The Brazil Reader: History, Culture, Politics (The Latin America Readers)

From the first encounters between the Portuguese and indigenous peoples in 1500 to the current political turmoil, the history of Brazil is much more complex and dynamic than the usual representations of it as the home of Carnival, soccer, the Amazon, and samba would suggest. This extensively revised and expanded second edition of the bestselling__Brazil Reader__dives deep into the past and present of a country marked by its geographical vastness and cultural, ethnic, and environmental diversity. Containing over one hundred selections—many of which appear in English for the first time and which range from sermons by Jesuit missionaries and poetry to political speeches and biographical portraits of famous public figures, intellectuals, and artists—this collection presents the lived experience of Brazilians from all social and economic classes, racial backgrounds, genders, and political perspectives over the past half-millennia. Whether outlining the legacy of slavery, the roles of women in Brazilian public life, or the importance of political and social movements,__The Brazil Reader__provides an unparalleled look at Brazil’s history, culture, and politics. Cover 1 Contents 10 Acknowledgments 16 Introduction 18 I. Conquest and Colonial Rule, 1500–1579 24 Letter to King Manuel I of Portugal 29 Captaincy Charter Granted to Duarte Coelho 35 Letter from a Jesuit Friar 38 Impressions of a French Calvinist 42 Indigenous Experiences of Colonization 45 On Cannibals 49 On the Customs of the Indians of the Land 52 A Description of the Tupinambá 55 History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil 58 Portraits: Hans Staden 62 II. Sugar and Slavery in the Atlantic World, 1580–1694 66 Letter from a Portuguese Trader 70 Exploration of the Amazon 72 The Inquisition in Brazil 76 Excerpts from the Sermon on the Rosary 81 The Sugar Industry 85 The Dutch Siege of Olinda and Recife 90 An Eyewitness Account of the First Battle of Guararapes 93 Two Documents in the War against Palmares 96 Bandeirantes 101 Portraits: Count Johan Maurits von Nassau-Seigen 103 III. Gold and the New Colonial Order, 1695–1807 108 The Brazilian Gold Rush 114 The Minas Uprising of 1720 117 Expulsion of the Jesuits from Brazil 121 Portugal, Brazil, and The Wealth of Nations 124 Poems from Baroque Minas 127 Tiradentes’s Sentence 134 The Tailors’ Revolt 136 Letter from a Sugar Mill Owner 139 Portraits: Chica da Silva de Oliveira 143 IV. The Portuguese Royal Family in Rio de Janeiro, 1808–1821 148 The Royal Family’s Journey to Brazil 153 Letter from a Son in Brazil to His Father in Portugal 154 Treaty between Portugal and Great Britain 157 Rio de Janeiro’s First Medical School 162 The Influence of the Haitian Revolution in Brazil 165 Petition for Pedro I to Remain in Brazil 168 Speech Given at the Cortes (National Assembly) of Lisbon 171 Portraits: Empress Maria Leopoldina of Brazil 175 V. From Independence to the Abolition of the Slave Trade, 1822–1850 180 On the Declaration of Brazilian Independence 185 Acclamation of Pedro as Emperor of Brazil 187 On Slavery 190 From the Journal of Maria Graham 193 Portugal Recognizes the Brazilian Empire 198 The Malê Revolt 201 How to Write the History of Brazil 204 Scenes from the Slave Trade 207 Cruelty to Slaves 210 The Praieira Revolution Manifesto to the World 214 Portraits: José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva 216 VI. Coffee, the Empire, and Abolition, 1851–1888 222 Memoirs of a Settler in Brazil 228 O Guarani 231 The U.S. Civil War and Slave Rebellions in Brazil 235 The Slave Ship 236 Victims and Executioners 245 The Republican Manifesto 250 Law of the Free Womb 253 Early Brazilian Feminism 257 Letters to the French Mineralogist Claude-Henri Gorceix 260 Selections from Abolitionism 263 A Critique of José de Alencar’s O Guarani 267 Abolition Decree 270 Portraits: Emperor Dom Pedro II 272 VII. Republican Brazil and the Onset of Modernization, 1889–1929 278 Hymn of the Proclamation of the Republic 285 The Human Races 288 Os Sertões or Rebellion in the Backlands 291 The Owner’s Pastry Shop 294 Revolt of the Whip 299 Three Types of Bureaucrats 302 On the Mestizo in Brazil 307 Demands of the São Paulo General Strike of 1917 312 Brazil and World War I 315 The Cannibalist Manifesto (Manifesto Antropófago) 317 Macunaíma 326 Revolutionary Manifestos from the Tenentes Revolts 328 An Essay on Brazilian Sadness 333 Portraits: Tarsila do Amaral 335 VIII. Getúlio Vargas, the Estado Novo, and World War II, 1930–1945 338 From the Platform of the Liberal Alliance 342 Prestes’s Declaration about the Liberal Alliance 344 The Masters and the Slaves 347 Speech by the First Woman Elected to Congress in Brazil 352 Manifesto of the National Liberating Alliance 357 The Cordial Man 361 Vargas and the Estado Novo 366 Rubber and the Allies’ War Effort 370 Portraits: Patrícia Galvão (Pagú) 375 IX. Democratic Governance and Developmentalism, 1946–1964 380 Telenovelas in Constructing the Country of the Future 386 The Oil Is Ours 391 An Unrelenting Critic of Vargas 395 Vargas’s Suicide Letter 397 The Life of a Factory Worker 400 Operation Pan America 404 Excerpts from Child of the Dark 408 Education as a Practice of Freedom 413 Letter of Manumission for the Brazilian Peasant 416 Brazil’s New Foreign Policy 419 Development and the Northeast 423 President João Goulart’s Speech at Central do Brasil 428 March of the Family with God for Freedom 431 The U.S. Government and the 1964 Coup d’État 433 Portraits: Oscar Niemeyer 437 X. The Generals in Power and the Fight for Democracy, 1964–1985 444 Institutional Act No. 1 452 A U.S. Senator Supports the New Military Government 456 The Brazilian Revolution 459 The Myth of Racial Democracy 462 A Brazilian Congressional Representative Speaks Out 466 Institutional Act No. 5 468 Letter from the Ilha Grande Prison 471 The Kidnapping of the U.S. Ambassador 474 A Letter to Pope Paul VI 477 Two Presidents at the White House 483 National Security and the Araguaian Guerrillas 488 What Color Are You?, National Household Sample Study, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics 491 Second-Wave Brazilian Feminism 496 LGBT Rights and Democracy 498 The Movement for Political Amnesty 501 Lula’s May Day Speech to Brazilian Workers 506 Portraits: Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil 509 XI. Redemocratization and the New Global Economy, 1985–Present 514 Forty Seconds of AIDS 523 Affirmative Action in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 527 A Young Voice from the MST 531 World Social Forum Charter of Principles 536 The Bolsa Família Program 540 Music, Culture, and Globalization 543 The Inaugural Speech of Brazil’s First Female President 548 The June Revolts 553 Portraits: Herbert Daniel 558 Suggestions for Further Reading 572 Brazil in the Movies 582 Acknowledgment of Copyrights and Sources 592 Index 602 A 602 B 602 C 603 D 604 E 604 F 605 G 605 H 605 I 605 J 606 K 606 L 606 M 606 N 607 O 607 P 608 Q 608 R 608 S 609 T 610 U 610 V 610 W 611 X 611 Z 611 Color Plates 564 “From the first encounters between the Portuguese and indigenous peoples in 1500 to the current political turmoil, the history of Brazil is much more complex and dynamic than the usual representations of it as the home of Carnival, soccer, the Amazon, and samba would suggest. This extensively revised and expanded second edition of the best-selling Brazil Reader dives deep into the past and present of a country marked by its geographical vastness and cultural, ethnic, and environmental diversity. Containing over one hundred selections--many of which appear in English for the first time and which range from sermons by Jesuit missionaries and poetry to political speeches and biographical portraits of famous public figures, intellectuals, and artists--this collection presents the lived experience of Brazilians from all social and economic classes, racial backgrounds, genders, and political perspectives over the past half millennium. Whether outlining the legacy of slavery, the roles of women in Brazilian public life, or the importance of political and social movements, The Brazil Reader provides an unparalleled look at Brazil's history, culture, and politics." -- Provided by the publisher "From the first encounters between the Portuguese and indigenous peoples in 1500 to the current political turmoil, the history of Brazil is much more complex and dynamic than the usual representations of it as the home of Carnival, soccer, the Amazon, and samba would suggest. This extensively revised and expanded second edition of the best-selling Brazil Reader dives deep into the past and present of a country marked by its geographical vastness and cultural, ethnic, and environmental diversity. Containing over one hundred selections--many of which appear in English for the first time and which range from sermons by Jesuit missionaries and poetry to political speeches and biographical portraits of famous public figures, intellectuals, and artists--this collection presents the lived experience of Brazilians from all social and economic classes, racial backgrounds, genders, and political perspectives over the past half millennium. Whether outlining the legacy of slavery, the roles of women in Brazilian public life, or the importance of political and social movements, The Brazil Reader provides an unparalleled look at Brazil's history, culture, and politics."--Publisher's website From the first encounters between the Portuguese and indigenous peoples in 1500 to the current political turmoil, the history of Brazil is much more complex and dynamic than the usual representations of it as the home of Carnival, soccer, the Amazon, and samba would suggest. This extensively revised and expanded second edition of the bestselling Brazil Reader dives deep into the past and present of a country marked by its geographical vastness and cultural, ethnic, and environmental diversity. Containing over one hundred selections—many of which appear in English for the first time and which range from sermons by Jesuit missionaries and poetry to political speeches and biographical portraits of famous public figures, intellectuals, and artists—this collection presents the lived experience of Brazilians from all social and economic classes, racial backgrounds, genders, and political perspectives over the past half-millennia. Whether outlining the legacy of slavery, the roles of women in Brazilian public life, or the importance of political and social movements, The Brazil Reader provides an unparalleled look at Brazil’s history, culture, and politics. Containing over one hundred selections—many of which appear in English for the first time—this extensively revised and expanded second edition of the bestselling Brazil Reader presents the lived experience of Brazilians from all social and economic classes, racial backgrounds, genders, and political perspectives over the past half-millennia.