The archaeology of measurement : comprehending Heaven, Earth and time in ancient societies

The construction of formal measurement systems underlies the development of science and technology, economy, and new ways of understanding and explaining the world. Human societies have developed such systems in different ways in different places and at different times, and recent archaeological investigations highlight the importance of these activities for fundamental aspects of human life. The construction of measurement systems constituted new means for recognising and engaging with the material world, and their implications, and the motivations behind them, also extend beyond the material world. Developments such as the precise reckoning of the passage of time highlighted patterns and causal relationships in nature. Measurement systems have provided the structure for addressing key concerns of cosmological belief systems, as well as the means for articulating relationships between the human form, human action, and the world and new understandings of relationships between events in the terrestrial world and beyond. The Archaeology of Measurement explores the archaeological evidence for the development of measuring activities in numerous ancient societies, as well as the implications of these discoveries for an understanding of their worlds and beliefs. Featuring contributions from a cast of internationally renowned scholars, it analyzes the relationships between measurement, economy, architecture, symbolism, time, cosmology, ritual, and religion among prehistoric and early historic societies throughout the world." Number : Counting, Mathematics And Measure -- Conceptualising Quantification Before Settlement : Activities And Issues Underlying The Conception And Use Of Measurement / Iain Morley -- Measurement In Navigation : Conceiving Distance And Time In The Neolithic / Helen Farr -- The Token System Of The Ancient Near East : It's Role In Counting, Writing, The Economy And Cognition / Denise Schmandt-besserat -- Grasping The Concept Of Number : How Did The Sapient Mind Move Beyond Approximation? / Lambros Malafouris -- Numerical Cognition And The Development Of 'zero' In Mesoamerica / John Justeson -- Recording Measure(ment)s In The Inka Khipu / Gary Urton -- Materialising The Economy -- Measuring By Weight In The Late Bronze Age Aegean : The People Behind The Measuring Tools / Anna Michailidou -- The Concept Of Weighing During The Bronze Age In The Aegean, The Near East And Europe / Lorenz Rahmstorf -- Measuring The Harappan World : Insights Into The Indus Order And Cosmology / J. Mark Kenoyer -- Dimension And Belief -- Architectural Measurements In The Indus Cities : The Case Study Of Mohenjo-daro / Michael Jansen --dtteotihuacan City Layout As A Cosmogram : Preliminary Results Of The 2007 Measurement Unit Study / Saburo Sagiyama -- Aztec Dimensions Of Holiness / John E. Clark -- Establishing Direction In Early Egyptian Burials And Monumental Architecture : Measurement And The Spatial Link With The 'other' / Kate Spence -- Calendar And Cosmology -- The Measurement Of Time And Distance In The Heavens Above Mesopotamia, With Brief Reference Made To Other Ancient Astral Sciences / David Brown -- Evolution Of The Calendar In Shang China / Mark Edward Lewis -- The Measure Of Time In Mesoamerica : From Teotihuacan To The Maya / Anthony F. Aveni -- Measuring Time, Sacred Space, And Social Place In The Inca Empire / Charles Stanish -- Measuring Time In The European Neolithic? The Function And Meaning Of Central European Circular Enclosures / Peter F. Biehl -- The Spirituality Of Measure -- The Roots Of Spirituality And The Limits Of Human Mensuration / F. Leron Shultz -- Worldview, Measurement And 'the Roots Of Spirituality' / Jeremy S. Bagbie. Edited By Iain Morley, Colin Renfrew. Papers Originally Presented At A Symposium Held At The Mcdonald Institute For Archaeological Research, Cambridge. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Number : counting, mathematics and measure. Conceptualising quantification before settlement : activities and issues underlying the conception and use of measurement / Iain Morley ; Measurement in navigation : conceiving distance and time in the Neolithic / Helen Farr ; The token system of the ancient Near East : it's role in counting, writing, the economy and cognition / Denise Schmandt-Besserat ; Grasping the concept of number : how did the sapient mind move beyond approximation? / Lambros Malafouris ; Numerical cognition and the development of 'zero' in Mesoamerica / John Justeson ; Recording measure(ment)s in the Inka khipu / Gary Urton Materialising the economy. Measuring by weight in the late Bronze Age Aegean : the people behind the measuring tools / Anna Michailidou ; The concept of weighing during the Bronze Age in the Aegean, the Near East and Europe / Lorenz Rahmstorf ; Measuring the Harappan world : insights into the Indus order and cosmology / J. Mark Kenoyer Dimension and belief. Architectural measurements in the Indus cities : the case study of Mohenjo-Daro / Michael Jansen ; Teotihuacan city layout as a cosmogram : preliminary results of the 2007 Measurement Unit Study / Saburo Sagiyama ; Aztec dimensions of holiness / John E. Clark ; Establishing direction in early Egyptian burials and monumental architecture : measurement and the spatial link with the 'other' / Kate Spence Calendar and cosmology. The measurement of time and distance in the heavens above Mesopotamia, with brief reference made to other ancient astral sciences / David Brown ; Evolution of the calendar in Shang China / Mark Edward Lewis ; The measure of time in Mesoamerica : from Teotihuacan to the Maya / Anthony F. Aveni ; Measuring time, sacred space, and social place in the Inca Empire / Charles Stanish ; Measuring time in the European Neolithic? The function and meaning of central European circular enclosures / Peter F. Biehl The spirituality of measure. The roots of spirituality and the limits of human mensuration / F. LeRon Shultz ; Worldview, meaasurement and 'the roots of spirituality' / Jeremy S. Bagbie.