The Ashgate Research Companion to Non-State Actors (Ashgate Research Companions)

How do non-state actors matter in international relations? This volume recognizes three types of non-state actor: non-governmental organizations (NGOs), intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and transnational corporations. It illustrates how they play roles alongside nation-states and are interrelated in matters of international regulation and coordination. After an introductory part on current qualitative and quantitative sources, this comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art essays is comprised of four main thematic parts: Part II examines actors other than governments, such as transnational religious actors, business representatives and experts, and also parliamentarians and agencies set up by IGOs. Part III studies the perceptions and understandings in political philosophy, international law and international relations theory. It questions concepts used (civil society, NGO, governance) and covers the limitations to be kept in mind. Part IV analyses the nature and impact of non-state actors. Chapters discuss processes within international bureaucracies (diplomacy, dynamism, bureaucratic power, contribution to democracy) and the quintessence of deliberation and decision making within NGOs and IGOs and of implementation, accountability and dispute settlement. Part V studies specific worlds of non-state actors: humanitarian aid, human rights, security, the North-South divide, health, trade and environment. Accessible and articulately written, The Ashgate Research Companion to Non-State Actors is aimed at a wide readership of scholars and practitioners in international relations. This Comprehensive Research Companion Examines The Theory, Practice And Historical Development Of The Principle Of Federalism From The Ancient Period To The Contemporary World. It Provides A Range Of Interpretations And Integrates Theoretical And Practical Aspects Of Federalism Studies More Fully Than Is Usually The Case. The Volume Identifies And Examines Nascent Conceptions Of The Federal Idea In Ancient And Medieval History And Political Thought Before Considering The Roots Of Modern Federalism In The Ideas Of A Number Of Important European Political Theorists Of The Sixteenth Through Eighteenth Centuries. The Contributors Focus On The Development And Institutionalization Of The Principle Of Federalism In The American Republic And Examine The Historical Development And Central Policy Debates Surrounding European Federalism. The Final Sections Investigate Contemporary Debates About Theories Of Federalism And Regional Experiences Of Federalism In A Global Context Including Africa, India, Australia, The Middle East, And North And South America.--publisher's Description. Introduction To The Volume / Ann Ward And Lee Ward --- Part 1. Classical And Judeo-christian Images Of Federalism. Introduction To Part 1 -- Nascent Federalism And Its Limits In Ancient Greece: Herodotus And Thucydides /ann Ward And Sara Macdonald -- Before Federalism? /thomas Aquinas, Jean Quidort And Nicolas Cusanus, Nicholas Aroney -- The Reformational Legacy Of Theologico-political Federalism / Shaun De Freitas And Andries Raath --- Part 2. The Origins Of Modern Federalism. Introduction To Part 2 -- Johannes Althusius: Between Secular Federalism And The Religious State / Bettina Koch -- Early Dutch And German Federal Theory: Spinoza, Hugo And Leibniz / Lee Ward -- Montesquieu On Federalism And The Problem Of Liberty In The International System / Ann Ward And David S. Fott -- Federalism And David Hume's Perfect Commonwealth / Will R. Jordan And Scott Yenor -- Jean Jacques Rousseau And The Case Against (and For) Federalism / Daniel E. Cullen --^ Kant And Federalism / Joseph M. Knippenberg --- Part 3. Federalism And The Early American Republic: Introduction To Part 3 -- A System Without A Precedent: The Federalism Of The Federalist Papers / Quentin Taylor -- The Anti-federalists And Tocqueville On Federalism: Lessons For Today / David Lewis Schaefer -- Thomas Jefferson's Enlightenment Idea Of Federalism / Peter Mcnamara -- Tocqueville On Federalism As An American Accident / Peter Augustine Lawler -- John C. Calhoun's Federalism And Its Contemporary Echoes / James Read -- A More Perfect Union: Secession, Federalism And Democracy In The Words And Actions Of Lincoln / William Mathie --- Part 4. European Federalism: Introduction To Part 4 -- Confederation, Federal State And Federation: Around Louis Le Fur / Guillaume Barrera -- Looking Into Medusa's Eyes: Carl Schmitt On Federalism /nicolas Patrici -- Alterio Spinelli And European Federalism / Roberto Castaldi --^ Polyvalent Federalism: Johannes Althusius To Edvard Kardelj And Titoism / Matthew Mccullock -- A 'european' Federalism: From Alterio Spinelli To The Eu Constitutional Treaty / Francesca Vassallo -- From Laeken To Lisbon: Europe's Experiment With Constitutional Federalism / Martyn De Bruyn --- Part 5. Contemporary Theories Of Federalism: Introduction To Part 5 -- The Covenant Tradition Of Federalism: The Pioneering Studies Of Daniel J. Elazar / Glenn A. Moots -- William Riker's Rationalist Federalism / Benjamin Kleinerman -- Theories Of Fiscal Federalism And The European Experience / Alberto Majocchi -- Postmodern Federalism And Sub-state Nationalism / Greg Marchildon --- Part 6. Regional Experiences Of Federalism: Introduction To Part 6 -- Federalism In Africa: An Indigenous Idea With A Colonial History / Sara Jordan -- Australian Federalism: An Innovation In Constitutionalism / Haig Patapan -- India: A Model Of Cooperative Federalism /akhtar Majeed --^ Federalism: The Latin American Experience / Julián Durazo Hermann -- Federalism Or Islam? Ibn Khaldun On Islam And Politics / Khalil Habib -- The Rehnquist Court And The 'new Federalism' / Jack Wade Nowlin -- Conclusion / Ann Ward And Lee Ward. Edited By By Ann Ward And Lee Ward. Includes Index. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Representative democracy : Rosanvallon on the French experience / Frank Ankersmit Direct democracy, ancient and modern / Mogens Herman Hansen Neither ancient nor modern : Rousseau's theory of democracy / Gabriella Silvestrini Representative government or republic? : Sieyès on good government / Christine Fauré Democratic politics and the dynamic of passions / Chantal Mouffe Disobedient state and faithful citizen? : re-locating politics in the age of globalization / Olivia Guaraldo The gendered "subjects" of political representation / Tuija Pulkkinen Political rhetoric and the role of ridicule / Quentin Skinner Political times and the rhetoric of democratization / Kari Palonen Democratization and the instrumentalization of the past / Irène Herrmann The rhetoric of intellectual manifestos from World War I to the War Against Terrorism / Marcus Llanque City squats and women's struggle : feminist political action as public performance / Anna Schober Spectres of totality / Simona Forti Women's partial citizenship : cleavages and conflicts concerning women's citizenship in theory and practice / Claudia Wiesner Gendering political representation? : the debate on gender parity in France / Laure Bereni Political professionalism and representative democracy : common history, irresolvable linkage and inherent tensions / Jens Borchert Democratization and professionalization : the disappearance of the polling officer in Germany and the introduction of computer democracy / Hubertus Buchstein The history of parliamentary democracy in Denmark in comparative perspective / Uffe Jakobsen A long and hard process of democratization : political representation, elections and democracy in contemporary Spain / Gonzalo Capellssn Do political parties matter? : direct democracy and electoral struggles in Switzerland in the nineteenth century / Pierre-Antoine Schorderet The breakthrough of universal suffrage in Finland, 1905-1906 / Jussi Kurunmäki Nationalism, constitutionalism and democratization : the Basque question in perspective / José Marøa Rosales The dis-/appearance of the demos / Meike Schmidt-Gleim. Introduction -- Basic Npm Ideas And Their Development -- The Political-administrative Design Of Npm -- The Relevance Of Culture For Npm -- New Public Organisations: A Revivalist Movement -- Npm In Anglo-saxon Countries -- Public Management Reform In Continental Europe: National Distinctiveness -- Npm In Scandinavia -- Npm In Asian Countries -- Healthcare States And Medical Professions: The Challenges From Npm -- Npm, Network Governance And The University As A Changing Professional Organization -- Npm Ideas And Social Welfare Administration -- Utility Regulation And Npm -- Structural Devolution To Agencies -- Managing Performance And Auditing Performance -- Managerialism And Models Of Management -- Privatization -- A Transformative Perspective On Public-private Partnerships -- Npm And The Search For Efficiency -- Unions, Corporatist Participation And Npm -- Npm: Restoring The Public Trust Through Creating Distrust? -- Scientization -- An Aftermath Of Npm: Regained Relevance Of Public Values And Public Service Motivation -- Serving The Public? Users, Consumers And The Limits Of Npm -- Responses To Npm: From Input Democracy To Output Democracy -- Normativity And Npm: A Need For Some Theoretical Coherence -- Beyond Npm? Some Development Features -- Reinventing Weber: The Role Of Institutions In Creating Social Trust -- Public Governance And Public Services: A 'brave New World' Or New Wine In Old Bottles?. Edited By Tom Christensen, Per Lægreid. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. This volume collects 34 essays reviewing current understandings of qualitative and quantitative research on non-state actors, understood for the purposes of the collection as being comprised of non-governmental organizations, intergovernmental organizations, and transnational corporations that have a role in international regulation and coordination. The essays are presented by editor Reinalda (Radboud U. Nijmegen, the Netherlands) in five parts. The first, which includes the introduction, looks at sources of information. The second considers international roles of different types of non-state actors. Perceptions and understandings of non-state actors is the theme of the third. The fourth considers "nature and impact," including the impact of non-state actors on processes within or related to international bureaucracies; the nature of agenda setting and decision making within non-governmental and intergovernmental organizations; and the nature of policy implementation, accountability, and dispute settlement in relation to non-governmental and intergovernmental organizations. The final theme is "separate worlds," including the separate worlds of humanitarian aid, human rights, and global security; the separate worlds of global North and global South; and the separate worlds of health, trade, and the environment. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com) This comprehensive research companion examines the theory, practice and historical development of the principle of federalism from the ancient period to the contemporary world. It provides a range of interpretations and integrates theoretical and practical aspects of federalism studies more fully than is usually the case. The volume identifies and examines nascent conceptions of the federal idea in ancient and medieval history and political thought before considering the roots of modern federalism in the ideas of a number of important European political theorists of the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries. The contributors focus on the development and institutionalization of the principle of federalism in the American Republic and examine the historical development and central policy debates surrounding European federalism. The final sections investigate contemporary debates about theories of federalism and regional experiences of federalism in a global context including Africa, India, Australia, the Middle East, and North and South America. The scope and range of this volume is unparalleled; it will provide the reader with a firm understanding of federalism as issues of federalism promise to play an ever more important role in shaping our world. Examining the past, present and future formulation and implementation of US foreign policy, this research companion provides a range of interpretations of the topic so that the reader comes away with a clear knowledge of the academic and policy debates that define the field. The volume focuses on American foreign policy from both historical and political science analytical perspectives and divides into three sections: - The first section studies the history of US foreign policy and examines a range of approaches to, and theories on, the conduct of US foreign policy. - Section two focuses on US foreign policy in a regional format, with coverage ranging from Latin America and Europe to the Greater Middle East and Asia. - The final section addresses the present and future of US foreign policy, placing an emphasis on the extent to which strains of continuity and change have characterized America's approach to global affairs since the events of 9/11. Above all, the volume is designed as a research guide that will both inform readers on the basics of US foreign policy and provide a look ahead at the means through which American policy makers will meet the future in an increasingly complex international system. "While skepticism about the role of moral considerations in international politics has been influential within the discipline of international relations (IR), those writing on topics such as war, peace, rights and trade up until the twentieth century took seriously the importance of ethical values and moral debates. The 1990s and 2000s have seen a substantial growth of attention to the ways in which IR conceives and analyzes themes of an ethical nature, and how issues, problems and policies involving ethics are addressed by a variety of actors within the international system. This indispensable research companion widens the perspective from 'ethics and international relations' to 'ethics in international relations', redressing the (mis)perception that ethical concepts, principles, norms and rules are not in part constitutive of the international system and the agents acting within that system. Necessarily cross-disciplinary, expertise is drawn from IR and also philosophy, political theory, religious studies, history and law, making this an ideal volume for any library reference collection." Publisher's description "Discussing the major theories of political leadership with a focus on contemporary challenges that political leaders face worldwide, this research companion provides a comprehensive and up-to-date resource for an international readership. The editors combine empirical and normative approaches to emphasize the centrality of political culture, as well as the limits of culture and the universal demands of innovative adaptation. The volume examines: classical and contemporary theories of political leadership; great leadership, both national and international; politically influential religions and religious-political leadership; social movements' leadership; tensions between political leadership and other forms of leadership (e.g. judicial, corporate); and, postmodern and feminist challenges to traditional notions of political leadership. Above all, this volume is a guide for further research in political leadership theories, comparative case studies of political leadership, and the clarification of future contexts for political leadership."--Publisher description

Discussing the major theories of political leadership with a focus on contemporary challenges that political leaders face worldwide, this research companion provides a comprehensive and up-to-date resource for an international readership. The editors combine empirical and normative approaches to emphasize the centrality of political culture, as well as the limits of culture and the universal demands of innovative adaptation. The volume examines: classical and contemporary theories of political leadership; great leadership, both national and international; politically influential religions and religious-political leadership; social movements' leadership; tensions between political leadership and other forms of leadership (e.g. judicial, corporate); postmodern and feminist challenges to traditional notions of political leadership. Above all, this volume is a guide for further research in political leadership theories, comparative case studies of political leadership, and the clarification of future contexts for political leadership.

"'Democratization' is a concept often used in academic book titles, yet not many of them deal with the initial breakthrough of democratization. This research companion presents an alternative view to the widespread assumption that Western democracies should be the normative reference for the study of democratization elsewhere. Rather, it questions the universal validity of such an assumption by searching the history of European politics and by paying specific attention to the struggles of democratization accomplished outside Western Europe. The authors apply a comparative approach to analyzing debates in the primary sources in a number of countries and languages and situate the results into a broader European context. Focusing on European democratization from different historical and analytical perspectives, they discuss the politics, concepts and histories involved in democratization as a complex of changes that has altered the conditions of political action and debate in the continent for the past two centuries."--Publisher's description This research collection provides a comprehensive study of important strategic, cultural, ethical and philosophical aspects of modern warfare. It offers a refreshing analysis of key issues in modern warfare, not only in terms of the conduct of war and the wider complexities and ramifications of modern conflict, but also concepts of war, the crucial shifts in the structure of warfare, and the morality and legality of the use of force in a post-9/11 age. The collection focuses on strategies of war, conduct and control, before progressing to studies of the evolving nature of warfare, its privatization, new electronic methods and the financing of war. The reality and impact of warfare is analyzed through notions of legality, ethics and morality while the final section addresses the way we understand warfare, focusing on media representations, imagery and memory to explain why confrontation, conflict and combat have been and are likely to remain a pivotal part of human society and a deciding factor in international affairs Part 2 examines the question of convergence or divergence among countries. Four families of countries with different state traditions are examined: Anglo-Saxon countries, Continental Europe, Asian countries and Scandinavia. Part 3 addresses developments in specific sectors and policy areas such as the 'soft' welfare sector where reforms have taken place in the hospital system, universities and the welfare administration, and the 'harder' sectors like the regulation of utilities in areas such as telecommunications and energy. Part 4 focuses on specific features and components of NPM including structural devolution, autonomy, performance management, competition and privatization and public-private partnerships. Part 5 raises the important question of the effects and implications of NPM reforms. This section analyzes both the more direct and the narrower effects on efficiency and the broader impact on democracy, trust and public sector values This collection provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of current research in the field of New Public Management (NPM) reform. Aimed primarily at a readership with a special interest in contemporary public-sector reforms, "The Ashgate Research Companion to New Public Management" offers a refreshing and up-to-date analysis of key issues of modern administrative reforms. This volume comprises a general introduction and twenty-nine chapters divided into six thematic sessions, each with chapters ranging across a variety of crucial topics in the field of New Public Management reforms and beyond. The principal themes to be addressed are: Part 1 focuses on the processes and driving forces examining the 'why' question. Basic theoretical foundations are discussed as well as considering the importance of institutional environments, copying, diffusion and translation of reform ideas and solutions among countries This collection provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of current research in the field of New Public Management (NPM) reform. Aimed primarily at a readership with a special interest in contemporary public-sector reforms, the book offers a refreshing and up-to-date analysis of key issues of modern administrative reforms. This volume comprises a general introduction and twenty-nine chapters divided into six thematic sessions, each with chapters ranging across a variety of crucial topics in the field of New Public Management reforms and beyond Part 6 goes beyond the NPM movement and asks what new trends are occurring. Questions are examined by focusing on whole-of-government initiatives, Neo-Weberian models and new public governance as a new trend. Covering not only the NPM movement in general but also the driving forces behind the reform and its various trajectories and special features, this important contribution is essential reading for students and anyone wanting to expand their knowledge of administrative reform "This collection provides a comprehensive study of important strategic, cultural, ethical, and philosophical aspects of modern warfare. [book title] offers a refreshing analysis of key issues in modern warfare, not only in terms of the conduct of war and the wider complexities and ramifications of modern conflict, but also on concepts of war, the crucial shifts in the structure of warfare and the morality and legality of the use of force in a post-9/11 age."--Book jacket This indispensable research companion widens the perspective of moral consideration in international relations from 'ethics and international relations' to 'ethics in international relations', redressing the (mis)perception that ethical concepts, principles, norms and rules are not in part constitutive of the international system and the agents acting within that system There exists no comprehensive volume on the democratization in Europe from the eighteenth century to the present. This volume offers scholars, students, politicians, journalists and other interested readers a picture that avoids anachronisms by reminding them of the topics and problems that political agents have faced before the quasi-universal acceptance of democracy. How do Non-State Actors matter in international relations? This title recognizes three types of non-state actor: non-governmental organizations (NGOs), intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and, transnational corporations. It illustrates how they play roles alongside nation-states and are interrelated in matters of international regulation. Discusses the major theories of political leadership with a focus on contemporary challenges that political leaders face worldwide. This title combines empirical and normative approaches to emphasize the centrality of political culture, as well as the limits of culture and the universal demands of innovative adaptation. Edited By Robert J. Pauly, Jr. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [317]-332) And Index.