The Attribute of Water: Single Notion, Multiple Myths (Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 113)

This book features the latest advances and future trends in water science and technology. It also discusses the scientific popularization and quantitative resolution of a variety of mysterious properties of water and ice from the perspective of hydrogen-bond cooperativity in response to stimuli such as chemical contamination, electrification, magnetification, mechanical compression, molecular undercoordination, and thermal excitation. Anomalies include the floating of ice, the Hofmeister effect in solutions, regelation of ice, slipperiness of ice, water’s tough skin, the Mpemba paradox, and the floating bridge. It also addresses the superfluidity of microchannels, hydrogen bond potentials, nanodroplet and bubble thermodynamics, quasisolidity and supersolidity, controlling superhydrophobicity–superhydrophilicity transition, and high-pressure ice formation. The target audience for this book includes students, senior scholars, engineers and practitioners in the area of physical chemistry, biology, as well as aqueous and colloid solutions. Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Nomenclature -- 1 Wonders of Water -- Abstract -- 1.1 Significance of Water and Ice -- 1.2 Phase Diagram -- 1.3 Physical Anomalies -- 1.4 Challenges and Objectives -- 1.5 Scope of this Volume -- References -- 2 Water Structure -- Abstract -- 2.1 Challenge: What Rules the Structure Order? -- 2.2 Clarification: O Hybridizes Its sp Orbits -- 2.3 History Background -- 2.3.1 Typical Structural Models -- 2.3.2 Intermolecular Interactions -- 2.4 Quantitative Resolution -- 2.4.1 Basic Rules -- 2.4.1.1 The sp3 Orbital Hybridization -- 2.4.1.2 Nonbonding Lone Pairs' Capabilities -- 2.4.1.3 The C2v Symmetrical H2O Molecule -- 2.4.1.4 Water Structure: Correlation and Fluctuation -- 2.4.1.5 O:H-O Bond Cooperativity -- 2.4.1.6 Proton Tunneling or Frustration Prohibition -- 2.4.2 Confirmation -- 2.4.2.1 Molecular STM Images and Energies -- 2.4.2.2 Density-Geometry-Length Scale Correlation -- 2.4.2.3 Uniqueness of Structure Solution -- 2.5 Summary -- References -- 3 O:H-O Bond Cooperativity -- Abstract -- 3.1 Challenge: How Does a Hydrogen Bond Work? -- 3.2 Clarification: O:H-O Bond Oscillator Pair -- 3.3 History Background -- 3.3.1 O:H Nonbond or Hydrogen Bond? -- 3.3.2 Pauling's Notion -- 3.3.3 IUPAC Definition -- 3.4 Quantitative Resolution -- 3.4.1 Hydrogen Bond Generality -- 3.4.1.1 Extended (X:B-Y) Hydrogen Bond -- 3.4.1.2 Electron Localization and Polarization -- 3.4.1.3 Asymmetrically Short-Range Interactions -- 3.4.2 O:H-O Bond Segmentation -- 3.4.2.1 Lengths and Containing Angle -- 3.4.2.2 Coordination Origin -- 3.4.3 O:H-O Bond Relaxation -- 3.4.3.1 Local Bond Average -- 3.4.3.2 Driving Forces -- 3.4.4 O:H-O Bond Mechanical Disparity -- 3.4.5 Molecular Undercoordination -- 3.4.5.1 General BOLS-NEP Notion -- 3.4.5.2 H-O Contraction and Dual Polarization Front Matter....Pages i-xxix Wonders of Water....Pages 1-24 Water Structure....Pages 25-48 O:H–O Bond Cooperativity....Pages 49-80 Phase Diagram: Bonding Dynamics....Pages 81-101 O:H–O Bond Asymmetrical Potentials....Pages 103-123 Mechanical Compression....Pages 125-146 Thermal Excitation....Pages 147-173 Molecular Undercoordination: Supersolidity....Pages 175-202 Superlubricity of Ice....Pages 203-243 Water Supersolid Skin....Pages 245-279 Mpemba Paradox....Pages 281-304 Aqueous Solutions: Quantum Specification....Pages 305-363 Hydration Shells and Water Skin....Pages 365-373 Aqueous Solution Phase Transition....Pages 375-391 Electrofreezing and Water Bridging....Pages 393-418 Miscellaneous Issues....Pages 419-453 Approaching Strategies....Pages 455-477 Laws for Water....Pages 479-488 Back Matter....Pages 489-494