The Black Experience in America: From Civil Rights to the Present (African American History and Culture) (African American History and Culture (Hardcover))

The outlawing of desegregation and attainment of equal rights facilitated a new era of possibility throughout American society. This book details the historic deeds that redefined the American landscape since the 1940s, examining the explosion of creativity that ensued in the areas of literature, music, and sports as African Americans explore new opportunities and prospects. TITLE 4 COPYRIGHT 5 CONTENTS 6 INTRODUCTION 11 CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW: WORLD WAR II TO THE PRESENT 18 WORLD WAR II 18 THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 20 URBAN UPHEAVAL 22 A NEW DIRECTION 25 POLITICAL PROGRESS 26 OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS TO AMERICAN LIFE 27 TELEVISION AND FILM 27 LITERATURE 29 MUSIC 29 SPORTS 30 CHAPTER 2 THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND FREEDOM STRUGGLE 31 THE MOVEMENT 31 ABOLITIONISM TO JIM CROW 32 DU BOIS TO BROWN 34 MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT TO THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT 35 FROM BLACK POWER TO THE ASSASSINATION OF MARTIN LUTHER KING 39 INTO THE 21ST CENTURY 40 ACTIVISM, ACTION, AND ACTS 41 AFFIRMATIVE ACTION 41 BAKKE DECISION 43 BLACK NATIONALISM 44 BLACK PANTHER PARTY 44 BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA 45 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT 45 CONGRESS OF RACIAL EQUALITY (CORE) 46 FREEDOM RIDES 47 RACIAL SEGREGATION 48 SIT-IN 49 SOUTHERN CHRISTIANTHE LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE (SCLC) 49 STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE (SNCC) 50 TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS STUDY 50 SWANN V. CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG BOARD OF EDUCATION 52 VOTING RIGHTS ACT 53 CHAPTER 3 AFRICAN AMERICAN LITERATURE SINCE WORLD WAR II 55 JAMES BALDWIN 55 AFRICAN AMERICAN THEATRE 57 ALICE CHILDRESS 58 THE LITERATURE OF CIVIL RIGHTS 59 GWENDOLYN BROOKS 59 AMIRI BARAKA 60 THE BLACK ARTS MOVEMENT 60 RECONCEPTUALIZING BLACKNESS 63 RENAISANCE IN THE 1970S 65 TONI MORRISON 65 ALICE WALKER 68 THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY 69 AUGUST WILSON 71 AFRICAN AMERICAN ROOTS 73 CHAPTER 4 JAZZ 75 FIELD HOLLERS AND FUNERAL PROCESSIONS: FORMING THE MATRIX 76 RAGTIME INTO JAZZ: THE BIRTH OF JAZZ IN NEW ORLEANS 81 THE CORNETIST BREAKS AWAY: LOUIS ARMSTRONG AND THE INVENTION OF SWING 84 ARMSTRONG’S INFLUENCE 84 ORCHESTRAL JAZZ 87 THE PRECURSORS OF MODERN JAZZ AND THE POPULARIZATION OF SWING 91 THE RETURN OF THE COMBO AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE TERRITORY BANDS 95 JAZZ AT THE CROSSROADS 97 COOL JAZZ ENTERS THE SCENE 99 FREE JAZZ: THE EXPLORATIONS OF ORNETTE COLEMAN 102 JAZZ AT THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY 104 CHAPTER 5 GOSPEL, BLUES, R&B, AND DOO-WOP 107 GOSPEL MUSIC 108 BLUES 111 RHYTHM AND BLUES 115 THE ORIGINS OF RHYTHM AND BLUES 115 INDEPENDENT RECORD LABELS 117 RHYTHM AND BLUES IN THE ERA OF ROCK AND ROLL 121 DOO-WOP 123 CHAPTER 6 SOUL, MOTOWN, DISCO, FUNK, HIP-HOP, AND HOUSE 126 SOUL MUSIC 126 MOTOWN 133 DISCO 138 FUNK 139 HIP-HOP 142 ORIGINS AND THE OLD SCHOOL 142 THE NEW SCHOOL 145 HIP-HOP IN THE 21ST CENTURY 149 HOUSE 152 CHAPTER 7 SPORTS 154 BASEBALL 154 SEGREGATION 155 INTEGRATION 161 BOXING 165 BASKETBALL 167 FOOTBALL 172 EPILOGUE 177 TIMELINE: WORLD WAR II TO PRESENT 178 1942–59: THE BIRTH OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 178 1960–69: BLACK POWER 181 1970–90: MAYORS, CONGRESSMEN, AND ASTRONAUTS 185 1991–PRESENT : THE SPIRIT OF THE MILENIUM 189 APPENDIX: PRIMARY SOURCES 192 EARL WAREN: BROWN ET AL.V.BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA ET AL. 192 BARACK OBAMA: KEYNOTE ADDRES AT THE 2004 DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION 199 BARACK OBAMA: A MORE PERFECT UNION (2008) 203 BARACK OBAMA: INAUGURAL ADDRESS 213 GLOSSARY 219 BIBLIOGRAPHY 221 CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 221 LITERATURE 221 JAZZ 221 BLUES, RHYTHM AND BLUES, SOUL, GOSPEL, FUNK, AND HIP-HOP 222 SPORTS 222 INDEX 223 BACK COVER 232 1615301461,9781615301461,1615301771,9781615301775 TITLE......Page 4 COPYRIGHT......Page 5 CONTENTS......Page 6 INTRODUCTION......Page 11 WORLD WAR II......Page 18 THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT......Page 20 URBAN UPHEAVAL......Page 22 A NEW DIRECTION......Page 25 POLITICAL PROGRESS......Page 26 TELEVISION AND FILM......Page 27 MUSIC......Page 29 SPORTS......Page 30 THE MOVEMENT......Page 31 ABOLITIONISM TO JIM CROW......Page 32 DU BOIS TO BROWN......Page 34 MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT TO THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT......Page 35 FROM BLACK POWER TO THE ASSASSINATION OF MARTIN LUTHER KING......Page 39 INTO THE 21ST CENTURY......Page 40 AFFIRMATIVE ACTION......Page 41 BAKKE DECISION......Page 43 BLACK PANTHER PARTY......Page 44 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT......Page 45 CONGRESS OF RACIAL EQUALITY (CORE)......Page 46 FREEDOM RIDES......Page 47 RACIAL SEGREGATION......Page 48 SOUTHERN CHRISTIANTHE LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE (SCLC)......Page 49 TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS STUDY......Page 50 SWANN V. CHARLOTTE-MECKLENBURG BOARD OF EDUCATION......Page 52 VOTING RIGHTS ACT......Page 53 JAMES BALDWIN......Page 55 AFRICAN AMERICAN THEATRE......Page 57 ALICE CHILDRESS......Page 58 GWENDOLYN BROOKS......Page 59 THE BLACK ARTS MOVEMENT......Page 60 RECONCEPTUALIZING BLACKNESS......Page 63 TONI MORRISON......Page 65 ALICE WALKER......Page 68 THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY......Page 69 AUGUST WILSON......Page 71 AFRICAN AMERICAN ROOTS......Page 73 CHAPTER 4 JAZZ......Page 75 FIELD HOLLERS AND FUNERAL PROCESSIONS: FORMING THE MATRIX......Page 76 RAGTIME INTO JAZZ: THE BIRTH OF JAZZ IN NEW ORLEANS......Page 81 ARMSTRONG’S INFLUENCE......Page 84 ORCHESTRAL JAZZ......Page 87 THE PRECURSORS OF MODERN JAZZ AND THE POPULARIZATION OF SWING......Page 91 THE RETURN OF THE COMBO AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE TERRITORY BANDS......Page 95 JAZZ AT THE CROSSROADS......Page 97 COOL JAZZ ENTERS THE SCENE......Page 99 FREE JAZZ: THE EXPLORATIONS OF ORNETTE COLEMAN......Page 102 JAZZ AT THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY......Page 104 CHAPTER 5 GOSPEL, BLUES, R&B, AND DOO-WOP......Page 107 GOSPEL MUSIC......Page 108 BLUES......Page 111 THE ORIGINS OF RHYTHM AND BLUES......Page 115 INDEPENDENT RECORD LABELS......Page 117 RHYTHM AND BLUES IN THE ERA OF ROCK AND ROLL......Page 121 DOO-WOP......Page 123 SOUL MUSIC......Page 126 MOTOWN......Page 133 DISCO......Page 138 FUNK......Page 139 ORIGINS AND THE OLD SCHOOL......Page 142 THE NEW SCHOOL......Page 145 HIP-HOP IN THE 21ST CENTURY......Page 149 HOUSE......Page 152 BASEBALL......Page 154 SEGREGATION......Page 155 INTEGRATION......Page 161 BOXING......Page 165 BASKETBALL......Page 167 FOOTBALL......Page 172 EPILOGUE......Page 177 1942–59: THE BIRTH OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT......Page 178 1960–69: BLACK POWER......Page 181 1970–90: MAYORS, CONGRESSMEN, AND ASTRONAUTS......Page 185 1991–PRESENT : THE SPIRIT OF THE MILENIUM......Page 189 EARL WAREN: BROWN ET AL.V.BOARD OF EDUCATION OF TOPEKA ET AL.......Page 192 BARACK OBAMA: KEYNOTE ADDRES AT THE 2004 DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION......Page 199 BARACK OBAMA: A MORE PERFECT UNION (2008)......Page 203 BARACK OBAMA: INAUGURAL ADDRESS......Page 213 GLOSSARY......Page 219 JAZZ......Page 221 SPORTS......Page 222 INDEX......Page 223 BACK COVER......Page 232 "Resilience and triumph in the face of a tragic past has marked the trajectory of African Americans over time. Marginalized and relegated to slave status, early African Americans encountered endless obstacles in trying to secure freedom and basic human rights. The remarkable achievements of African Americans and the struggles - past and present - with which they have been confronted, are the subjects of this engrossing series. From heart-breaking to awe-inspiring, the accounts described within these pages leave the reader with new insight and appreciation for this extraordinary culture - and the individuals whose accomplishments and sacrifices have made it what it is today. Explores life in Africa prior to the emergence of the slave trade ; Covers current as well as historical events ; Includes striking photographs of notable events and individuals"--Publisher's website Mobilized by a common cause and the courage of their convictions, African Americans were able to organize a large-scale upheaval of entrenched national traditions following World War II. While many of these accomplishments predate the civil rights movement, the outlawing of desegregation and attainment of equal rights facilitated a new era of possibility throughout American society. This book details the historic deeds that redefined the American landscape since the 194s, examining the explosion of creativity that ensued in the areas of literature, music, and sports as African Americans explore new opportunities and prospects. BOOK COVER; TITLE; COPYRIGHT; CONTENTS; INTRODUCTION; CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW: WORLD WAR II TO THE PRESENT; CHAPTER 2 THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND FREEDOM STRUGGLE; CHAPTER 3 AFRICAN AMERICAN LITERATURE SINCE WORLD WAR II; CHAPTER 4 JAZZ; CHAPTER 5 GOSPEL, BLUES, R&B, AND DOO-WOP; CHAPTER 6 SOUL, MOTOWN, DISCO, FUNK, HIP-HOP, AND HOUSE; CHAPTER 7 SPORTS; APPENDIX: PRIMARY SOURCES; GLOSSARY; BIBLIOGRAPHY; INDEX; BACK COVER;