The Battle Against Anarchist Terrorism : An International History, 1878–1934

"This is the first global history of the secret diplomatic and police campaign that was waged against anarchist terrorism from 1878 to the 1920s. Anarchist terrorism was at that time the dominant form of terrorism and for many continued to be synonymous with terrorism as late as the 1930s. Ranging from Europe and the Americas to the Middle East and Asia, Richard Bach Jensen explores how anarchist terrorism emerged as a global phenomenon during the first great era of economic and social globalization at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries and reveals why some nations were so much more successful in combating this new threat than others. He shows how the challenge of dealing with this new form of terrorism led to the fundamental modernization of policing in many countries and also discusses its impact on criminology and international law"-- Provided by publisher Cover The Battle against Anarchist Terrorism Title Copyright Dedication Contents Illustrations Abbreviations Foreword Preface Introduction 1 The origins of anarchist terrorism The development of the anarchist movement in nineteenth-century Europe The emergence of anarchist terrorism Anarchist terrorism after 1878 Anarchist terrorism in the 1890s 2 Conspiracies, panics, agents provocateurs, mass journalism, and globalization Anarchist conspiracies? Anarchist terrorism and moral panics Informers and agents provocateurs Anarchist terrorism and the age of mass journalism Globalization and anarchist terrorism Conclusion 3 International action against subversives: 1815–1889 Fears of subversion and the re-emergence of international police cooperation after 1870 Conclusion 4 The terrorist 1890s and increasing police cooperation: 1890–1898 Spain proposes an international anti-anarchist accord, 1893 Italian policy, 1892–1896 Germany and anti-anarchist policing Bilateral anti-anarchist police accords: 1894–1896 Argentina, Italy, and the anarchist menace, 1885–1898119 Spain, Europe, and the anarchists: 1893–1898 The international question of anarchist expulsions, 1894–1898 The British response to anarchism Bomb disposal in Britain and France Conclusion 5 The first international conference on terrorism: Rome 1898 Lucheni’s motivation Reactions to the assassination of the Empress Elisabeth Negotiations for joint actions against Switzerland and the anarchists German policy and the anti-anarchist conference Italy, the Vatican, and the proposed conference site Why did Britain agree to attend the anti-anarchist conference? The French attitude The Rome conference opens and defines anarchism Administrative issues and secret police sessions The impact of the Rome conference Increased police cooperation and a crackdown on anarchism, 1898–1900 Bilateral anti-anarchist accords and police reorganization, September 1898–May 1899 Conclusion 6 1900: three assassination attempts and the Russo-German anti-anarchist initiative Sipido’s attempt on the prince of Wales The assassination of Umberto I of Italy Defects in Umberto’s security guard and its reform A revolution in protection for heads of state? Italian policing abroad American efforts to track down the alleged anarchist conspiracy Italian secret police to New York and Buenos Aires, 1900 Italian anti-anarchist legislation? The attempt on the Persian shah; Turkey and Spain appeal for more anti-anarchist cooperation, August 1900 The Russo-German anti-anarchist proposals of September 1900 Conclusion 7 The murder of President McKinley, 1901 Czolgosz’s motivations Lack of presidential security American anti-anarchist legislation Conclusion 8 The St. Petersburg Protocol, 1901–1904 Britain and the Russo-German proposals France, Italy, and the United States The rupture of diplomatic relations between Switzerland and Italy The St. Petersburg Protocol of 1904 Conclusion 9 Multilateral anti-anarchist efforts after 1904 The implementation of the St. Petersburg accord The revival of anarchist terrorism, the May 1906 Madrid bombing, and new calls for international cooperation Spain and Anglo-French police cooperation The deficiencies of the Spanish police Arrow’s police in Barcelona Germany and Russia after 1906 The St. Petersburg Protocol, 1906–1918 Decline of the St. Petersburg “system” Conclusion 10 The decline of anarchist terrorism, 1900–1930s Italy Britain and Germany France Spain Argentina Epilogue: anti-anarchist policing and anarchist terrorism after 1914 Appendix A The Final Act of the Anti-Anarchist Conference of Rome, 1898 Appendix B St. Petersburg Protocol, 1/14 March 19041 Appendix to the 1/14 March 1904 Protocol. Select bibliography Archival sources Primary printed sources Secondary sources: selected articles, books, and pamphlets Index "This is the first global history of the secret diplomatic and police campaign that was waged against anarchist terrorism from 1878 to the 1920s. Anarchist terrorism was at that time the dominant form of terrorism and for many continued to be synonymous with terrorism as late as the 1930s. Ranging from Europe and the Americas to the Middle East and Asia, Richard Bach Jensen explores how anarchist terrorism emerged as a global phenomenon during the first great era of economic and social globalization at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries and reveals why some nations were so much more successful in combating this new threat than others. He shows how the challenge of dealing with this new form of terrorism led to the fundamental modernization of policing in many countries and also discusses its impact on criminology and international law"-- Résumé de l'éditeur This is the first global history of the secret international diplomatic and police campaign waged against anarchist terrorism from 1880 to the 1920s. Placing anarchist terrorism in the context of economic and social globalization, this book considers why some nations dealt with this global phenomenon more effectively than others.