The Ashgate Research Companion to Political Violence

Aimed at scholars, students and lay persons interested in peace and conflict studies, The Ashgate Research Companion to Political Violence is a comprehensive resource to understand the principal debates on political violence, a field which is becoming an increasingly important part of courses on peace and conflict. Organized into seven main sections, this volume deals with a wide range of issues covering the following important research areas: · Issues of definition and nomenclature and how contests over these relate to political violence. · Theoretical frameworks and methods for understanding and researching political violence. · Motivations and goals of those who use political violence. · The various forms of political violence. · Perspectives on countering political violence, by state and non-state actors. · Why and how political violence ends. · The aftermath of political violence. Contributions by leading scholars in the field provide an authoritative guide and source book on political violence for the scholar, the researcher and the informed general reader. Secession is a detachment of a territory from an existing state with the aim of creating a new state on the detached territory. Secession is usually an outcome of the political mobilization of a population on the territory to be detached and, as a political phenomenon, is a subject of study in the social sciences. Its impact on inter-state relations is a subject of study in international relations. But secession is also subject to regulation both in the constitutional law of sovereign states and in international law. Following a spate of secessions in the early 1990s, legal scholars have proposed a variety of ways to regulate the international responses to attempts at secessions. Moreover, since the 1980s normative justification of secession has been subject to an intense debate among political theorists and moral philosophers. This research companion has the following three complementary aims. First, to offer an overview of the current theoretical approaches to secession in the social sciences, international relations, legal theory, political theory and applied ethics. Second, to outline the current practice of international recognition of secession and current domestic and international laws which regulate secession. Third, to offer an account of major secessionist movements - past and present - from a comparative perspective. In their accounts of past secessions and current secessionist movements, the contributors to this volume focus on the following four components: the nature and source of secessionist grievances, the ideologies and techniques of secessionist mobilization, the responses of the host state or majority parties in the host state, and the international response to attempts at secession. This provides a basis for identification of at least some common patterns in the otherwise highly varied processes of secession. Global Health Has Emerged As A Distinct Field Of Academic Research And Professional Activity. Over The Last Decade, Health Has Become An Important Element Of Many Nations' Foreign Policies, A Routine Agenda Item For The G8 And A Rapidly Expanding Focus Of Bilateral And Multilateral Development Assistance. The Value Of Historical Perspective / Monica H. Green -- From Plagues To Peoples : Health On The Modern Global/international Agenda / Anne-emanuelle Birn -- The Politics Of Non-communicable Disease Policy / Sara M. Glasgow -- Anthropology And Global Health / Vinh-kim Nguyen -- Global Environmental Change And Human Health / Charmian M. Bennett And Anthony J. Mcmichael -- Reaching Behind Borders : International Trade And Chronic Disease / K.s. Mohindra, Raphael Lencucha And Ronald Labonté -- Plus ça Change, Plus C'est La Même Chose : An Overview Of Obstacles And Opportunities To Improve Access To Medicines / Natalia Ovtcharenko, Sarah Bonazza And Jillina Clare Kohler -- Global Health And The Human Security Agenda / Colleen O'manique -- Biopolitics At The Crossroads Of Sexuality And Disaster : The Case Of Haiti / Rosalind P. Petchesky -- Metropolitan Health In A Globalizing World / Ted Schrecker, Françoise Barten And K.s. Mohindra -- Global Health Governance And The Intersection Of Health And Foreign Policy / Wolfgang Hein And Ilona Kickbusch -- Advocates For Global Health Aid Must Call For A New Development Model / Rick Rowden -- Taking Social Determinants Of Health Seriously / Ruth Bell, Sharon Friel And Michael Marmot -- The Contributions Of A Human Rights Approach To Health / Audrey R. Chapman -- Coda: The World After Lehman Brothers, New York And Rio / Ted Schrecker. Edited By Ted Schrecker. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [281]-350) And Index. The Ashgate Research Companion to Chinese Foreign Policy draws out the full range of topics and issues that characterise China's external affairs. The volume is intended to provide an overview of Chinese foreign policy that will be relevant both to experts in the field as well as those that are just starting to grapple with Beijing's international outlook. The investigation of Chinese foreign policy offered by the volume is divided into seven parts: - Part I focuses on the historical evolution of Chinese foreign policy by detailing the specific traditions and the altering paradigms of Beijing's external outlook proffered for the explanation and understanding of Chinese foreign policy - Part II discusses the different analytical perspectives proffered for the explanation and understanding of Chinese foreign policy - Part III considers the domestic sources of Chinese foreign policy - Part IV analyses the international impact of Beijing's outreach - Part V of the volume begins the exploration of China's relations with specific international actors - Part VI investigates the regional interactions of Chinese foreign policy - Part VII of the volume draws attention to several issues impacting both the practice and the understanding of Chinese foreign policy This Companion draws a vivid picture of the full spectrum of topics, issues, and relationships that define China's international interactions. The collection therefore provides a relevant point of departure for anyone interested in learning about Beijing's external affairs. Owing to the wide range of themes and ideas, this volume is essential reading for students of Chinese foreign policy. EU studies increasingly recognize the salience of new regional insights. Hence, this collection of original essays provides a broad overview of regionalism, together with detailed analyses on the construction, activities, and implications of both established and emerging examples of formal political and economic organizations as well as informal regional entities and networks. Aimed at scholars and students interested in the continuing growth of regionalism, The Ashgate Research Companion to Regionalisms is a key resource to understanding the major debates in the field. Organized into three main sections, this volume deals with a wide range of issues covering the following important research areas: -Section one covers theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of established and formal regionalism, emerging and informal regionalism, inter-regionalism, and levels of regionalism. -Section two provides detailed case-studies of established and formal regionalisms: EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, SAARC, OAS, MERCOSUR, AU, ECOWAS, and SADC. -Section three offers case-studies that investigate emerging and informal regionalisms in Oceania, the Arab League, BRICSAM, and the Commonwealth(s) as well as thought-provoking chapters on micro-regional processes evident in spatial development initiatives, transnational gangs, transfrontier conservation areas, and the migration-conflict nexus in natural resource sectors. With the study of regionalism becoming an increasingly important part of politics, international relations, development, and global studies courses, this comprehensive volume is a valuable addition for classroom use. How do non-state actors matter in international relations? This volume recognizes three types of non-state actor: non-governmental organizations (NGOs), intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and transnational corporations. It illustrates how they play roles alongside nation-states and are interrelated in matters of international regulation and coordination. After an introductory part on current qualitative and quantitative sources, this comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art essays is comprised of four main thematic parts: Part II examines actors other than governments, such as transnational religious actors, business representatives and experts, and also parliamentarians and agencies set up by IGOs. Part III studies the perceptions and understandings in political philosophy, international law and international relations theory. It questions concepts used (civil society, NGO, governance) and covers the limitations to be kept in mind. Part IV analyses the nature and impact of non-state actors. Chapters discuss processes within international bureaucracies (diplomacy, dynamism, bureaucratic power, contribution to democracy) and the quintessence of deliberation and decision making within NGOs and IGOs and of implementation, accountability and dispute settlement. Part V studies specific worlds of non-state actors: humanitarian aid, human rights, security, the North-South divide, health, trade and environment. Accessible and articulately written, The Ashgate Research Companion to Non-State Actors is aimed at a wide readership of scholars and practitioners in international relations. This volume provides a state-of-the-art review of current thinking on the full range of trade policy issues, addressing the economic and political dimensions of international trade policy. The volume contains a systematic examination of: specific trade policy instruments (such as tariffs, non-tariff barriers and trade rules); sectoral concerns (in agriculture, manufacturing, and services); trade linkages (to issues such as the environment and labour standards); systemic considerations (what role for the WTO?). The organizing theme of the volume is that open markets for trade and investment yield large potential gains in human welfare as long as trade policy is conducted as an integral part of broader domestic economic management and regulatory reform, and as long as the particular challenges facing developing countries are effectively addressed. This 'case' is presented on the basis of rigorous analysis of first principles and of empirical experience among key trading nations. An integrated set of original and comprehensive perspectives from a diverse group of experts, linked by a common organizational thread. The contributing authors create an ideal mix of internationally recognized experts together with younger specialists making their mark in trade policy analysis; academics as well as trade policy practitioners; and representatives of both developed and developing countries.--Résumé de l'éditeur This volume provides a state of the art review of current thinking on the full range of trade policy issues, addressing the economic and political dimensions of international trade policy. The volume contains a systematic examination of: specific trade policy instruments (such as tariffs, non-tariff barriers and trade rules); sectoral concerns (in agriculture, manufacturing and services); trade linkages (to issues such as the environment and labour standards); and, systemic considerations (what role for the WTO?) The organising theme of the volume is that open markets for trade and investment yield large potential gains in human welfare as long as trade policy is conducted as an integral part of broader domestic economic management and regulatory reform, and as long as the particular challenges facing developing countries are effectively addressed. This 'case' is presented on the basis of rigorous analysis of first principles and of empirical experience among key trading nations. This title presents an integrated set of original and comprehensive perspectives from a diverse group of experts, linked by a common organisational thread. The contributing authors create an ideal mix of internationally recognised experts together with younger specialists making their mark in trade policy analysis; academics as well as trade policy practitioners; and representatives of both developed and developing countries "This volume provides a state-of-the-art review of current thinking on the full range of trade policy issues, addressing the economic and political dimensions of international trade policy. The volume contains a systematic examination of: specific trade policy instruments (such as tariffs, non-tariff barriers and trade rules); sectoral concerns (in agriculture, manufacturing, and services); trade linkages (to issues such as the environment and labour standards); systemic considerations (what role for the WTO?). The organizing theme of the volume is that open markets for trade and investment yield large potential gains in human welfare as long as trade policy is conducted as an integral part of broader domestic economic management and regulatory reform, and as long as the particular challenges facing developing countries are effectively addressed. This 'case' is presented on the basis of rigorous analysis of first principles and of empirical experience among key trading nations. An integrated set of original and comprehensive perspectives from a diverse group of experts, linked by a common organizational thread. The contributing authors create an ideal mix of internationally recognized experts together with younger specialists making their mark in trade policy analysis; academics as well as trade policy practitioners; and representatives of both developed and developing countries."--Back cover This volume collects 34 essays reviewing current understandings of qualitative and quantitative research on non-state actors, understood for the purposes of the collection as being comprised of non-governmental organizations, intergovernmental organizations, and transnational corporations that have a role in international regulation and coordination. The essays are presented by editor Reinalda (Radboud U. Nijmegen, the Netherlands) in five parts. The first, which includes the introduction, looks at sources of information. The second considers international roles of different types of non-state actors. Perceptions and understandings of non-state actors is the theme of the third. The fourth considers "nature and impact," including the impact of non-state actors on processes within or related to international bureaucracies; the nature of agenda setting and decision making within non-governmental and intergovernmental organizations; and the nature of policy implementation, accountability, and dispute settlement in relation to non-governmental and intergovernmental organizations. The final theme is "separate worlds," including the separate worlds of humanitarian aid, human rights, and global security; the separate worlds of global North and global South; and the separate worlds of health, trade, and the environment. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com) Many different social scientists have been challenged by the origins of wars, their immediate causes and the mechanisms leading to the breakdown of peaceful relations. Many have speculated whether conflicts were avoidable and whether alternative policies might have prevented conflict. The Ashgate Research Companion to War provides contributions from a number of theorists and historians with a focus on long term, systemic conflicts. The problèmatique is introduced by the Editors highlighting the need for interdisciplinary approaches to the study of war as a global phenomenon. The following 29 essays provide a comprehensive study guide in four sections: Part I explicates differing theories as to the origins of war under the general concept of'polemology'. Part II analyzes significant conflicts from the Peloponnesian wars to World War II. Part III examines the ramifications of Cold War and post-Cold War conflict. Part IV looks at long cycles of systemic conflict, and speculates, in part, whether another global war is theoretically possible, and if so, whether it can be averted. This comprehensive volume brings us a much needed analysis of wars throughout the ages, their origins, their consequences, and their relationship to the present. A valuable understanding that is ideal for social scientists from a variety of backgrounds. Many different social scientists have been challenged by the origins of wars, their immediate causes and the mechanisms leading to the breakdown of peaceful relations. Many have speculated whether conflicts were avoidable and whether alternative policies might have prevented conflict. The Ashgate Research Companion to War provides contributions from a number of theorists and historians with a focus on long term, systemic conflicts. The problmatique is introduced by the Editors highlighting the need for interdisciplinary approaches to the study of war as a global phenomenon. The following 29 essays provide a comprehensive study guide in four Part I explicates differing theories as to the origins of war under the general concept of 'polemology'. Part II analyzes significant conflicts from the Peloponnesian wars to World War II. Part III examines the ramifications of Cold War and post-Cold War conflict. Part IV looks at long cycles of systemic conflict, and speculates, in part, whether another global war is theoretically possible, and if so, whether it can be averted. This comprehensive volume brings us a much needed analysis of wars throughout the ages, their origins, their consequences, and their relationship to the present. A valuable understanding that is ideal for social scientists from a variety of backgrounds. Global health has emerged as a distinct field of academic research and professional activity. Over the last decade, health has become an important element of many nations'foreign policies, a routine agenda item for the G8 and a rapidly expanding focus of bilateral and multilateral development assistance. Some aspects of health, like the spread of easily transmitted communicable diseases, are self-evidently global in an age of rapid, low-cost air travel. Many more reflect the influence of transnational economic integration ('globalization') and its effects on national economies, societies and health systems. In still other cases, like non-communicable diseases in most low- and middle-income countries, the lack of impact on the interests of more powerful actors outside the borders of the affected areas makes it difficult to generate the concern and action on the part of the global community that may be imperative for ethical reasons. This multinational volume of original contributed papers simultaneously provides an overview of the state of current global health scholarship, reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the field, and highlights the most significant issues for research and policy. A comprehensive overview of the latest research in religion and conflict resolution, this collection of twenty three essays brings together leading scholars in the field examining the contribution religious actors have made and are making towards peace and resolving. The Ashgate Research Companion to Religion and Conflict Resolution is primarily aimed at readerships with special interest in conflict resolution, international security, and religion and international relations, and will also serve as a valuable resource for policy makers and conflict resolution practitioners. The collection comprises five thematic sections, each with chapters on vital and mainly contemporary topics in the field of religion and conflict resolution. The principal themes include: ¢ This comprehensive volume brings us a much needed analysis of wars throughout the ages, their origins, their consequences, and their relationship to the present. A valuable understanding that is ideal for social scientists from a variety of backgrounds. Part I explicates differing theories as to the origins of war under the general concept of 'polemology'. Part II analyzes significant conflicts from the Peloponnesian wars to World War II. Part III examines the ramifications of Cold War and post-Cold War conflict. Part IV looks at long cycles of systemic conflict, and speculates, in part, whether another global war is theoretically possible, and if so, whether it can be averted Aimed at scholars and students interested in peace and conflict studies, this companion is a comprehensive resource to the principal debates on political violence. With 27 specially commissioned essays written by leading scholars in the field, this authoritative guide and source book addresses a wide range of issues in a field which is becoming an increasingly important part of courses on peace and conflict. Preface -- Introduction: What Is Secession? / Aleksandar Pavković And Peter Radan -- Secessions: Past And Present -- Secession In Context -- Secession: Legal Perspectives -- Secession: Normative Approaches -- Secessions And Secessionist Movements In The World. Edited By Aleksandar Pavković, Peter Radan. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. How do Non-State Actors matter in international relations? This title recognizes three types of non-state actor: non-governmental organizations (NGOs), intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and, transnational corporations. It illustrates how they play roles alongside nation-states and are interrelated in matters of international regulation. This Companion provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research in religion and conflict resolution and brings together leading scholars in the field who examine the contribution religious actors have made and are making towards peace and conflict resolution. The twenty-three essays are grouped in to five thematic sections. This Companion draws a vivid picture of the full spectrum of topics, issues, and relationships that define China's international interactions. The collection therefore provides a relevant point of departure for anyone interested in learning about Beijing's external affairs. Emilian Kavalski, University of Western Sydney, Australia Preface Introduction: what is secession? / Aleksandar Pavkovic and Peter Radan Map of secessions and secessionist movements Secession: principal aspects Secessions: past and present Secession in context Secession: legal perspectives Secession: normative approaches Secessions and secessionist movements in the world.