The Anthropology of Conservation NGOs: Rethinking the Boundaries (Palgrave Studies in Anthropology of Sustainability)

Prés. de l'éd. : This book explores how NGOs have been influential in shaping global biodiversity, conservation policy, and practice. It encapsulates a growing body of literature that has questioned the mandates, roles, and effectiveness of these organizations-and the critique of these critics. This volume seeks to nurture an open conversation about contemporary NGO practices through analysis and engagement Dedication 6 Contents 7 List of Contributors 10 List of Figures 12 List of Tables 13 Chapter 1: Introduction: Rethinking the Boundaries of Conservation NGOs 14 Introduction 14 Conservation NGOs as Boundary Organizations 17 Boundaries of Action 19 The Contents of This Book 21 Concluding Remarks 25 Notes 27 References 27 Chapter 2: The Good, the Ugly and the ‘Dirty Harry’s of Conservation: Rethinking the Anthropology of Conservation NGOs 29 Introduction1 29 Methodology 32 The Good Conservationist and the Bad ‘Other’ 33 The Ugly Conservationist 35 The ‘Dirty Harry’ of Conservation 39 Doing Good in the Peruvian Amazon 42 The Ugly Conservationist? 45 Is ‘Dirty Harry’ in the Amazon? 47 Discussion: Approaching NGO Complexity 50 Concluding Remarks: Rethinking the Anthropology of Conservation NGOs 51 Notes 53 References 54 Chapter 3: Anthropology of Conservation NGOs: Learning from a Sectoral Approach to the Study of NGOs 59 Introduction 59 Studying Conservation NGOs 60 Basic Findings from the Sectoral Study 65 Insights into the Functioning of Networks 70 Polemical Insights 73 Analogies from Research into Development NGOs 77 Concluding Remarks 78 References 80 Chapter 4: Business, Biodiversity and New ‘Fields’ of Conservation: The World Conservation Congress and the Renegotiation of Organisational Order 83 Introduction 83 ‘Nature Is Our Business’: Conservation, ‘Private Sector Engagement’ and the Culture of Meetings 85 Why Meetings? 87 Meetings as a New ‘Field’ 92 Structure, Orchestration and Spectacle: Renegotiating the Organisational Order of the IUCN 95 Approaching the Meeting 95 Structure 97 Orchestration 103 Spectacle 110 The Incompleteness of Spectacle and Orchestration 116 Concluding Remarks 118 Notes 122 References 129 Chapter 5: The Strategies and Effectiveness of Conservation NGOs in the Global Voluntary Standards: The Case of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil 132 Introduction 132 The Importance of the NGO Effectiveness Question to Research 135 Methodology 136 Argument 137 How the RSPO Is Formally Functioning 137 The Various Strategies of the NGOs 139 Collaborative NGOs’ Strategies and Their Limitations 139 Limitation of the Collaborative Approach to Conserve Biodiversity Areas 141 Limitation of the Collaborative Approach to Conserving Primary Forests 143 Limitations of the Collaborative Approach to Mobilise Climate Arguments 144 Opponent NGOs’ Strategies and Their Limitations 147 Opportunistic NGOs’ Strategies and Their Limitations 149 Sceptic NGOs’ Strategies and Their Limitations 150 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives 151 Notes 154 References 155 Chapter 6: Investigating the Consistency of a Pro-market Perspective Amongst Conservationists 161 Introduction 162 Neoliberal Conservation and Its Critics 162 The Circulation of Ideas Within Epistemic Communities 164 Methods 165 Q Methodology 167 Participants 168 Data Collection: The Interview 172 Q Data Analysis 172 Results 174 Points of Consensus Among All Factors from Both Studies 174 Factor One: Stability Across Both Studies 175 Various Sceptical Perspectives Within the Remaining Factors 177 Cambridge Factor Two: Evidence-Oriented Market Sceptics 178 Cambridge Factor Three: Social Outcome-Focused Realists 179 Discussion 181 Concluding Remarks 185 Notes 186 References 187 Chapter 7: Conservation Jujutsu, or How Conservation NGOs Use Market Forces to Save Nature from Markets in Southern Chile 191 Introduction 191 Neoliberalism, Conservation and NGOs 193 Why Chile? 198 The Rise and Rise of Private Protected Areas in Chile 199 Concluding Remarks 206 Notes 208 References 208 Chapter 8: Strengths and Limitations of Conservation NGOs in Meeting Local Needs 212 Introduction 212 Political Representation 215 Conservation NGOs and Launching of the Nigeria-­REDD Programme 219 Genesis of the Nigeria-REDD Programme 219 NGO Involvement in Validating the Nigeria-REDD Proposal 221 Limitations of NGOs Involved in Launching Nigeria-REDD 226 Concluding Remarks 229 Notes 231 References 231 Chapter 9: Misreading the Conservation Landscape 235 Introduction 235 Ways in Which the Social Sciences Have Improved Conservation Practise 237 Showing That Conservation Is More Than Biology 237 Remembering History I 237 Remembering History II 238 Acknowledging People: Conservation Is Practised by People with a Mixture of Ethical Positions 238 The Culture of Conservation and the Culture of Conservationists 238 Valuable Social Research and Interdisciplinary Collaboration 239 Conservation Through a Glass, Darkly: Remaining Challenges for Collaboration 239 Conservation Is One Thing, with One Practise and One Set of Practitioners 239 Conservation Occurs in Epochs 240 All Parks Are the Same, and They Are Only About the Protection of Biodiversity 241 Conservation Is Only About Parks 242 Conservation Is Only a Project of the Developed World’s Elite Inhabitants 242 Conservation in General and Parks in Particular Are Bad for Local People 243 Marketing of Nature Is a Modern Phenomenon 244 Conservation in One Part of the World Is the Same as in Other Parts of the World 244 What Is Published by Conservationists Is Representative 245 Discussion 245 References 249 Discussion Forum: Conservation Thinkers and Practitioners Respond 250 10. Steven R. Brechin: Returning Greater Integrity to the Conservation Mission in a Post-­Neoliberal World 251 References 256 11. David Cleary: What are the Grounds Needed for Dialogue? 257 Notes 263 12. Ashish Kothari: Rethinking Conservation Epistemologies 264 Notes 267 13. Diane Russell: Beyond NGOs: The Institutional Imperative 268 Notes 271 14. Kartik Shanker, Siddhartha Krishnan, and Marianne Manuel: The Politics of Conservation: Deconstructing The South 272 Two Turtle Tales 272 Fueling the Forest Fire 274 Conclusion 276 References 277 15. Ed Tongson: The Lessons of Hands of Experience 278 16. David Wilkie: Looking Over Fences will not Promote Engagement 281 Index 284 Front Matter ....Pages i-xv Introduction: Rethinking the Boundaries of Conservation NGOs (Peter Bille Larsen, Dan Brockington)....Pages 1-15 The Good, the Ugly and the ‘Dirty Harry’s of Conservation: Rethinking the Anthropology of Conservation NGOs (Peter Bille Larsen)....Pages 17-46 Anthropology of Conservation NGOs: Learning from a Sectoral Approach to the Study of NGOs (Dan Brockington, Katherine Scholfield, Richard Ladle)....Pages 47-70 Business, Biodiversity and New ‘Fields’ of Conservation: The World Conservation Congress and the Renegotiation of Organisational Order (Kenneth Iain MacDonald)....Pages 71-119 The Strategies and Effectiveness of Conservation NGOs in the Global Voluntary Standards: The Case of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (Denis Ruysschaert, Denis Salles)....Pages 121-149 Investigating the Consistency of a Pro-market Perspective Amongst Conservationists (Libby Blanchard, Chris G. Sandbrook, Janet A. Fisher, Bhaskar Vira)....Pages 151-180 Conservation Jujutsu, or How Conservation NGOs Use Market Forces to Save Nature from Markets in Southern Chile (George Holmes)....Pages 181-201 Strengths and Limitations of Conservation NGOs in Meeting Local Needs (Emmanuel O. Nuesiri)....Pages 203-225 Misreading the Conservation Landscape (Kent H. Redford)....Pages 227-241 Back Matter ....Pages 243-289 This book explores how NGOs have been particularly influential in shaping global policies and practices concerning biodiversity conservation. The chapter authors recount how the influence and presence of NGOs grew exponentially in the years following the first Rio Summit, which lead to the expansion of field offices and projects in the Global North, as well as the mushrooming of Southern conservation NGOs. Still, within the last decade, a growing body of literature has questioned the mandates, roles, and effectiveness of these organizations. This book seeks to nurture an open conversation about the lessons and insights to be gleaned from the various forms and methods of anthropological engagement with conservation NGOs. Prés. de l'éd. : This book explores how NGOs have been influential in shaping global biodiversity, conservation policy, and practice. It encapsulates a growing body of literature that has questioned the mandates, roles, and effectiveness of these organizations-and the critique of these critics. This volume seeks to nurture an open conversation about contemporary NGO practices through analysis and engagement Annotation Exploring how NGOs have been influential in shaping global biodiversity, conservation policy and practice, this book encapsulates a growing body of literature that has questioned the mandates, roles and effectiveness of these organizations - and the critique of these critics. This volume seeks to nurture an open conversation about contemporary NGO practices through analysis and engagement