The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 7, Part 2: The Rise of Rome to 220 B.C.

This volume of the second edition of The Cambridge Ancient History traces the history of Rome from its origins to the eve of the Second Punic War. It begins with a survey of sources for early Roman history. An examination of the first discernible traces of the Bronze Age settlement is followed by an assessment of the regal period. The complex and often controversial history of the early republic is analyzed with reference to its internal development, the evolution of its relationships with the Latins, and its ruthless assaults upon various parts of Italy. Later sections discuss the intervention of Pyrrhus and its aftermath which leads to consideration of Rome's relationships with Carthage, the First Punic War, and the beginnings of overseas empire. Cover Title Copyright Contents List of Tables List of Maps List of Text-Figures Preface CHAPTER 1 The sources for early Roman history I. The surviving evidence (a) Literary sources (b) Antiquarian writers (c) Inscriptions (d) Archaeological and other evidence II. The creation of early Roman history (a) The available data (b) Techniques of reconstruction (c) Conclusion CHAPTER 2 Archaic Rome between Latium and Etruria I. Introduction II. Archaeology, urban development and social history III. Sanctuaries and palaces IV. Emporia and shrines at emporia V. Conclusion CHAPTER 3 The origins of Rome I. The problems of context II. The myths of foundation III. Settlement, society and culture in Latium and at Rome IV. The development and growth of Rome V. The Roman kings VI. The social, political and religious structures of the regal period CHAPTER 4 Rome in the fifth century I: the social and economic framework I. The Twelve Tables II. Economy (a) Agriculture (b) Market development and trade (c) Economic changes in the fifth century III. Social structures (a) Introduction (b) Family, agnates and clan (c) Kinsmen, friends and neighbours (d) Comrades and dependants (e) Social stratification CHAPTER 5 Rome in the fifth century II: the citizen community I. Political and constitutional developments (a) The ancient account (b) The consular fasti and the date of the Republic (c) The patriciate and the senate (d) The consulship (e) The dictatorship (f) The consular tribunate (g) The quaestors, quaestores parricidii and duoviri (perduellionis (h) The censorship (i) The assemblies (j) Conclusion II. The plebeian movement (a) Introduction (b) The First Secession and the plebeian officers (c) The Decemvirate, Second Secession and Twelve Tables (d) The character and objectives of the plebeian movement CHAPTER 6 Rome and Latium to 390 B.C. I. The growth of Roman power under the kings II. The fall of the monarchy and its consequences III. The Latin League IV. Rome and her allies in the fifth century V. The incursions of the Sabines, Aequi and Volsci VI. Veii and Rome's offensive VII. The Gallic disaster CHAPTER 7 The recovery of Rome I. Rome's widening horizons II. Economic and social problems in the fourth century: poverty, land hunger and debt III. Constitutional reforms and the rise of the nobility Appendix. The chronology of the fourth century B.C. CHAPTER 8 The conquest of Italy I. Rome's first struggle with the Samnites, the defeat of the Latins and the formation of the Roman commonwealth (a) Latium: incorporated communities (b) Latium: communities not incorporated (c) Communities outside Latium II. The Second Samnite War III. The Roman conquest of Central Italy IV. The Third Samnite War and the completion of the conquest of peninsular Italy V. Rome in the age of the Italian wars (a) Politics and government (b) Economic and cultural developments CHAPTER 9 Rome and Italy in the early third century I. The Roman commonwealth II. The northern frontier: Rome and the Gauls III. The constitution: magistracy and assemblies IV. Nobilitas and senate V. Policies and personalities CHAPTER 10 Pyrrhus I. The conflict between Rome and Tarentum II. Pyrrhus as king of the Molossians. His policy in Greece to 281 B.C. III. Pyrrhus in Tarentum. The battle of Heraclea 280 B.C. IV. New negotiations with Rome. The battle at Ausculum 279 B.C. V. Syracuse calls for help. The Romano-Punic treaty against Pyrrhus 279/8 B.C. VI. Pyrrhus in Sicily VII. Pyrrhus returns to Italy. The battle of Beneventum 275 B.C. VIII. Return to Epirus. The death of Pyrrhus 272 B.C. IX. Epilogue CHAPTER 11 Carthage and Rome I. Carthaginian public and private life (a) The Carthaginian state (b) City and empire (c) Economic and social life II. The Romano-Carthaginian treaties (a) The early treaties (b) The first treaty (c) The second treaty (d) Later treaties III. The First Punic War (a) The Mamertines and war (b) War by land and sea (c) The invasion of Africa (d) Stalemate and checkmate (e) Revolt in Africa and Sardinia Postscript. The emergence of the provincial system CHAPTER 12 Religion in republican Rome I. Sources and methods II. The priests and religious authority III. The place of gods and goddesses in the life of Rome IV. Religion and action V. Adjusting to the new Republic VI. Innovation and change Appendix I. Early Roman chronology II. The consular fasti: 509-220 B.C. Chronological table BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbreviations Bibliography A. General B. Sources and evidence a. Literary and documentary sources b. Epigraphic and numismatic evidence. The development of Roman coinage c. Archaeological evidence C. Geography D. The chronology of early Rome. The fasti consulares E. The 'foundation' of Rome a. The foundation legends b. The origins and development of the city F. The monarchy, the establishment of the Republic and the later aspirants to kingship G. Early Rome a. Social, economic and cultural development b. Law c. Religion d. Political and military institutions H. Early republican Rome: internal politics a. Patriciate and plebs. The 'Struggle of the Orders' to the Lex Hortensia b. Aristocratic politics in the fourth and third centuries I. Latium, the Latins and Rome J. Rome: external relations to 264 B.C. a. The peoples and cultures of pre-Roman Italy b. Roman expansion in Italy c. Pyrrhus K. Rome and Carthage a. Carthage: history, institutions and culture b. The early Romano-Carthaginian treaties c. The First Punic War Over the past half century The Cambridge Ancient History has established itself as a definitive work of reference. The original edition was published in twelve text volumes between 1924 and 1939. Publication of the new edition began in 1970. Every volume of the old edition has been totally re-thought and re-written with new text, maps, illustrations and bibliographies. Some volumes have had to be expanded into two or more parts and the series has been extended by two extra volumes (XIII and XIV) to cover events up to AD 600, bringing the total number of volumes in the set to fourteen. Existing plates to the volumes are available separately. *Profusely illustrated with maps, drawings and tables. *Comprehensive coverage of all aspects of the history of the ancient Mediterranean and Near East from prehistoric times to AD 600 by an international cast of editors and contributors This volume of the The Cambridge Ancient History traces the history of Rome from its origins to the eve of the Second Punic War. It begins with a survey of sources for early Roman history. An examination of the first discernible traces of the Bronze Age settlement is followed by an assessment of the regal period. The complex and often controversial history of the early republic is analyzed with reference to its internal development, the evolution of its relationships with the Latins, and its ruthless assaults upon various parts of Italy. Later sections discuss the intervention of Pyrrhus and its aftermath which leads to consideration of Rome's relationships with Carthage, the First Punic War, and the beginnings of overseas empire. Rome is considered from a different perspective in a chapter on society and religion.