The animal mind: an Introduction to the philosophy of animal cognition - 1. edición

The study of animal cognition raises profound questions about the minds of animals and philosophy of mind itself. Aristotle argued that humans are the only animal to laugh, but in recent experiments rats have also been shown to laugh. In other experiments, dogs have been shown to respond appropriately to over two hundred words in human language. In this introduction to the philosophy of animal minds Kristin Andrews introduces and assesses the essential topics, problems and debates as they cut across animal cognition and philosophy of mind. She addresses the following key topics: * what is cognition, and what is it to have a mind? What questions should we ask to determine whether behaviour has a cognitive basis? * the science of animal minds explained: ethology, behaviourist psychology, and cognitive ethology * rationality in animals * animal consciousness: what does research into pain and the emotions reveal? What can empirical evidence about animal behaviour tell us about philosophical theories of consciousness? * does animal cognition involve belief and concepts; do animals have a ‘Language of Thought’? * animal communication * other minds: do animals attribute ‘mindedness’ to other creatures? * moral reasoning and ethical behaviour in animals * animal cognition and memory. Extensive use of empirical examples and case studies is made throughout the book. These include Cheney and Seyfarth’s ververt monkey research, Thorndike’s cat puzzle boxes, Jensen’s research into humans and chimpanzees and the ultimatum game, Pankseep and Burgdorf’s research on rat laughter, and Clayton and Emery’s research on memory in scrub-jays. Additional features such as chapter summaries, annotated further reading and a glossary make this an indispensable introduction to those teaching philosophy of mind, animal cognition. It will also be an excellent resource for those in fields such as ethology, biology and psychology. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 Acknowledgments 10 Introduction 12 1 Getting to know other minds 15 1.1 Mind and cognition 16 1.2 Historical views 18 1.3 Arguments for other animal minds 19 1.3.1 Arguments from analogy 20 1.3.2 Arguments from evolutionary parsimony 21 1.3.3 Inference to the best explanation arguments 22 1.3.4 Direct perception arguments 25 1.4 The calibration method 26 1.4.1 Describing behaviors 27 1.4.2 Explaining behaviors 28 1.5 A case: explaining monkey alarm calls 30 1.6 Chapter summary 33 Notes 33 Further reading 33 2 The science of other minds 34 2.1 Anecdotal anthropomorphism 36 2.1.1 Problems with the first step in anecdotal anthropomorphism 38 2.1.2 Problems with the second step in anecdotal anthropomorphism 40 2.2 The rise of animal psychology as a science: Morgan’s Canon 42 2.3 Learning principles: associations and insight 45 2.4 Anthropomorphism and Morgan’s Canon revisited 50 2.5 The rise of ethology and kinds of explanation 55 2.6 New directions in animal cognition research 59 2.7 Chapter summary 61 Note 61 Further reading 61 3 Consciousness 62 3.1 What is consciousness? 62 3.2 Are other animals conscious? 65 3.3 Non-inferential arguments for animal consciousness 66 3.4 Inferential arguments for animal consciousness 67 3.5 A representationalist challenge to animal consciousness 69 3.6 Neural correlates of consciousness arguments for animal minds 73 3.6.1 Fish pain 74 3.6.2 Evaluating animal pain 76 3.6.3 Other analogical features 78 3.6.4 Learning and consciousness revisited 79 3.7 Self-consciousness 81 3.7.1 Mirror self-recognition 81 3.7.2 Mental monitoring 84 3.7.3 Episodic memory 86 3.8 Chapter summary 89 Notes 90 Further reading 90 4 Thinking: belief, concepts, and rationality 91 4.1 What is belief? 92 4.1.1 Representational views 93 4.1.2 Non-representational views 94 4.1.3 Eliminativist views 95 4.2 Requirements for having beliefs 96 4.2.1 Attributing content and concepts 96 4.2.2 Having concepts 101 4.2.3 Systematicity in propositional thought 107 4.2.4 Logical reasoning and rationality 110 4.2.5 Metacognitive capacities 116 4.2.6 Animal logic 118 4.3 Chapter summary 120 Further reading 120 5 Communication 121 5.1 What is communication? 123 5.1.1 Biological accounts 123 5.1.2 Information-based accounts 124 5.1.3 Intentional accounts 126 5.2 Meaning in intentional communication 134 5.2.1 Reference 135 5.2.2 Expressivism 137 5.2.3 Content vs. attention-getting signals 139 5.3 Evolution of language 140 5.3.1 What is language? 140 5.3.2 Gestural origins of language evolution 142 5.3.3 Teaching animals language 146 5.4 Chapter summary 149 Further reading 149 6 Knowing minds 150 6.1 Mindreading (or theory of mind) 151 6.1.1 Is nonhuman mindreading empirically tractable? 153 6.1.2 The “logical problem” 156 6.1.3 Do we need to solve the logical problem? 160 6.1.4 Benefits of mindreading 161 6.2 Understanding intentional agency 164 6.3 Understanding others’ emotions 166 6.4 Understanding perceptions and attributing personality traits 169 6.4.1 Research on perceptual mindreading in animals 172 6.4.2 Research on personality understanding in animals 174 6.5 Chapter summary 174 Further reading 175 7 Moral minds 176 7.1 Moral status 176 7.1.1 Utilitarian accounts of moral status 178 7.1.2 Rights-based accounts of moral status 179 7.1.3 Social accounts of moral status 180 7.2 Moral subjects and near-persons 181 7.3 Moral agency 184 7.4 Psychological properties and morality 188 7.5 Moral differences 192 7.6 Chapter summary 195 Further reading 196 Glossary 197 Bibliography 201 Index 230 "The philosophy of animal minds addresses profound questions about the nature of mind and the relationships between humans and other animals. In this fully revised and updated introductory text, Kristin Andrews introduces and assesses the essential topics, problems and debates as they cut across animal cognition and philosophy of mind, citing historical and cutting-edge empirical data and case studies throughout. The second edition includes a new chapter on animal culture. There are also new sections on the evolution of consciousness and tool use in animals, as well as substantially revised sections on mental representation, belief, communication, theory of mind, animal ethics and moral psychology. Further features such as chapter summaries, annotated further reading and a glossary make The Animal Mind second edition an indispensable introduction to those teaching philosophy of mind, philosophy of animal minds, or animal cognition. It will also be an excellent resource for those in fields such as ethology, biology and psychology"-- Provided by publisher The Study Of Animal Cognition Raises Profound Questions About The Minds Of Animals And Philosophy Of Mind Itself. In Recent Experiments, Dogs Have Been Shown To Respond Appropriately To Over 200 Words In Human Language. In This Introduction To The Philosophy Of Animal Minds Kristin Andrews Introduces And Assesses The Essential Topics, Problems, And Debates As They Cut Across Animal Cognition And Philosophy Of Mind. -- From Back Cover. Getting To Know Other Minds -- The Science Of Other Minds -- Consciousness -- Thinking: Belief, Concepts, And Rationality -- Communication -- Knowing Minds -- Moral Minds. Kristin Andrews. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "The study of animal cognition raises profound questions about the minds of animals and philosophy of mind itself. In recent experiments, dogs have been shown to respond appropriately to over 200 words in human language. In this introduction to the philosophy of animal minds Kristin Andrews introduces and assesses the essential topics, problems, and debates as they cut across animal cognition and philosophy of mind."--Page [4] de la couverture