The Cambridge Companion to Socrates (Cambridge Companions to Philosophy)

The Cambridge Companion To Socrates Is A Collection Of Essays Providing A Comprehensive Guide To Socrates, The Most Famous Greek Philosopher. Because Socrates Himself Wrote Nothing, Our Evidence Comes From The Writings Of His Friends (above All Plato), His Enemies, And Later Writers. Socrates Is Thus A Literary Figure As Well As A Historical Person. Both Aspects Of Socrates' Legacy Are Covered In This Volume. Socrates' Character Is Full Of Paradox, And So Are His Philosophical Views. These Paradoxes Have Led To Deep Differences In Scholar's Interpretation Of Socrates And His Thought. Mirroring This Wide Range Of Thought About Socrates, This Volume's Contributors Are Unusually Diverse In Their Background And Perspective. The Essays In This Volume Were Authored By Classical Philologists, Philosophers, And Historians From Germany, Francophone Canada, Britain, And The United States, And They Represent A Range Of Interpretive And Philosophical Traditions--provided By Publisher. Machine Generated Contents Note: 1. The Rise And Fall Of The Socratic Problem Louis-andre; Dorion; 2. The Students Of Socrates Klaus Döring; 3. Xenophon And The Enviable Life Of Socrates David K. O'connor; 4. Socrates In Aristophanes' Clouds David Konstan; 5. Socrates And The New Learning Paul Woodruff; 6. Socratic Religion Mark L. Mcpherran; 7. Socrates And Democratic Athens Josiah Ober; 8. Socratic Method Hugh H. Benson; 9. Self-examination Christopher Rowe; 10. Socratic Ignorance Richard Bett; 11. Reconsidering Socratic Irony Melissa Lane; 12. Socratic Ethics And The Socratic Psychology Of Action: A Philosophical Framework Terry Penner; 13. Socrates And Eudaimonia Christopher Bobonich; 14. Socrates' Political Philosophy Charles L. Griswold; 15. Socrates In Later Greek Philosophy A. A. Long. Edited By Donald R. Morrison. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. The Cambridge Companion to Socrates (2011) ......Page 1 CAMBRIDGE COMPANIONS TO PHILOSOPHY......Page 4 ISBN: 9780521541039 (Paperback)......Page 7 --> Contents......Page 8 Contributors......Page 10 Editor’s Preface......Page 14 Abbreviations......Page 18 1 The Rise and Fall of the Socratic Problem (Louis-André Dorion)......Page 22 1. The Genesis: Schleiermacher and the Critique of Xenophon......Page 23 2. The Impasse and the Fall: the Fictional Nature of the LOGOI SOKRATIKOI......Page 27 3. The Future of Socratic Studies......Page 39 Works Cited......Page 42 Introduction......Page 45 Aeschines of Sphettus......Page 48 Phaedo of Elis......Page 54 Euclides of Megara......Page 57 Aristippus of Cyrene......Page 60 Antisthenes......Page 63 Works Cited......Page 66 3 Xenophon and the Enviable Life of Socrates (David K. O’Connor)......Page 69 Benefaction and Political Power......Page 72 Benefaction and Socratic Freedom......Page 75 Socrates’ Erotic Intensity......Page 81 Socrates’ Enviable Piety......Page 86 Xenophon’s Socrates and Xenophon’s Xenophon......Page 91 Works Cited......Page 94 4 Socrates in Aristophanes’ Clouds (David Konstan)......Page 96 Works Cited......Page 109 1. Science and Argument......Page 112 2. The Case of Socrates......Page 114 3. The New Learning......Page 115 3.1. Displacement of the Divine......Page 116 3.3. Respect for Human Wisdom......Page 117 3.4. Criticism of Custom and Law......Page 119 3.5. The Art of Words......Page 121 4. Socrates’ Response......Page 122 4.1. Displacement of the Divine......Page 123 4.2. Consistency Concerning the Gods......Page 124 4.3. Respect for Human Wisdom......Page 125 4.4. Criticism of Custom and Law......Page 126 4.5. The Art of Words......Page 127 5. Socrates’ transformation of the new learning......Page 129 Works Cited......Page 130 6 Socratic Religion (Mark L. McPherran)......Page 132 1. Greek Religion......Page 133 2. The Puzzles of ‘Socratic Religion’......Page 135 3. Socratic Piety and Philosophy......Page 137 4. Socratic Reason and Revelation......Page 143 5. Socratic Theology......Page 148 6. Socrates on Trial......Page 151 Works Cited......Page 155 Further Bibliography......Page 157 7 Socrates and Democratic Athens (Josiah Ober)......Page 159 Legal narrative......Page 160 Digression: Red Herrings......Page 162 Legal narrative (continued)......Page 165 Socrates’ civic duties......Page 169 Goods received......Page 179 Birth......Page 180 Upbringing......Page 181 Education......Page 182 The critical intellectual in public and private......Page 184 Explaining 399: Why prosecute? Why defend?......Page 187 Conclusion: Why Socrates lived in Athens......Page 195 Works Cited......Page 197 8 Socratic Method (Hugh H. Benson)......Page 200 A Common Form: The Elenchos......Page 201 A Common Strategy: Doxastic Coherence......Page 206 The Elenchos as Definition Testing......Page 214 Works Cited......Page 219 9 Self-Examination (Christopher Rowe)......Page 222 1. “ Self-examination” in the Apology and some other closely related Platonic dialogues......Page 223 2. Self-examination in the Phaedrus......Page 233 Works Cited......Page 235 1......Page 236 2......Page 239 3......Page 246 4......Page 251 5......Page 254 Further Bibliography......Page 256 Introduction......Page 258 Purpose and audience: diverse views......Page 262 Self-deprecation......Page 267 Does EIRŌNEIA mean “irony”?......Page 268 Ironic Praise......Page 270 Friendship terms of address......Page 271 Ironic praise outside terms of address......Page 272 A Rhetorical Reading of ‘Socratic Irony’......Page 274 Works Cited......Page 278 12 Socratic Ethics and the Socratic Psychology of Action - A Philosophical Framework (Terry Penner)......Page 281 Works Cited......Page 312 1. Introduction......Page 314 2. Preliminaries......Page 315 3. Rational Eudaimonism and Psychological Eudaimonism......Page 318 4. The Content of Happiness......Page 334 5. Concluding Issues......Page 347 Works Cited......Page 352 14 Socrates’ Political Philosophy (Charles L. Griswold)......Page 354 1. Socrates as Political Actor......Page 356 2. Reconciling the Ideal and the Actual......Page 365 3. Conclusion......Page 370 Works Cited......Page 373 Further Bibliography......Page 375 Introduction......Page 376 Doxographical tradition and principal sources......Page 378 Fundamentals of ethics in the Socratic tradition......Page 381 Socratic ignorance, dialectic, and irony......Page 385 Criticism of Socrates......Page 389 Epictetus on the Socratic elenchus......Page 391 Socrates’ divine sign......Page 395 Works Cited......Page 399 Further Reading......Page 400 I. Bibliographies......Page 402 II. Texts and Translations......Page 403 III. Comprehensive Studies......Page 404 IV. Studies of Particular Authors......Page 405 V. Studies of Particular Topics......Page 407 Index of Names and Subjects......Page 412 Index of Passages......Page 422 0521541034,9780521541039 Cambridge University Press The Cambridge Companion to Socrates (2011) 1 CAMBRIDGE COMPANIONS TO PHILOSOPHY 4 ISBN: 9780521833424 (Hardback) 7 ISBN: 9780521541039 (Paperback) 7 --> Contents 8 Contributors 10 Editor’s Preface 14 Abbreviations 18 Chapters 22 1 The Rise and Fall of the Socratic Problem (Louis-André Dorion) 22 1. The Genesis: Schleiermacher and the Critique of Xenophon 23 2. The Impasse and the Fall: the Fictional Nature of the LOGOI SOKRATIKOI 27 3. The Future of Socratic Studies 39 Works Cited 42 2 The Students of Socrates (Klaus Döring) 45 Introduction 45 Aeschines of Sphettus 48 Phaedo of Elis 54 Euclides of Megara 57 Aristippus of Cyrene 60 Antisthenes 63 Works Cited 66 3 Xenophon and the Enviable Life of Socrates (David K. O’Connor) 69 Benefaction and Political Power 72 Benefaction and Socratic Freedom 75 Socrates’ Erotic Intensity 81 Socrates’ Enviable Piety 86 Xenophon’s Socrates and Xenophon’s Xenophon 91 Works Cited 94 4 Socrates in Aristophanes’ Clouds (David Konstan) 96 Works Cited 109 5 Socrates and the New Learning (Paul Woodruff) 112 1. Science and Argument 112 2. The Case of Socrates 114 3. The New Learning 115 3.1. Displacement of the Divine 116 3.2. Consistency Concerning the Gods 117 3.3. Respect for Human Wisdom 117 3.4. Criticism of Custom and Law 119 3.5. The Art of Words 121 4. Socrates’ Response 122 4.1. Displacement of the Divine 123 4.2. Consistency Concerning the Gods 124 4.3. Respect for Human Wisdom 125 4.4. Criticism of Custom and Law 126 4.5. The Art of Words 127 5. Socrates’ transformation of the new learning 129 Works Cited 130 6 Socratic Religion (Mark L. McPherran) 132 1. Greek Religion 133 2. The Puzzles of ‘Socratic Religion’ 135 3. Socratic Piety and Philosophy 137 4. Socratic Reason and Revelation 143 5. Socratic Theology 148 6. Socrates on Trial 151 Works Cited 155 Further Bibliography 157 7 Socrates and Democratic Athens (Josiah Ober) 159 Legal narrative 160 Digression: Red Herrings 162 Legal narrative (continued) 165 Socrates’ civic duties 169 Goods received 179 Birth 180 Upbringing 181 Education 182 The critical intellectual in public and private 184 Explaining 399: Why prosecute? Why defend? 187 Conclusion: Why Socrates lived in Athens 195 Works Cited 197 8 Socratic Method (Hugh H. Benson) 200 A Common Form: The Elenchos 201 A Common Strategy: Doxastic Coherence 206 The Elenchos as Definition Testing 214 Conclusion 219 Works Cited 219 9 Self-Examination (Christopher Rowe) 222 1. “ Self-examination” in the Apology and some other closely related Platonic dialogues 223 2. Self-examination in the Phaedrus 233 Works Cited 235 10 Socratic Ignorance (Richard Bett) 236 1 236 2 239 3 246 4 251 5 254 Works Cited 256 Further Bibliography 256 11 Reconsidering Socratic Irony (Melissa Lane) 258 Introduction 258 Purpose and audience: diverse views 262 Self-deprecation 267 Does EIRŌNEIA mean “irony”? 268 Ironic Praise 270 Friendship terms of address 271 Ironic praise outside terms of address 272 A Rhetorical Reading of ‘Socratic Irony’ 274 Works Cited 278 12 Socratic Ethics and the Socratic Psychology of Action - A Philosophical Framework (Terry Penner) 281 Works Cited 312 13 Socrates and Eudaimonia (Christopher Bobonich) 314 1. Introduction 314 2. Preliminaries 315 3. Rational Eudaimonism and Psychological Eudaimonism 318 4. The Content of Happiness 334 5. Concluding Issues 347 Works Cited 352 14 Socrates’ Political Philosophy (Charles L. Griswold) 354 1. Socrates as Political Actor 356 2. Reconciling the Ideal and the Actual 365 3. Conclusion 370 Works Cited 373 Further Bibliography 375 15 Socrates in Later Greek Philosophy (A. A. Long) 376 Introduction 376 Doxographical tradition and principal sources 378 Fundamentals of ethics in the Socratic tradition 381 Socratic ignorance, dialectic, and irony 385 Criticism of Socrates 389 Epictetus on the Socratic elenchus 391 Socrates’ divine sign 395 Works Cited 399 Further Reading 400 Socrates Bibliography 402 I. Bibliographies 402 II. Texts and Translations 403 III. Comprehensive Studies 404 IV. Studies of Particular Authors 405 V. Studies of Particular Topics 407 Index of Names and Subjects 412 Index of Passages 422 "The Cambridge Companion to Socrates is a collection of essays providing a comprehensive guide to Socrates, the most famous Greek philosopher. Because Socrates himself wrote nothing, our evidence comes from the writings of his friends (above all Plato), his enemies, and later writers. Socrates is thus a literary figure as well as a historical person. Both aspects of Socrates' legacy are covered in this volume. Socrates' character is full of paradox, and so are his philosophical views. These paradoxes have led to deep differences in scholar's interpretation of Socrates and his thought. Mirroring this wide range of thought about Socrates, this volume's contributors are unusually diverse in their background and perspective. The essays in this volume were authored by classical philologists, philosophers, and historians from Germany, Francophone Canada, Britain, and the United States, and they represent a range of interpretive and philosophical traditions"-- Résumé de l'éditeur Colección de ensayos que proporciona una guía para la comprensión de Sócrates, el filósofo griego más famoso. Aunque Sócrates no escribió nada, nuestra evidencia procede de los escritos de sus amigos (sobre todo de Platón), de sus enemigos y de escritores posteriores. Sócrates es una figura literaria y también una persona histórica, aspectos del legado de Sócrates que son cubiertos en este volumen. El carácter de Sócrates esta lleno de paradojas, al igual que su visión filosófica. Estas paradojas han traido consigo grandes diferencias en las interpretaciones de los eruditos sobre él y su pensamiento. Reflejando este amplio campo del pensamiento sobre Sócrates, los autores de este volumenen son inusualmente diferentes en sus perspectivas y formaciones (psicólogos, filósofos e historiadores de Alemania, del Canadá francófono, Bretaña, y de los Estados Unidos) que representan distintas tradiciones filosóficas y de interpretación