The Aqueous Chemistry of Polonium and the Practical Application of its Thermochemistry

__The Aqueous Chemistry of Polonium and the Practical Application of its Thermochemistry__ provides a thermochemical database and derived pH-potential diagrams to give readers a better understanding of polonium behavior. The book provides an introduction to polonium and its physical and chemical properties, as well as a detailed overview of polonium’s chemical thermodynamics. Drawing on the knowledge of expert authors, the book provides key insights for those working with polonium across a range of different fields, from mining industry professionals and analytical chemists, to environmental remediation scientists. The Aqueous Chemistry of Polonium and the Practical Application of Its Thermochemistry Copyright Contents 1 Polonium References 2 Physical and chemical properties 2.1 Isotopes of polonium 2.2 Elemental polonium 2.2.1 Physical properties 2.2.2 Chemical properties 2.3 Oxidation states of polonium 2.3.1 Chemical properties 2.4 Polonium oxides, hydroxides, and hydrides 2.4.1 Physical properties 2.4.2 Chemical properties 2.5 Polonium halides 2.5.1 Physical properties 2.5.2 Chemical properties 2.6 Polonides, polonites, and the polonium compounds with other chalcogens 2.6.1 Physical properties 2.6.2 Chemical properties 2.7 Polonium nitrates 2.7.1 Chemical properties 2.8 Solvent extraction of polonium 2.9 Polonium ion exchange 2.10 Other behavior References 3 Chemical thermodynamics of polonium 3.1 General principles 3.1.1 Ionic strength corrections 3.2 Thermochemical properties for polonium species 3.2.1 Po(s), Po(g), and Po2(g) 3.2.2 Po2− 3.2.3 Po2+ 3.2.4 PoO2(s) 3.2.5 H2PoO3(aq) 3.2.6 PoO32− 3.2.7 HPoO3− 3.2.8 PoO2+ and PoOOH+ 3.2.9 PoO3(s) 3.2.10 H2Po(aq) and HPo− 3.2.11 PoCl2(s) 3.2.12 PoCl4(s) 3.2.13 PoCl42− 3.2.14 PoCl+, PoCl2(aq), and PoCl3− 3.2.15 PoCl62− 3.2.16 PoOHCl4− 3.2.17 PoOCl42− and PoO(OH)Cl2− 3.2.18 PoBr2(s) 3.2.19 PoBr4(s) 3.2.20 PoI2(s) and PoI4(s) 3.2.21 PoI5− and PoI62− 3.2.22 PoS(s) 3.2.23 PoSO4(s) 3.2.24 PoOSO4(aq) and PoO(SO4)22− 3.2.25 Po(SO4)2·H2O(s) and PoO(SO4)34− 3.2.26 (PoO)2OSO4(s) 3.2.27 PoSO4(aq) 3.2.28 (PoO)2OSeO4(s) 3.2.29 PoOSeO4(aq) and PoO(SeO4)22− 3.2.30 Ag2PoO3(s) 3.2.31 PbPo(s), HgPo(s), ZnPo(s), NiPo(s), and Ag2Po(s) 3.2.32 Other metal polonides 3.2.33 (PoO)2(NO3)3OH(s) 3.2.34 PoONO3+, PoO(NO3)2(aq), and PoO(NO3)3− 3.2.35 Po(CN)62− 3.2.36 PoO(CN)2(s) 3.2.37 Organic complexes of polonium 3.2.38 Summary of thermochemical data References 4 The pH-potential diagram for polonium 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The polonium–water system 4.3 Construction of pH-potential diagrams References 5 The use of pH–potential diagrams in practical applications 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Derivation of pH–potential diagrams 5.3 The aqueous speciation of polonium, selenium, tellurium, and lead 5.4 Case study—polonium behavior during anode slimes processing 5.4.1 Anode slimes processing 5.4.1.1 Copper anode (raw) slimes 5.4.1.2 Decopperization 5.4.1.3 Cyanidation 5.4.1.4 Zinc precipitation 5.4.1.5 Aciding and silver recovery 5.4.2 Overview 5.4.3 Oxidation experiments 5.4.3.1 Oxidation using calcium hypochlorite 5.4.3.2 Oxidation using sodium hypochlorite 5.4.4 Acid leaching experiments 5.4.4.1 Sulfuric acid leaching 5.4.4.2 Leaching with different leachants 5.4.5 Preparation of lead/polonium sulfate 5.4.6 Discussion 5.5 Case study—polonium behavior during silver and gold electrorefining 5.6 Case study—polonium in seawater 5.7 Case study—autodeposition of polonium 5.8 Case study—the mineral processing of rare earth minerals References 6 Conclusions Reference Appendix 1 Thermochemical data References Appendix 2 Polonium Hydroxochloride Complexation References Index The Aqueous Chemistry of Polonium and the Practical Application of its Thermochemistry provides a thermochemical database and derived pH-potential diagrams to give readers a better understanding of polonium behavior. The book provides an introduction to polonium and its physical and chemical properties, as well as a detailed overview of polonium's chemical thermodynamics. Drawing on the knowledge of expert authors, the book provides key insights for those working with polonium across a range of different fields, from mining industry professionals and analytical chemists, to environmental remediation scientists. Provides a unique and detailed review of polonium chemistry Presents pH-potential diagrams for polonium and case studies showing their use in practice Reviews the practical use of polonium in a range of different applications