The Armenians in the medieval Islamic world. Vol. 1 : paradigms of interaction : seventh to fourteenth centuries : The Arab period in Armīnyah : seventh to eleventh centuries

In this first of a massive three-volume work, Seta B. Dadoyan studies the Armenian experience in the medieval Islamic world and takes the reader through hitherto undiscovered paradigmatic cases of interaction with other populations in the region. Being an Armenian, Dadoyan argues, means having an ethnic ancestry laden with narratives drawn from the vast historic Armenian habitat. Contradictory trends went into the making of Armenian history, yet most narratives fail to reflect this rich texture. Linking Armenian-Islamic history is one way of dealing with the problem. Dadoyan's concern is also to outline revolutionary elements in the making of Armenian ideologies and politics. This extensive work captures the multidimensional nature of the Armenian experience in the medieval Islamic world. The author holds that every piece of literature, including historical writing, is an artifact. It is a composition of many elements arranged in certain forms: order, sequence, proportion, detail, intensity, etc. The author has composed and arranged the larger subjects and their sub-themes in such a way as to create an open, dynamic continuity to Armenian history that is intellectually intriguing, aesthetically appealing, and close to lived experiences. Contents of Forthcoming Volumes in This Series 12 Transliteration Tables 22 Prologue 24 Introduction 30 I. Armenian Historiography and the Book as an Argument 30 II. Introduction to Volume One 34 1 Factors in the Pre-Islamic Armenian Condition—Fourth–Seventh Centuries 42 I. East–West Rivalries: Kings, Catholicoi, Naxarars, Common People 42 II. The Cultural Policies and the Legacy of Fundamental Loyalties of the Classical Age 47 III. Definitions of Armenian Orthodoxy and the Synthesis of Eznik (mid-Fifth Century) 51 A. The Book of Dissidents or Refutation of Sects (Ełc Ałandoc‘) 51 B. The Fundamentals of Eznik’s Synthesis 53 IV. Early Armenian Social–Religious Dissent 54 A. The Eustathian Heretics of Sivās—Canons of the Council of Gangra (c.374) 55 B. The Councils of Šahapiwan (447/8) and Dwin (554/5)—Messalians, Nestorians, Paulicians 62 2 Early Arab Campaigns and the Regulation of Relations According to the Medīnan Legacy 72 I. Medieval Armīnyah between Byzantium and the Islamic World—The Early Period 72 II. A Brief Survey of Sources—Arab and Armenian 75 III. Early Arab Campaigns: Armīnyah between Arabs and Byzantines 80 IV. Regulation of Islamic–Armenian Relations 85 A. The Treaty of Mu‘āwiyah (652) 85 B. The Treaty of Habīb Ibn Maslamah (654) 86 V. The Medīnan Legacy as Paradigm for Islamic–Armenian Treatises 87 A. The 652 Treaty as a Link in the Tradition of Medīnan Oath 87 B. The Alleged “Prophet’s Oath to the Armenians,” and the Jerusalem Connection 89 3 The Umayyad Period and the Reconfirmation of Oaths 94 I. The Early Decades 95 II. Change of Status in 692–693/73H 96 III. Muhammad Ibn Marwān, the Rebellion of 703 and the Reconfirmation—The “Little Manšūr” 98 IV. Continuation of the Legacy: The “Covenant” of Caliph ‘Umar II to Catholicos Ōjnec‘i 99 V. The Later Umayyad Period in Armenia: Dissidence and Heterodoxy as Paradigms of Interaction 104 4 The Armenians in the ‘Abbāsid World—The Paradigms of Borderlands and Dissidence 110 I. The ‘Abbāsids and the Persian–Islamic Legacies 110 II. The ‘Abbāsid Project of Borderlands 111 III. Armenia under the ‘Abbāsids to the Year 862/248H 114 IV. The Arab Tribal Emirates in Armenia 116 V. Dissident Versus Orthodox Politics—Paulicians, Babakians, and T‘ondrakians 119 A. Social Unrest in Apahunik‘ and Siwnik‘ in the Ninth–Tenth Centuries 119 B. Paulicians, T‘ondrakians, and Babakians—Paradigm of Near Eastern Dissidence 120 VI. Paradigms of Syncretism and the Borderlands: The Paulician–Muslim Alliance—Digenis Akritis as History 125 A. The Paulicians and the Muslim Alliance 125 B. Digenis Akritis: Epic and History 131 C. Digenis Akritis: Summary and Highlights of the Grottoferrata and Escorial Versions 135 5 Armenian Dynastic Principalities or the “Age of Kingdoms” 142 I. The Bagratunis and Arcrunis 142 II. The Tenth Century: Prosperity and Turmoil 146 III. The Hamdānids in Armenia and North Shām 150 IV. The “Crusade” of Tzimiskes and Armenian Settlements 153 V. Basil II the “Bulgar-Slayer” (976–1025) and the Armenians—The Watershed 158 VI. The Last Armenian “Kingdoms” 160 VII. Reformist-T‘ondrakian Episodes—1000–1054/5 163 Summary: The Argumentsin Volume One 176 Bibliography 184 Appendix 210 General Index 214 In the second of a three-volume work, Seta B. Dadoyan explores the Armenian condition from the 970s to the end of the fourteenth century. This period marked the gradual loss of semi-autonomy on the traditional mainland and the rise of Armenian power of diverging patterns in southeastern Asia Minor, north Syria, Cilicia, and Egypt