همراه بلومزبری با سقراط (همراهان بلومزبری)

"Socrates, the largely enigmatic Greek thinker, is universally considered to have laid the foundations of western philosophy. His philosophy, available to us through the early dialogues of Plato and the writings of his contemporaries, has had a remarkably enduring influence on virtually every area of philosophical enterprise. This comprehensive and accessible guide to Socrates life and death, character and philosophical concerns, features thirteen specially commissioned sections, written by a team of leading experts in the field of ancient philosophy, covering every aspect of Socratic thought. The Companion presents a comprehensive overview of the various features, themes and topics apparent in Socrates' thought, including Socratic irony, metaphysics, epistemology, happiness, virtue, moral psychology, philosophy of love, political philosophy, and religious belief. It concludes with a thoroughly comprehensive bibliography of primary and secondary sources. This is an essential reference tool for anyone working in the field of ancient philosophy."--Publisher's description Cover 1 HalfTitle 2 Series 3 Title 4 Copyright 5 Contents 6 Preface 7 List of Abbreviations 8 List of Contributors 10 1. THE QUEST FOR THE HISTORICAL SOCRATES 12 INTRODUCTION 12 QUOT HOMINES, TOT SENTENTIAE 13 MODERN SCHOLARSHIP 15 SOURCE CRITICISM 18 A NEW FOUNDATION 24 CONCLUSION 29 2. SOCRATIC IRONY 31 PLAY IN PLATO’S DIALOGUES 31 VARIETIES OF PLATONIC AND SOCRATIC IRONY 32 SOCRATIC IRONY AND EIRŌNEIA 33 IRONY IN THE EUTHYPHRO 36 IRONY AND THE DISAVOWAL OF KNOWLEDGE 39 AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO IRONY? 41 CONCLUSION 44 3. SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHIZING 45 INTRODUCTION 45 THE ‘SOCRATIC ELENCHUS’ 45 ORGANIZATION OF THE DISCUSSION 46 VLASTOS (1983A) 48 KRAUT (1983) 49 VLASTOS (1983b) 51 BRICKHOUSE AND SMITH (1984a) 51 POLANSKY (1985) 53 BENSON (1987) 55 BENSON (1990B) 56 BRICKHOUSE AND SMITH (1991) 57 BENSON (1995) 60 ADAMS (1998) 61 SCOTT (2002) 62 TARRANT (2002) 63 CARPENTER AND POLANSKY (2002) 64 BENSON (2002) 64 MCPHERRAN (2002B) 65 BRICKHOUSE AND SMITH (2002B) 67 WOLFSDORF (2003) 68 FORSTER (2006) 69 MCPHERRAN (2007) 71 SANTANA (2007) 74 SANTANA (2009) 75 PROSPECTS FOR FURTHER STUDY 77 4. SOCRATIC METAPHYSICS 79 INTRODUCTION 79 THE ANTI-METAPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION 82 THE METAPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION 94 CONCLUSION 102 5. SOCRATIC IGNORANCE AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE 105 INTRODUCTION 105 TWO QUESTIONS 107 SOCRATES’ DISAVOWALS 108 SOCRATIC KNOWLEDGE 118 RESTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM OF SOCRATIC IGNORANCE AND A SURVEY OF PROPOSED SOLUTIONS 127 6. THE PRIORITY OF DEFINITION 147 INTRODUCTION 147 THE PRINCIPLE 148 SOCRATES’ ENDORSEMENT OF (PD)? 150 CONCLUSION 166 7. SOCRATIC EUDAIMONISM 167 WHAT IS EUDAIMONIA ? 167 WHAT IS EUDAIMONISM? 167 WHAT IS SOCRATIC EUDAIMONISM? 168 SOME INTERPRETATIONS 170 A NOMOLOGICAL RATHER THAN LOGICAL APPROACH 173 A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO EUDAIMONISM 175 EUDAIMONIA AS AN OBJECTIVE GOAL FOR EACH HUMAN BEING 176 EUDAIMONIA : THE INEVITABLE OBJECT OF OUR DESIRES AND PURSUITS 178 THE SOCRATIC DENIAL OF AKRASIA 181 KNOWLEDGE: THE DETERMINING FACTOR IN EUDAIMONIA 184 IT IS ALWAYS OUR OWN EUDAIMONIA THAT WE SEEK 190 PURSUIT OF OUR OWN EUDAIMONIA NECESSITATES CONCERN FOR THE WELL-BEING OF OTHERS 190 CONCLUSION 194 8. SOCRATIC MORAL PSYCHOLOGY 196 SOCRATIC INTELLECTUALISM 196 SOCRATIC COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 198 SOCRATIC MOTIVATIONAL INTELLECTUALISM 201 MORAL PSYCHOLOGY AND CHANGING BEHAVIOUR 208 WRONGDOING AND DAMAGE TO THE SOUL 214 VIRTUE INTELLECTUALISM 218 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 219 9. SOCRATES ON LOVE 221 INTRODUCTION: SOCRATES AS LOVER 221 DO LYSIS’ PARENTS LOVE HIM? 224 SOCRATES’ POSITIVE PROPOSAL 225 INTERPRETIVE PROBLEMS FOR THE POSITIVE PROPOSAL 229 THE VLASTOS OBJECTION 233 CONCLUSION 241 10. SOCRATES’ POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 244 INTRODUCTION 244 SOCRATES’ POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY 245 INTERPRETATIONS AND CONTROVERSIES 247 POLITICS AND JUSTICE IN SOCRATES’ THOUGHT 262 CONCLUSION 266 11. SOCRATIC THEOLOGY AND PIETY 268 HISTORY OF THE PROBLEM 268 GREEK RELIGION 270 THE PUZZLES OF ‘SOCRATIC RELIGION’ 271 SOCRATIC PIETY AND PHILOSOPHY 273 SOCRATIC REASON AND REVELATION 277 SOCRATIC THEOLOGY 281 SOCRATES ON TRIAL 283 12. SOCRATES’ RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCES 287 INTRODUCTION 287 VARIETIES OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE 288 SOCRATES, GREEK RELIGION AND APOLLO 289 SOCRATES’ TRIAL AND THE DELPHIC ORACLE 290 INTERPRETING THE ORACLE 294 THE DAIMONION 295 THE IDENTITY OF THE DAIMONION 299 SOCRATES AND PROPHECY 301 THE DAIMONION AND REASON 302 OTHER APOLLONIAN RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCES 304 DIONYSIAN EXPERIENCES 306 13. THE POLITICS OF IMPIETY: WHY WAS SOCRATES PROSECUTED BY THE ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY? 312 INTRODUCTION 312 THE STANDARD POSITIONS AND THE DIFFICULTY 313 THE AMNESTY 314 ANCIENT TESTIMONY 316 THE EXTREME POLITICAL INTERPRETATION 318 THE MODERATE POLITICAL INTERPRETATION 325 THE RELIGIOUS INTERPRETATION 330 THE MIXED MOTIVATIONS THEORY 334 CONCLUSIONS 336 Notes 339 Bibliography 390 Index 418 Featuring chapters by leading international scholars in ancient philosophy, this is a comprehensive one volume reference guide to Socrates' thought. Socrates, the largely enigmatic Greek thinker, has had a remarkably enduring influence on virtually every area of philosophical enterprise. The Bloomsbury Companion to Socrates introduces readers to the main issues in the philosophy of Socrates. With 13 different sections, this Companion presents an overview of current research in the various features, themes and topics apparent in Socrates' thought, including Socratic irony, metaphysics, epistemology, happiness, virtue, moral psychology, philosophy of love, political philosophy, and religious belief. With additional chapters on the historical Socrates and his prosecution by the democracy of Athens, this is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to Socrates' life and death, character and philosophical concerns. Written by a team of leading experts in the field of ancient philosophy and concluding with a thoroughly comprehensive bibliography of primary and secondary sources, The Bloomsbury Companion to Socrates is an essential introduction to this founder of Western philosophy The quest for the historical Socrates / Robin Waterfield Socratic irony / Iakovos Vasiliou Socratic philosophizing / David Wolfsdorf Socratric metaphysics / William J. Prior Socratic ignorance and types of knowledge / Keith McPartland The priority of definition / Hugh H. Benson Socratic eudaimonism / Naomi Reshotko Socratic moral psychology / Thomas C. Brickhouse and Nicholas D. Smith Socrates on love / Suzanne Obdrzalek Socrates' political philosophy / Curtis N. Johnson Socratic theology and piety / Mark L. McPherran Socrates' religious experiences / John Bussanich The politics of impiety: why was Socrates prosecuted by the Athenian democracy? / Mark Ralkowski.