The battle behind the wire : U.S. prisoner and detainee operations from World War II to Iraq ; prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense

Although Prisoner Of War And Detainee Operations Ultimately Tend To Become Quite Extensive, Military Planners And Policymakers Have Repeatedly Treated Such Operations As An Afterthought. In Reality, Such Operations Can Be A Central Part Of The Successful Prosecution Of A Conflict. Determining How To Gain Knowledge From, Hold, Question, Influence, And Release Captured Adversaries Can Be An Important Component Of Military Strategy And Doctrine, Both During The Conflict And In Reconstruction Afterward. This Monograph Finds Parallels In U.s. Prisoner And Detainee Operations In World War Ii, Korea, Vietnam, And Iraq: Underestimation Of The Number To Be Held, Hasty Scrambling For Resources To Meet Operational Needs, And Inadequate Doctrine And Policy. During The Later Phases Of Military Operations, An Attempt Is Often Made To Educate Prisoners And Detainees And Influence Their Social And Political Values. The Results Of A Survey By Rand Researchers Of Iraq Detainees Contravene Many Assumptions That Had Been Guiding Decisions Related To Detainee Operations. The Survey Found That Local And Personal Motives, Along With Nationalism, Were More Prevalent Than Religious Ones And That Detainees Were Often Economic Opportunists Rather Than Illiterates Seeking Economic Subsistence Through The Insurgency. Recommendations Include That Detailed Doctrine Should Be In Place Prior To Detention And That Detainees Should Be Surveyed When First Detained. The Recurring Importance Of Prisoner And Detainee Operations -- U.s. Programs For German Prisoners In World War Ii -- Korean War Prisoner Programs -- Prisoner And Detainee Operations In Vietnam -- Detainee Operations In Iraq -- Conclusions And Recommendations -- Appendix: The Legal Source Of Mnf-i's Authority To Intern For Security. Cheryl Benard ... [et Al.]. Rand National Defense Research Institute. This Research Was Sponsored By The Office Of The Secretary Of Defense And Conducted Within The International Security And Defense Policy Center Of The Rand National Defense Research Institute--pref. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 97-102). Content: The recurring importance of prisoner and detainee operations -- U.S. programs for German prisoners in World War II -- Korean war prisoner programs -- Prisoner and detainee operations in Vietnam -- Detainee operations in Iraq -- Conclusions and recommendations -- Appendix: The legal source of MNF-I's authority to intern for security. Abstract: Although prisoner of war and detainee operations ultimately tend to become quite extensive, military planners and policymakers have repeatedly treated such operations as an afterthought. In reality, such operations can be a central part of the successful prosecution of a conflict. Determining how to gain knowledge from, hold, question, influence, and release captured adversaries can be an important component of military strategy and doctrine, both during the conflict and in reconstruction afterward. This monograph finds parallels in U.S. prisoner and detainee operations in World War II, Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq: underestimation of the number to be held, hasty scrambling for resources to meet operational needs, and inadequate doctrine and policy. During the later phases of military operations, an attempt is often made to educate prisoners and detainees and influence their social and political values. The results of a survey by RAND researchers of Iraq detainees contravene many assumptions that had been guiding decisions related to detainee operations. The survey found that local and personal motives, along with nationalism, were more prevalent than religious ones and that detainees were often economic opportunists rather than illiterates seeking economic subsistence through the insurgency. Recommendations include that detailed doctrine should be in place prior to detention and that detainees should be surveyed when first detained This report finds parallels in U.S. prisoner and detainee operations in World War II, Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq: underestimation of the number to be held, hasty scrambling for resources, and inadequate doctrine and policy. Later, attempts to educate and influence prisoners and detainees are often made. The authors recommend that detailed doctrine should be in place prior to detention and that detainees should be interviewed when first detained.