A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CONCEPT......Page 367 INDIVIDUAL AGEISM......Page 368 INSTITUTIONALISED AGEISM......Page 369 ANTI-AGEIST ACTION......Page 370 GERONTOLOGISTS AND AGEISM......Page 371 REFERENCES......Page 372 US PERSPECTIVE......Page 374 CHANGES IN HEALTH AND FUNCTION......Page 375 PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION......Page 376 INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES......Page 377 DEPENDENCE MAY DECREASE SOCIAL ISOLATION......Page 378 BEYOND GENDER AND RACE......Page 379 REFERENCES......Page 380 SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY......Page 382 IMAGES, THE BODY AND THE SELF......Page 383 IMAGES OF AGEING IN SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY......Page 384 SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM......Page 385 CONSUMER CULTURE, POSTMODERN TENDENCIES AND GLOBALIZATION......Page 386 FURTHER READING......Page 388 REFERENCES......Page 389 INTRODUCTION......Page 391 RELIGION, SPIRITUALITY, AND MEANING-MAKING......Page 392 DIMENSIONS AND PROCESSES OF SPIRITUALITY......Page 393 SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE SECOND HALF OF LIFE......Page 394 SPIRITUALITY AND WELLBEING IN OLD AGE: RESEARCH NEEDED......Page 396 REFERENCES......Page 397 THE FOUR QUALITIES OF LIFE......Page 399 SCALES AND MEASUREMENTS......Page 400 INFLUENCES ON SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING......Page 401 AGEING AND WELLBEING......Page 402 SUCCESSFUL AGEING AND QUALITY OF LIFE......Page 403 REFERENCES......Page 404 DYING TRAJECTORIES AND NEEDS......Page 406 Households and family structure......Page 408 Institutional care and place of death......Page 409 Healthcare systems......Page 410 CONCLUSION......Page 412 REFERENCES......Page 413 DEATH ATTITUDES......Page 415 Death concerns in older adults......Page 416 Typical Concerns of Patients and Their Loved Ones Near the End of Life......Page 417 Conclusion......Page 418 Complicated Grief......Page 419 REFERENCES......Page 420 Religion and spirituality......Page 422 Dying as the last career......Page 424 Dying and spirituality: the experiences of some older people......Page 425 Finding intimacy with others: facing loss......Page 426 FURTHER READING......Page 427 REFERENCES......Page 428 Part V The Ageing of Relationships......Page 429 INTRODUCTION......Page 431 FAMILY RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL AGEING......Page 432 Meso level: intergenerational solidarity, conflict and ambivalence......Page 433 Macro level: family solidarity versus state solidarity......Page 435 CONCLUSIONS......Page 436 REFERENCES......Page 437 The solidarity model......Page 441 AMBIVALENCE AS AN EMBEDDED CONCEPT WITHIN THE SOLIDARITY–CONFLICT MODEL: CLASSIFICATION ANALYSIS AND TYPOLOGIES......Page 442 Methods......Page 443 Results......Page 444 Developing the typology......Page 445 DISCUSSION: AMBIVALENCE AS EMBEDDED WITHIN THE SOLIDARITY–CONFLICT MODEL......Page 446 FURTHER READING......Page 447 REFERENCES......Page 448 DEMOGRAPHICS OF GRANDPARENTHOOD......Page 450 THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING......Page 451 INTERGENERATIONAL CONTACT AND RELATIONSHIPS......Page 453 Step-grandparents divorce and reconstituted families......Page 454 REFERENCES......Page 455 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES......Page 457 THE AVAILABILITY OF SIBLING TIES......Page 458 THE SIBLING RELATIONSHIP OVER TIME......Page 459 SHARING SUPPORT......Page 460 STEP- AND HALF-SIBLINGS......Page 461 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 462 REFERENCES......Page 463 HISTORICAL ROOTS: FAMILY AND FILIAL PIETY IN EAST ASIA......Page 465 CHANGING PRACTICES IN JAPAN......Page 466 CHANGING PRACTICES IN CHINA......Page 467 Patterns of co-residence and family support......Page 468 Public discourse and family policy......Page 469 REFERENCES......Page 470 INTRODUCTION......Page 471 INTRODUCTION......Page 483 GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTHCARE REFORM......Page 484 GLOBALIZATION, INEQUALITIES, AND THE PROVISION OF CARE......Page 486 CONCLUSION......Page 488 REFERENCES......Page 489 THE TRIGENERATIONAL QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE SURVEYS......Page 472 G1, the war and reconstruction generation......Page 473 G2, the affluent generation......Page 475 Some comparison with other countries......Page 476 Level of Education......Page 477 Social mobility......Page 478 TRANSMISSION BETWEEN GENERATIONS......Page 479 REFERENCES......Page 481 CHAPTER 5.8 Network Dynamics in Later Life......Page 491 THE EXCHANGE APPROACH......Page 492 INDIVIDUAL CHOICE APPROACH......Page 493 CONCLUSION......Page 494 REFERENCES......Page 495 CHANGING FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD AGEING DEBATE......Page 497 Demographic and labour market trends......Page 498 Macro perspectives on drivers of change in family arrangements and support......Page 500 PERSPECTIVE FOR FUTURE RESEARCH......Page 501 REFERENCES......Page 502 GENERATIONAL STRUCTURE AND RELATIONS......Page 504 CARE NEEDS......Page 505 NORMS AND EXPECTATIONS REGARDING ELDER CARE......Page 506 COVERING THE COST OF ELDER CARE......Page 507 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 508 REFERENCES......Page 509 CHALLENGING HETEROSEXISM AND AGEISM IN THE STUDY OF GAY AND LESBIAN ELDERS......Page 510 DEMOGRAPHICS AND DIVERSITY AMONG OLDER GAY MEN AND LESBIANS......Page 511 METHODOLOGICAL AND THEORETICAL ISSUES......Page 512 SOCIAL-HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF GAY AND LESBIAN AGEING......Page 513 ADAPTATIONS IN LATER LIFE FOR GAY AND LESBIAN ELDERS......Page 514 FURTHER READING......Page 515 REFERENCES......Page 516 Part VI THE AGEING OF SOCIETIES......Page 519 The lifecourse as concept and theoretical orientation......Page 521 Principles of the lifecourse......Page 522 De-institutionalization of the lifecourse......Page 523 Children of the Great Depression......Page 524 Multigenerational families in changing times......Page 525 Methodological advances in lifecourse studies of families and ageing......Page 527 REFERENCES......Page 528 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AGEING......Page 530 GROWING OLD: THE VIEW FROM POLITICAL ECONOMY......Page 531 AGEING AND GLOBALISATION......Page 533 CONCLUSION......Page 535 REFERENCES......Page 536 ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF MORAL ECONOMY......Page 538 SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY AND MORAL ECONOMY......Page 540 EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF MORAL ECONOMY......Page 541 CONCLUSION......Page 543 REFERENCES......Page 544 THE CONCEPTS......Page 546 GENERATIONAL EQUITY: DISCOURSE AND INSTITUTIONS......Page 547 GENERATIONAL EQUITY: THE EMPIRICAL RECORD......Page 549 ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE PUBLIC GENERATIONAL CONTRACT......Page 550 THE PUBLIC AND THE PRIVATE GENERATIONAL CONTRACT......Page 552 REFERENCES......Page 553 THE FEMINISATION OF LATER LIFE AND ITS RECENT DIMINUTION......Page 555 GENDER AND EXPECTATION OF LIFE INTERNATIONALLY......Page 556 CHANGES IN MARITAL STATUS IN LATER LIFE......Page 557 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN LIVING ARRANGEMENTS......Page 559 Gender inequality in later life income......Page 560 Pension prospects of later cohorts......Page 561 GENDER, SOCIAL ROLES AND RELATIONSHIPS......Page 562 CONCLUSIONS......Page 563 REFERENCES......Page 564 THE DEVELOPMENT OF RETIREMENT MIGRATION......Page 566 A STAGE MODEL OF TYPES AND DESTINATIONS......Page 567 Return migration......Page 569 SELF-ASSESSMENTS OF MIGRATIONS......Page 570 PROSPECTS......Page 571 REFERENCES......Page 572 LONGEVITY AND WEALTH OF NATIONS......Page 574 The underlying economic advantages of population ageing and longevity......Page 575 "Silver Industries"......Page 576 THE FATHER OF GERONTOLOGY......Page 577 HEALTH AND CONSUMER SPENDING......Page 578 REFERENCES......Page 579 THE SITUATION OF OLDER WOMEN: SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INEQUALITY......Page 580 Feminist Theories of the State......Page 581 Feminist Perspectives on the State and Old Age Policy......Page 582 GLOBALIZATION, INEQUALITY AND OLDER WOMEN......Page 583 REFERENCES......Page 585 Part VII POLICIES AND PROVISIONS FOR OLDER PEOPLE......Page 589 FILIAL PIETY IN THE ANCIENT WORLD......Page 591 OLD AGE IN THE POST-RENAISSANCE WORLD......Page 593 BEING OLD IN THE TWENTIETH CENURY......Page 594 ISSUES FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM......Page 596 Death - the province of old age......Page 597 REFERENCES......Page 598 CHANGES IN THE TRANSITION FROM WORK TO RETIREMENT......Page 600 EMERGENCE OF RETIREMENT AS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION IN DEVELOPED NATIONS......Page 601 SOCIAL SCIENCE MODELS OF THE WORKIN LIFECOURSE......Page 602 DEPARTURES FROM THE STANDARDIZED LIFECOURSE......Page 603 CORPORATE BEHAVIOUR, ATTITUDES TOWARDS OLDER WORKERS, AND AGE DISCRIMINATION......Page 604 Recruitment and selection......Page 605 RECENT POLICY SHIFTS......Page 606 REFERENCES......Page 607 “WHO IS SYLVIA?”......Page 611 REFERENCES......Page 615 WEALTH COMPLEXITY......Page 616 Changes in Complexity......Page 618 To Retire or Not to Retire: An Additional Complexity......Page 619 HEALTH-FINANCE COMPLEXITY......Page 620 "Job Lock" Complexity......Page 621 THE COMPLEXITY OF WEALTH AND HEALTH - A FINAL OBSERVATION......Page 622 REFERENCES......Page 623 EVOLUTION OF THEORY AND RESEARCH......Page 625 THE POLICY ENVIRONMENT......Page 626 CROSS-SECTIONAL VERSUS LONGITUDINAL STUDIES......Page 627 Practice implications......Page 628 IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE POLICY......Page 629 IMPLICATION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH......Page 630 REFERENCES......Page 631 INTRODUCTION......Page 633 Healthcare for Ageing Populations......Page 634 Market Incentives in Healthcare for the Aged......Page 637 REFERENCES......Page 639 Routinised Care......Page 641 Patient-centred Care......Page 642 Person-centred Care......Page 643 EDUCATIONAL PREPARATION FOR PERSON-CENTRED GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING......Page 644 GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING CAREER OPPORTUNITIES......Page 645 BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER SPECIALIST PRACTICE FOR THE FUTURE......Page 646 REFERENCES......Page 647 INTRODUCTION......Page 650 SERVICE INPUTS, NEEDS AND OUTCOMES......Page 651 IMPACTS OF CARE MANAGEMENT INPUTS......Page 652 WITHIN-PROGRAMME MATCHING OF CARE MANAGEMENT INPUTS TO USER CIRCUMSTANCES, SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS AND PRIORITISED......Page 653 DISCUSSION......Page 654 FURTHER READING......Page 655 REFERENCES......Page 656 AGEING IN PLACE......Page 658 National variation in care regimes for elders at home......Page 659 The expansion phase: mid 1960s to mid 1980s......Page 660 The professionalization phase: mid 1980s to 1992......Page 661 Changes among care receivers......Page 662 AGEING IN PLACE: A GENDERED QUESTION......Page 663 REFERENCES......Page 664 CHAPTER 7.10 Long Term Care......Page 666 SEPARATING SERVICES AND SITE......Page 667 Form......Page 669 Personnel......Page 670 Payment......Page 671 Quality......Page 672 REFERENCES......Page 673 WHAT IS MANAGED CARE?......Page 675 THE REALITY OF MANAGED CARE......Page 677 Managed care and Medicaid......Page 678 The NHS and social services......Page 679 Managed long term care......Page 680 CONCLUSION......Page 681 REFERENCES......Page 682 LONGER LIVES......Page 684 The social status of the elderly......Page 685 Solutions?......Page 686 EVIDENCE-BASED HEALTHCARE......Page 687 CONCLUSIONS......Page 688 REFERENCES......Page 689 BACKGROUND......Page 690 ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF TECHNOLOGY BY OLDER ADULTS......Page 692 CAN OLDER ADULTS LEARN TO USE TECHNOLOGY?......Page 693 TECHNOLOGY IN THE HOME: HEALTHCARE......Page 694 TECHNOLOGY IN THE WORKPLACE......Page 695 REFERENCES......Page 696 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS: SETTING THE STAGE......Page 698 THE DEMOGRAPHIC NEXUS......Page 699 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS......Page 700 SEEDS OF A GLOBAL POLITICS OF AGEING......Page 702 A CASE STUDY: SOCIAL SECURITY AND PRIVATIZATION......Page 703 PRECONDITIONS FOR AN INCIPIENT POLITICS OF AGEING......Page 705 THE ROLE OF ETHNICITY, IMMIGRATION, AND DIVERSITY......Page 706 CONCLUSIONS AND CLOSING COMMENTS......Page 707 REFERENCES......Page 708 Index......Page 710 The Cambridge Handbook of Age and Ageing, first published in 2005, is a guide to the body of knowledge, theory, policy and practice relevant to age researchers and gerontologists around the world. It contains almost 80 original chapters, commissioned and written by the world's leading gerontologists from 16 countries and 5 continents. The broad focus of the book is on the behavioural and social sciences but it also includes important contributions from the biological and medical sciences. It provides comprehensive, accessible and authoritative accounts of all the key topics in the field ranging from theories of ageing, to demography, physical aspects of ageing, mental processes and ageing, nursing and health care for older people, the social context of ageing, cross cultural perspectives, relationships, quality of life, gender, and financial and policy provision. This handbook will be a must-have resource for all researchers, students and professionals with an interest in age and ageing.