The Cambridge Companion to Kant (Cambridge Companions to Philosophy)

The fundamental task of philosophy since the seventeenth century has been to determine whether the essential principles of both knowledge and action can be discovered by human beings unaided by an external agency. No one philosopher contributed more to this enterprise than Kant, whose Critique of Pure Reason (1781) shook the very foundations of the intellectual world. Kant argued that the basic principles of the natural sciences are imposed on reality by human sensibility and understanding, and thus that human beings are also free to impose their own free and rational agency on the world. This volume is the only systematic and comprehensive account of the full range of Kant's writings available, and the first major overview of his work to be published in more than a dozen years. An internationally recognized team of Kant scholars explore Kant's conceptual revolution in epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of science, moral and political philosophy, aesthetics, and the philosophy of religion. The volume also traces the historical origins and consequences of Kant's work. About the Series ......Page 1 OTHER VOLUMES IN THIS SERIES......Page 4 Titlepage ......Page 5 Copyright ......Page 6 CONTENTS......Page 7 CONTRIBUTORS......Page 9 METHOD OF CITATION......Page 12 PAUL GUYER - Introduction: The starry heavens and the moral law......Page 15 I . THE PROBLEM OF METAPHYSICS IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY GERMANY......Page 40 II. KANT'S EARLY METAPHYSICS, 1746 - 1759......Page 44 III. KANT'S TURBULENT DECADE, 1760-1769......Page 50 IV. RETURN TO METAPHYSICS, 1770 - 1772......Page 60 V. THE SILENT DECADE, 1770 - 1780......Page 66 NOTES......Page 71 I......Page 76 II......Page 81 III......Page 88 Figure 2.1......Page 91 IV......Page 94 NOTES......Page 105 I . KANT'S ARGUMENT......Page 115 Table 3.1......Page 117 Table 3.2......Page 118 II. DIFFICULTIES......Page 119 III. THE NOTION OF SYNTHESIS......Page 124 IV. KANT'S CENTRAL CONTENTION......Page 130 NOTES......Page 133 I......Page 137 II......Page 141 III ......Page 150 IV......Page 160 V......Page 163 NOTES......Page 169 I ......Page 175 II......Page 179 III......Page 184 IV......Page 189 V......Page 195 VI......Page 200 NOTES......Page 206 6 Empirical, rational, and transcendental psychology: Psychology as science and as philosophy by Gary Hatfield......Page 214 I. REFUTATION OF RATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY......Page 215 II. THE DEDUCTION: TRANSCENDENTAL PHILOSOPHY VS. EMPIRICAL PSYCHOLOGY......Page 218 III. THE FIRST CRITIQUE: AN EXERCISE IN TRANSCENDENTAL PSYCHOLOGY?......Page 223 IV. KANT'S OWN RATIONAL AND EMPIRICAL PSYCHOLOGY......Page 231 NOTES......Page 238 7 Reason and the practice of science by Thomas E. Wartenberg ......Page 242 I......Page 243 II......Page 247 III ......Page 252 IV......Page 256 V......Page 259 VI......Page 261 NOTES......Page 262 8 The critique of metaphysics:Kant and traditional ontology......Page 263 I......Page 264 II......Page 269 NOTES......Page 286 I. THE CRITIQUE OF REASON......Page 294 I I . REASON AND LOGIC......Page 295 III. REASON AND UNDERSTANDING......Page 296 IV. IDEAS OF REASON AND STRIVING FOR UNITY......Page 297 V. PRECEPTS AND IDEAS OF REASON......Page 299 VI. UNITY OF REASON VS. THE PLURALITY OF ITS PRECEPTS......Page 300 VII. REASON IN THE PREFACES: DISINTEGRATIONOR SELF-DISCIPLINE?......Page 301 VIII. VINDICATING REASON: A REFORMULATION......Page 302 IX. DOCTRTNE OF METHOD: THE BUILDING OFREASON......Page 303 X. REFLEXIVITY AND THE BUILDING OF REASON......Page 304 XI. THE DOCTRINE OF METHOD: WHAT DOES KANTVINDICATE?......Page 306 XII. THE DOCTRINE OF METHOD: KANT'S PROPOSALS......Page 308 XIII. SELECTED CORROBORATIONS OF THE INTERPRETATION......Page 311 XIV. CONFIRMATIONS AND OBJECTIONS......Page 316 NOTES......Page 319 I......Page 323 II......Page 325 III ......Page 328 IV......Page 329 V......Page 332 VI......Page 335 VII......Page 339 VIII......Page 342 IX......Page 345 NOTES......Page 347 11 Politics, freedom, and order: Kant's political philosophy by Wolfgang Kersting ......Page 356 I. ELEMENTS OF THE CONCEPT OF RIGHT......Page 358 II. KANT'S FOUNDATION OF PRIVATE PROPERTY......Page 362 III. THE NATURAL CONDITION - PROPERTY - THE STATE......Page 365 IV. THE CONTRACTUS ORIGINARIUS AND THE A PRIORI PRINCIPLES OF THE CIVIL CONDITION......Page 367 V. REPUBLICANISM, REFORM, AND THE PROHIBITION OF REVOLUTION......Page 372 VI. THE HIGHEST POLITICAL GOOD......Page 375 NOTES......Page 378 I. CRITIQUE OF JUDGMENT......Page 381 II. TASTE......Page 384 The four moments......Page 386 Deduction......Page 389 Dialectic......Page 392 III. SUBLIMITY......Page 395 IV. GENIUS......Page 399 NOTES......Page 407 I. BACKGROUND......Page 408 II. RATIONAL THEOLOGY......Page 411 III. THE MORAL ARGUMENTS......Page 415 IV. MORAL FAITH......Page 417 V. RELIGION......Page 420 VI. THE CHURCH......Page 422 VII. REASON AND REVELATION......Page 425 VIII. KANT AS A RELIGIOUS THINKER......Page 427 NOTES......Page 429 I ......Page 431 II......Page 432 III ......Page 437 IV......Page 441 V......Page 445 VI......Page 450 VII......Page 454 NOTES......Page 455 BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 463 ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS......Page 464 Individual works......Page 465 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT......Page 467 BIOGRAPHIES AND GENERAL SURVEYS......Page 468 THEORETICAL PHILOSOPHY: EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS......Page 470 THEORETICAL PHILOSOPHY: PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE......Page 475 PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY: MORAL THEORY......Page 476 PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY: POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY......Page 480 THE THIRD CRITIQUE: COMPREHENSIVE STUDIES AND AESTHETICS......Page 481 PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY......Page 483 REFERENCE WORKS......Page 484 INDEX......Page 486 This is the third in a series of companions to major philosophers that Cambridge will be issuing in the next few years. Each volume will contain specially commissioned essays by an international team of scholars, together with a substantial bibliography and will serve as a reference work for students and nonspecialists. One aim of the series is to dispel the intimidation such readers often feel when faced with the work of a difficult and challenging thinker. This volume is a systematic and comprehensive account of the full range of Kant's writings, providing a valuable overview for the student and advanced scholar alike.