The Albanian Linguistic Journey from Ancient Illyricum to EU - "Lexical Borrowings"

Table of Contents List of illustrations .................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................v Guide to the reader.................................................................................................................... vi A. Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... vi B. Symbols..............................................................................................................................6 1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................1 1.1 Problem description ......................................................................................................2 1.2 Aim...............................................................................................................................2 2 Historical background .........................................................................................................3 3 Albanian as an Indo-European language ..............................................................................6 3.1 Albanian-PIE phonological correspondences.................................................................8 3.2 The origin controversy ................................................................................................10 3.3 Albanian Standard Language.......................................................................................12 3.4 Dialects of Albanian....................................................................................................14 4 Lexical borrowing .............................................................................................................16 4.1 Definition of lexical borrowing ...................................................................................17 4.2 Characteristics of Borrowings .....................................................................................20 4.3 Motivation for lexical borrowing.................................................................................21 4.4 Effects of borrowing ...................................................................................................22 4.5 What is a Loanword? ..................................................................................................22 4.5.1 Direct Loans ........................................................................................................23 4.5.2 Indirect Loans ......................................................................................................23 4.6 Borrowings from Greek (8th BC to 146 BC) ...............................................................24 4.7 Borrowings from Latin................................................................................................26 ii 4.8 Borrowings during the Byzantine period .....................................................................28 4.9 Borrowings from Turkish............................................................................................32 4.10 Borrowings from Italian ..........................................................................................35 4.11 Borrowings from English.........................................................................................36 5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................38 5.1 Summary and conclusion ............................................................................................38 5.2 Future Research ..........................................................................................................39 Works Cited..............................................................................................................................40 Appendices ...............................................................................................................................43 Appendix A- Albanian-PIE phonological correspondences....................................................43 Appendix B- Indo-E