The AUN/SEED-Net Joint Regional Conference in Transportation, Energy, and Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering: Proceeding of RCTEMME2021, Hanoi, Vietnam (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)

This book (The AUN/SEED-Net Joint Regional Conference in Transportation, Energy, and Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering) gathers selected papers submitted to the 14th Regional Conference in Energy Engineering and the 13th Regional Conference in Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering in the fields related to intelligent equipment, automotive engineering, mechanical systems and sustainable manufacturing, renewable energy, heat and mass transfer. Under the theme of “Integration and Innovation for Sustainable Development,” This book consists of papers in the aforementioned fields presented by researchers and scientists from universities, research institutes, and industry showcasing their latest findings and discussions with an emphasis on innovations and developments in embracing the new norm, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Contents Investigation of Protrusion Height and Wall Thickness Distribution of Tube Hydroforming Y-Shaped Joint 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Internal Liquid Pressure 3.2 Influence of Axial Feed 3.3 Effect of Friction 4 Conclusion References Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Freezing Time of the Pangasius Fillets 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Material Information 2.2 The Product’s Thermal Properties 2.3 The Establishment of a Mathematical Model for Freezing Processing 2.4 Computational Results 2.5 Evaluation of the Reliability of the Problem Solution 2.6 Evaluation of Factors Affecting Freezing Time 3 Conclusion 3.1 The Effect of Air Velocity on Freezing Time 3.2 The Effect of Air Temperature on the Freezing Time 3.3 The Effect of Product Thickness on Freezing Time References Method to Improve the Power Coefficient of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Axial Momentum Theory 2.2 Double Multiple Streamtube Theory 2.3 Theoretical Calculation Using DMST Model 3 MPPT Algorithms to Extract Maximum Power from Wind Turbines 4 Conclusion References On the Dynamic Response of a Functionally Graded Funnel Shell with Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforcement 1 Introduction 2 Computation Model 2.1 Geometry 2.2 Graphene Reinforcement 3 Computing Technique 3.1 Material Formulation 3.2 Governing Equations and Solution 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Verification 4.2 Dynamic Behaviors 5 Conclusion References Study on the Process and Formation of Fiber Structure During Forming of an Automobile Joint Part in Closed-Die Forging 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials and Subject 2.2 Forging Process 3 Results 4 Conclusions References A Study on the Effect of Compression Ratio and Bowl-In-Piston Geometry on Knock Limit in Port Injection Natural Gas Converted Engine 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Framework 3 Engine Simulation, Calibration and Control Model 3.1 Experimental Setup 3.2 Simulating Theoretical Framework 3.3 Model Calibration 3.4 Controlling the Model 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Effects of Compression Ratio on Required Octan Number 5 Conclusion References Effect of Different Heat Recovery Tube Structure on the Exhaust Heat Utilizing Ability in Internal Combustion Engine 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Model 2.1 Computational Theory in Ansys Fluent 2.2 Boundary Condition 2.3 Meshing 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Distribution of Temperature and Velocity in the Exhaust Heat Recovery Tank 3.2 Effect of Engine Load on Exhaust Heat Recovery 3.3 Effect of Tank Structure on Heat Recovery of Exhaust Gas 4 Conclusion References A-star Algorithm for Robot Path Planning Based on Digital Twin 1 Introduction 2 A Brief Overview of Digital Twin 3 A-star Algorithm 4 Experiment 4.1 The Physical Space 4.2 The Digital Space 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Digital Twin Application for the Robot’s Path-Planning in the Large-Sized Obstacle-Free Phase 5.2 Application of A-star Algorithm to Find the Robotic Path in the Phase with a Large-Sized Obstacle 6 Conclusion References Development of a CFD Tool Based on SnappyHexMesh/OpenFOAM for the Axial Fan Performance 1 Introduction 2 BKIAF – the CFD Techniques for Ducted Axial Fans Simulation 2.1 Geometry of Ducted Fan 2.2 Automatic Meshing with BKIAF 2.3 Turbulence Model 2.4 SimpleFoam Solver 2.5 Boundary Conditions 3 Results of the Case Study 3.1 Grid Independent Evaluation 3.2 Simulation Results of the Original Huynh Thao Composite Fan 3.3 Simulation Results of the Enhanced Huynh Thao Composite Fan 4 Conclusion References Effect of Clamping Distances on Residual Stress in Butt Welded Joint of Stainless Steel Plates 1 Introduction 2 Material and Speciment Dimensions 3 Welding Simulation 4 Simulation Results and Discussion 4.1 Longitudinal Stress on the Weld Seam 4.2 Transverse Stress on the Weld Seam 4.3 Longitudinal Stress on the Line Perpendicular to the Weld Seam 4.4 Transverse Stress on the Line Perpendicular to the Weld Seam 5 Conslusions References Experimental Design and Manufacture a Pair of the Internal Non-circular Gears with an Improved Cycloid Profile 1 Introduction 2 Design Parameters of the Rack Cutter with an Improved Cycloid Profile 2.1 Mathematical Model of the Tooth Profile of the Rack Cutter 2.2 Design Parameters of the Rack Cutter 3 Mathematical Model of the Centrodes of Internal Gear Driver 4 Design of the Tooth Profile of the Internal Gear Drive 4.1 Shaping the Tooth Profile of the Eccentric Gear by Rack Cutter with an Improved Cycloid Profile 4.2 Shaping the Tooth Profile of the Internal NCG by Shaper Cutter 5 Design and Experimental Manufacturing of an Internal NCGs Pair 5.1 Experimental Design 5.2 Experimental Machining of NCG by 3 Axis CNC Milling Machine 6 Conclusions References Development of a Software for Laser-Based Micromachining of Piezoceramic Microactuators 1 Introduction 2 Machine Description 3 Implementation 3.1 Developing Workflow 3.2 Information Extraction Fom DXF 3.3 Object Visualization and G-code Generation 4 Results 5 Conclusion and Outlook References Vibration Analysis of Thick Rotating Laminated Composite Conical Shells by the Dynamic Stiffness Matrix Method 1 Introduction 2 Theory of Rotating Composite Conical Shell 2.1 Laminate Constitutive Relations 2.2 Force Resultant-Displacement Relations 2.3 Equations of Motions 3 Dynamic Stiffness Matrix of Rotating Thick Cross-Ply Laminated Composite Conical Shells 4 Numerical Results and Discussion 4.1 Comparative Studies 4.2 Parameter Effect Studies 5 Conclusions References Research on the Characteristics of Tooth Shape and Size of the Oval Gear Drive with an Involute Profile 1 Introduction 2 Design the Tooth Profile of the Oval Gear Drive by Rack Cutter 2.1 Design Centrodes of the Oval Gear Drive 2.2 Shaping the Tooth Profile of the Oval Gear Drive by Rack Cutter 3 Kinematic Analysis of the Meshing Process of the Oval Gear Drive 3.1 Mathematical Modelling the Relative Sliding Velocity Between Two Mating Profiles at the Meshing Point 3.2 The Sliding Curve of Tooth Profile 3.3 Dimensional Parameters of Tooth Geometry of the OG with an Involute Profile 4 Investigate Tooth Shape Parameters and Kinematic Analysis of the Meshing Process 4.1 Design of Oval Gear Drive with an Involute Profile 4.2 Investigate Parameters of Tooth Size and Kinematic Analysis of the Meshing Process 4.3 Kinematic Analysis of the Meshing Process 5 Conclusions References Vibroacoustic Behavior of Double-Composite Plate Filled with Porous Materials 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Study 2.1 Plate Geometry and Assumption 2.2 Flexural Motion of the Plate 2.3 Boundary Conditions of the Plate-Porous Coupling 2.4 Determination of Sound Transmission Loss 3 Modelling the Poroelastic Material 4 Validation 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Effect of Composite Materials Density 5.2 Effect of Porous Core Layer Density 5.3 Effect of Porous Layer Young’s Modulus 5.4 Effect of Porous Layer Poisson’s Ratio 6 Conclusions References Research of Calculation and Testing Assessment of Impact Resistance of Automobile Alloy Wheel Rims Used in Vietnam 1 Introduction 2 Basic for Calculation and Testing Assessment of the Impact Resistance Ablity of Automobile Alloy Wheel Rims 3 Calculation of Car Alloy Wheel Structure During the Impact by Ansys Software 3.1 Building a Model to Calculate the Durability of the Car Wheel Rim by ANSYS Software 3.2 Loading Plan 3.3 Problem Resolution 4 Testing Assessment of Impact Resistance of Alloy Wheel Rim 5 Conclusion References One-Dimensional and Entropy Generation Analyses of a Solar Chimney 1 Introduction 2 Model Formulation and Validation 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Oscillation Measurement of the Magnetic Compass Needle Employing Deep Learning Technique 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Needle Tracking 2.2 Oscillation Measurement 3 Experimental Results 4 Conclusion References Development of Grading System Based on Machine Learning for Dragon Fruit 1 Introduction 2 Natural Features of Dragon Fruits 3 Structure of Grading System 4 Using Machine Learning for Grading Dragon Fruit 4.1 Stage 1 - Using KNN to Extract the Dragon Fruit 4.2 Stage 2 - Using CNN to Extract Feature of the Dragon Fruit-Image Processing 4.3 Stage 3 - Sorting the Dragon Fruit 5 Results and Discussions 6 Conclusions References Disturbance Observer-Based Speed Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicles 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 3 Robust Backstepping Controller Design 3.1 Speed Controller Design 3.2 Current Controller Design 3.3 Disturbance Observer Design 4 Stability Analysis 5 PIL Simulation and Results 5.1 PIL Simulation 5.2 Simulation Results 6 Conclusion References Optimizing the Parameter of the LQR Controller for Active Suspension System 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Quarter Vehicle Dynamics Model 2.2 Optimization Process 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Parameter of the Vehicle 3.2 Simulation Results 4 Conclusion References Integral Action Finite Set Model Predictive Current Control for Brushless DC Motor 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model of Brushless DC Motor in D-Q Rotating Reference Frame 3 Integral Action Finite Set Model Predictive Control 3.1 Controller Design 3.2 Algorithm Strategy 4 Simulation 5 Conclusion References A Study on Selecting Cutting Regime to Attain Suitable Roughness and Dimensional Precision in Both When Drilling Tempered Steel 20XHM 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Taguchi Method and ANOVA [6] 2.2 Grey Relation Analysis [7, 8] 3 Experimental Setup and Design 3.1 Experimental Conditions 3.2 Experimental Design 3.3 Investigating the Impact of Cutting Regime Parameters on the Roughness 3.4 Investigating the Impact of Cutting Regime Parameters on the Roundness 3.5 Multi-object Optimization for Suitable Roughness and Roundness in Both 3.6 A Case Study 4 Conclusions References An Overview on the Viability of Hydrous Bioethanol as Gasoline Fuel Blend in the Philippines 1 Introduction 2 Demand on Bioethanol Blend 2.1 Global Bioethanol Demand 2.2 Projected Consumption of the Philippines 2.3 Feedstocks for Bioethanol 3 Method of Bioethanol Production 3.1 Process of Anhydrous Ethanol Production 3.2 Cost of Bioethanol Production 3.3 Process of Hydrous Ethanol Production 3.4 Cost of Hydrous Bioethanol Production 4 Hydrous Bioethanol as Gasoline Fuel Blend 4.1 Performance of Some Spark Ignition Engines using Hydrous Gasoline Fuel Blend 4.2 Utilization of Hydrous Ethanol as Straight Fuel or as Fuel Blend 4.3 Challenges of Hydrous Ethanol as Gasoline Blend 5 Discussion 5.1 Reduction of Bioethanol Production Cost 5.2 Hydrous Bioethanol Blend Properties 5.3 Long Term Trial 5.4 High Altitude Test Runs 6 Conclusion References Numerical Optimization of the Process Conditions to Improve the Warpage Inside the Product and Reduce the Cooling Time in the Injection Molding Product 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Geometrically Nonlinear Behaviour of Functionally Graded Beam and Frame Structures Under Mechanical Loading 1 Introduction 2 Functionally Graded Materials 3 Finite Element Formulation 4 Equilibrium Equations 5 Numerical Investigation 5.1 Cantilever Beam Under a Tip Moment 5.2 Cantilever Beam Subjected to an Eccentric Axial Load 5.3 Asymmetric Frame 6 Conclusions References Effect of Geometric Parameters of Heat Sink on Thermal Dissipation for Active Antenna Unit 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Model Parameters 2.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Simulation and Experimental Results 3.2 Investigating on Model 32T32R and 64T64R 4 Conclusions References An Overview of Pedestrian Detection Based on LiDAR for Advanced Driving Assistance System 1 Introduction 2 LiDAR Data Processing Method for Classification 2.1 Grid-Based Approach 2.2 Point-Based Approach 2.3 A Two-Stage 3D Detection Framework 3 Experiments 3.1 Evaluation Algorithm 3.2 Datasets 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Stability and Viscosity of Mono and Hybrid Nanolubricant 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Material 2.2 Nanolubricant Preparation 2.3 Evaluation of Dispersion Stability 2.4 Thermal Conductivity 2.5 Viscosity Measurement 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Stability of Nanolubricant 3.2 Thermal Conductivity 3.3 Viscosity 4 Conclusion References Detection Fault Symptoms of Rolling Bearing Based on Enhancing Collected Transient Vibration Signals 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Tunable Q-Factor Wavelet Transform 2.2 Hilbert Envelope Spectrum 3 The Proposed Method 3.1 Flowchart of Method 3.2 The Method Validation by Simulation 4 Application on Experiment Data 4.1 The Dataset Description 4.2 Analysis and Evaluation of Method Based on Experiment Test 5 Conclusion References Human-Robot Interaction System Using Vietnamese 1 Introduction 2 Interaction System 2.1 Structure of Interaction System 2.2 Text Classification Progress 2.3 Search Text Processing 2.4 Conversational Text Processing 3 Experiment 3.1 Experimental Setup 3.2 Results 4 Conclusion References Effect of the Elliptical Shape on the Performance of the Modified Savonius Wind Turbine 1 Introduction 2 Modified Blade: Effect of Elliptical Profile 3 Numerical Simulation 3.1 Numerical Method 3.2 Computational Domain and Simulation Conditions 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Effect of R* 4.2 Effect of Angle α 5 Conclusion References Using Artificial Neural Network to Grade Internal Quality of Coconuts Based on Density 1 Introduction 2 Determination of Density 3 Quality of Coconut Related Density 4 Artificial Neural Network for Grading the Quality of Coconut 5 Experiments and Discussions 6 Conclusions References The Modeling of Ion-Selective Membrane 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Model and Method 3 Numerical Methods 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Current-Voltage Response 4.2 Effect of the Different Approaches for Modeling Charged Membrane on the Vertical Distribution of Ions 4.3 Development of Extended Space Charge Layer 5 Conclusion References Apply Image Processing Techniques into the Process of Reading and Calibrating Levelling Staffs 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Materials 2.1 Calibration System Design 2.2 Build Software to Detect Graduation Lines Using Camera 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Method for Cooling Bearings of Motorized Spindles 1 Introduction 2 Structure of the Cooling Spacer 3 Cooling Effects on Bearing Arrangements 4 Conclusion References Analysis Hydrodynamic Performance of the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle for a Different Hull Shape 1 Introduction 2 Hull Design for the AUV 3 Hydrodynamic Performances of the AUV 4 Hull Resistance Acting on the AUV 5 Conclusions References The Effect of Biodiesel-Ethanol-Diesel Blends on Performance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine 1 Introduction 2 Exprimental 2.1 Experimental Apparatus 2.2 Test Fuels 2.3 Test Modes 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Engine Performance 3.2 Engine Emissions 3.3 The Number of Particles in the Exhaust Gas 4 Conclusions References Inverse Kinematics Analysis of 7 DOF Collaborative Robot by Using Coordinate and Velocity Projection Methods 1 Introduction 2 Kinematic Analysis 2.1 Direct Kinematics 2.2 Inverse Kinematics 3 Numerical Simulation 4 Conclusion References Investigating the Effect of Pulsed Fiber Laser Parameters on the Roughness of Heat-Resistant Parts in Cleaning Processes 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Pulsed Fiber Laser Cleaning System 2.2 Samples and Measurement Devices 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Fiber Laser Cleaning to Remove Paint on the Surface of Mechanical Parts 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Pulsed Fiber Laser Cleaning System 2.2 Paint Samples and Cleaning Grades 2.3 Results and Discussion 3 Conlusion References A Durability Test of Motorcycle Engine Fueled with Ethanol-Gasoline Blends 1 Introduction 2 Material and Method 2.1 Experiment Procedure 2.2 Testing Equipment and Fuels 2.3 Experimental Apparatus 3 References 3.1 The Effects of Fuels on the Surface of the Main Components 3.2 The Effects of Fuel Blend on the Dimension of Main Components 3.3 Evaluating Engine’s Performance After 200 h of Operating 4 Conclusions References Mapping and Path Planning for the Differential Drive Wheeled Mobile Robot in Unknown Indoor Environments Using the Rapidly Exploring Random Tree Method 1 Introduction 2 Kinematic Modelling of the Differential-Drive Mobile Robot 3 Exploration Strategies Algorithm for Mobile Robot 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Mapping Solution 4.2 Path Planning for Mobile Robot 5 Conclusion References Research on Resistance of Some Typical Fishing Vessels in Vietnam 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Modeling 2.1 Geometric Model 2.2 Computational Domain 2.3 Boundary Condition 3 Results 3.1 Simulation Results 3.2 Validation Study 3.3 Result Analysis 4 Conclusion References A Study on Design Two Pitch Propeller to Apply for the Small Fishing Vessel 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Foundation 2.1 Propeller’s Hydrodynamic Features 2.2 Governing Equations 3 Design the Two-Pitch Propeller 3.1 Features of the Trawling boat’s Operating Stages 3.2 Identify Number of Blade and Optimal Diameter of the Two - Pitch Propeller 3.3 Design the Blade’s Geometry 4 Ivestigated Hydrodynamic Performances of the Two-Pitch Propeller 4.1 Geometry and Mesh 4.2 Boundary Conditions 4.3 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Analysis Hatchback Vehicle Structure in Car-to-Car Frontal Impact Using Finite Element Model 1 Introduction 2 Crashwothiness Model Building 2.1 Motion Relationship of Two Cars in Collision 2.2 Equations 2.3 Validation of FE Model 2.4 Frontal Crash Simulation of Full Vehicle Model 3 Conclusion References A Study on Vibration and Noise of Manual Transmission by Using Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Comsol Multiphysics Sofware 2.1 History 2.2 Classification of Modules 3 Manual Transmission Simulations and Results 3.1 Manual Transmission Structure Analysis 3.2 Manual Transmission Vibration Analysis 3.3 Manual Transmission Noise Analysis 4 Conclusion References The Pollutant Reduction Potential of Old Generation Diesel Engine Retrofitting After-Treatment System 1 Introduction 2 Material and Method 2.1 Test Engine Specification 2.2 Testing Apparatus 2.3 Designed Parameters of the After-Treatment System 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 The Effect of After-Treatment System on Engine Performance Characteristics 3.2 The Effects of NH3Flow Rate on NOxReduction Efficiency 3.3 The Effects of After-Treatment System on Exhaust Pollutants 4 Conclusions References Head Injury Criterion of Vietnamese Pedestrian Struck by a Sedan 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Numerical Simulation 3.1 Simulation Setup 3.2 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References NURBS Curve Trajectory Tracking Control for Differential-Drive Mobile Robot by a Linear State Feedback Dynamic Controller 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Models of Dynamics 2.1 Kinematic Model 2.2 The Dynamic Model of the Robot 3 Design of Linear State Feedback Dynamic Controller 4 Simulation Results 4.1 System Setup 4.2 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References A Thoroughly Approach: Pulley Kinematic, Actuator Dynamic and Stiffness on Cable Suspended Parallel Robots 1 Introduction 2 System Kinematic and Dynamic Model 3 Stiffness Analysis 4 Controller Solution 5 Experimental Results 5.1 Prototype 5.2 Experimental Results 6 Conclusion References An Approach to Biomass Selection Based on Thermal Properties for Co-firing Technology 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Material Preparation 2.2 Equipment and Experiment Setup 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Evaluate the Technological Composition of Some Biomass Types 3.2 Evaluate the Calorific Heating Value Regarding the Selection of Co-firing Ratio 3.3 Evaluate Combustion Characteristics of Single Fuel and Fuel Mixtures 3.4 Thermogravimetric Kinetic Analysis 4 Conclusion References Electric Load Disaggregation Using Non-intrusive Load Monitoring Algorithm for Home Energy Management: Case-Study for an Apartment in Hanoi 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Non-intrusive Load Monitoring Process 2.2 Machine Learning Algorithms 2.3 Open-Source Machine Learning Tool 2.4 Case-Studies 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Case-Study 1 3.2 Case-Study 2 3.3 Case-Study 3 3.4 Case-Study 4 3.5 Case-Study 5 4 Conclusion References Experimental Study of Infrared – Assisted Heat Pump Drying of Lime Slices 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Equipment and Procedures 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References An Efficient Pantograph Dynamic Mechanism for Massage Robot Arm Acting Therapy on Human Back 1 Introduction 2 Massage Robot Arm Mechanism Analysis 2.1 DynamicsGeometry Analysis 2.2 Inverse Dynamics 3 Analysis on Mechanism Model and Stimulate Results 4 Conclusions References Elastic Mechanical Properties of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Monolayer Using Atomic Finite Element Method 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Procedure 2.1 Model and Interatomic Potential 2.2 Atomic Finite Element Method Using VFF Potential 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Research on the Friction Effect on Product Quality in Sheet Hydroforming 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Simulation 2.1 Methodology 2.2 Simulation Results 3 Discussions 4 Experimental Verification 5 Conclusions References Electromechanical Actuators Based on Monolayer Borophene withβ12andχ3Structures 1 Introduction 2 Computational Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Study Optimization of Process Parameters in Overmolding of Multi Plastic Materials 1 Introduction 2 Experiment Methodology 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Effects of Injection Pressure on the Formation of the TBHS 3.2 Effects of Injection Pressure on the Formation of the TBHC 4 Conclusion References Numerical Study for Flow Behavior and Drag of Axisymmetric Boattail Models at Different Mach Number 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Setup and Validations 2.1 Numerical Model 2.2 Numerical Algorithm 2.3 Mesh Generation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Validations 3.2 Pressure Distribution on Boattail Surface 3.3 Drag of the Model 3.4 Skin-Friction Topology 3.5 Flow Around the Models 4 Conclusions References Adaptive Observation Controller for an Uncertain Hysteresis System with Input Constraint 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement 3 Nonlinear Adaptive Control Design for Uncertain Hysteretic Systems 3.1 Control Design 3.2 Stability Analysis 4 Simulation 5 Conclusions References Numerical Simulation of Hot Water Flashing Flow in a Converging - Diverging Nozzle 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Method 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Case Study on Humanoid Robot Using Robotics Software in E-learning 1 Introduction 2 NAO Robot Modeling 3 A Brief Overview of the Software Interface 3.1 Webots 3.2 Chorgraphe - A Graphical Tool for Humanoid Robot Programming 3.3 Communication Between the Choregraphe Application and Webots Platform 4 Case Study 5 Conclusion References LQR Control Design in Vibration Control of a Benchmark Building Structure Subjected to Seismic Load 1 Introduction 2 Controlled Model 3 Controller Design 4 Numerical Simulation Results 5 Conclusions References Detecting Crack on a Beam Subjected to Impact Load 1 Introduction 2 Research Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Thermal Analysis by Finite Element Model for Powder Screw Extruder for 3D Printing Method 1 Introduction 2 Models and Simulation Setting 2.1 Model Design for Analysis 2.2 Material Extrusion Process 2.3 Simulation Setup 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The State of PCL Powder in the Barrel 3.2 The Kickoff Temperature of the Sensor to Start the Printing Process 3.3 Sensor’s Temperature Effect on the Melting Point 3.4 The Effect of O-ring in the Extruder’s Design on the Melting Point 4 Conclusion References The Effect of Printing Parameters on the Characteristics of PCL Scaffold in Tissue Engineering Application 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Equipment and Model 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Printing Temperature 3.2 The Effect of Extrusion Ratio 3.3 The Effect of Printing Table’s Velocity and Acceleration 4 Conclusion References Investigation and Optimization of Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate in Face Finishing Milling of Ti-6Al-4V Under MQL Condition 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 2.1 Optimization Issue 2.2 Optimization Framework 3 Experimental Procedures 3.1 Design of Experiment 3.2 Cutting Tools and Their Parameters 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 ANOVA Analysis 4.2 Optimization Results 5 Conclusion References Evaluating the Influence of Cutting Mode and Workpiece Parameters on Surface Roughness When External Cylindrical Grinding 65Mn Steel 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 2.1 Grinding Machine 2.2 The Surface Roughness Tester 2.3 The Workpiece and Grinding Wheel 3 Taguchi Experimental Design 3.1 Taguchi Experimental Design with Material Hardness and Workpiece Diameter 3.2 Taguchi Experimental Design with Cutting Mode Parameters 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Evaluating the Influence of Cutting Mode and Workpiece Parameters on Surface Roughness 4.2 Mathematical Model 5 Conclusions References Numerical Simulation of Thermal Stress and Creep Fatigue Crack Growth Analysis for Thick-Walled Tubes of Header 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Finite Element Stress Analysis 3.1 Finite Element Model and Boundary Conditions 3.2 Finite Element Analysis Results 4 Creep Fatigue Crack Growth Assessment 4.1 Crack Growth Laws 4.2 Creep Crack Growth Assessment 4.3 Fatigue Crack Growth Assessment 4.4 Results and Discussions of Remaining Life Assessment 5 Conclusions References A Method of Determination of the Remaining Geometrical Accuracy of Lathe Machine Based on the Wear of Slideway 1 Introduction 2 Slideway Wear Measurement Method 2.1 Specifications and Characteristics of Slideway 2.2 Measuring Method Wear of Lathe Machine Slideway 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 The Result of 1K62 Lathe Slideway Wear 3.2 Accuracy Determination of the Geometry of the 1K62 Machine Due to Slideway Wear 4 Conclusion References Development of Vibration Absorber System Using Tunable Stiffness Material 1 Introduction 2 Magnetorheological Elastomer (MRE) 2.1 Experimental Tests and Validation 2.2 Model of MRE-Based Isolator 3 A Vibration System Using MRE-Based Absorber 4 Conclusions References A Computational Method of Air-Electric Equivalent in Air Spindle 1 Introduction 2 Fundamentals of Air-Electrical Calculation Method 2.1 Model of Air-Electric Conversion 2.2 Construction of Calculating Formulas for Model of Lower Air Bearings 2.3 Investigation of Thrust Force in Air Bearings 3 Conclusion References CFD Simulation of Temperature Distribution of Atrium Space in a Residential Building 1 Introduction 2 Model Description 2.1 Model Parameters 2.2 Solver Settings 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Results 3.2 Discussion 4 Conclusion References CFD Simulation of Swirl-Stabilized Pulverized Coal Flames in a Cylindrical Combustion Chamber 1 Introduction 2 Model Descriptions 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Temperature Distribution 3.2 Gas-Phase Species Concentration 3.3 Burnout Rate of Coal 4 Conclusion References The Process of Custom Designing Replacement Cranial Bone Patches in Human Body 1 Introduction 2 Fabrication Process of the Cranial Patch 2.1 Methods and Boundary Conditions 2.2 Material Properties 2.3 Simulation Results 3 Result and Discusion 4 Conclusion References Research and Design of Compact Equipment Using PhaseShifting Deflectometry Apply in Optical Surface Measurement 1 Introduction 2 Basic Principle 2.1 Governing Equation 2.2 Data Capture and Processing 3 Experiment Setup 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Numerical Study of Ultraviolet Germicidal Effect Against SARS-CoV-2Virus 1 Introduction 2 Theory Background 2.1 UV Irradiance 2.2 Numerical Approach 2.3 Disinfection Rate 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 UV Disinfection Performance 3.2 Exposure Duration 4 Conclusions References Thermal Efficiency and Exhaust Emission of an SI Engine Using Hydrogen Enriched Gas from Exhaust Gas Fuel Reforming Based on Ni-Cu/Al2O3Catalysts 1 Introduction 2 Experiments and Method 2.1 Engine 2.2 Catalyst Selection 2.3 Test Fuels 2.4 Test Bench Specification 2.5 Test Procedures 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Structural and Morphological Characterizations 3.2 Catalytic Activity 3.3 Engine Test 4 Conclusion References Photocatalytic Activity of Tungsten-Loaded Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts Against Dyes and Bacteria in Water System 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Preparation of Tungsten-Loaded Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts 2.3 Dyes Decolourization Studies 2.4 Antibacterial Activities 3 Results 4 Discussions 5 Conclusions References Free Vibration Analysis on Stepped Composite Cylindrical Shells Reinforced by Inner/outer Ring Stiffeners 1 Introduction 2 Theoretcal Fomulations 2.1 Description of the Model 2.2 Kinematic Relations 2.3 Lamina Constitutive Relations 2.4 Stress, Forces and Moment Resultants 2.5 Force Resultant 3 Continuous Element for Vibration Analysis of Composite Cylindrical Shells and Ring Stiffeners 3.1 State Vectors 3.2 Dynamic Stiffness Matrix K 4 Dynamic Stiffness Matrix for Ring Composite Inner/Outer Ring-Stiffened Cylindrical Shells 4.1 Dynamic Stiffness Matrix Assembly 4.2 Determination of Natural Frequencies 5 Numerical Results and Discussion 5.1 Modal Analysis 5.2 Harmonic Responses of Composite Cylindrical Shells Reinforced by Inner/Outer Ring Stiffeners 5.3 The effect of the Layer configuration on the Frequency of Cylindrical Shell 6 Conclusion and Developments Appendix References Subcooled Flow Boiling and Its Application in Designing LNG Vaporizers 1 Introduction 2 Model Description 2.1 Setting up Subcooled Boiling Model 2.2 Conservation Equation 3 Validation and Discussion 3.1 Validation with Umekawa’s Result 3.2 Application of Flow Boiling Model in Designing LNG Vaporizer 4 Conclusion References Patent Map for Forecasting Technology Trends and Pol