The age of the democratic revolution: a political history of Europe and America, 1760-1800, Vol. 2

For the Western world as a whole, the period from about 1760 to 1800 was the great revolutionary era in which the outlines of the modern democratic state came into being. It is the thesis of this major work that the American, French, and Polish revolutions, and the movements for political change in Britain, Ireland, Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden, and other countries, although each distinctive in its way, were all manifestations of recognizably similar political ideas, needs, and conflicts. Volume 1 of this distinguished two-volume work, "The Challenge," received critical accolades throughout the world. It was the winner of the Bancroft Prize in 1960 and was called "one of the classic works of American historical scholarship" ( Key Reporter ) and a book which "will enlarge and clarify our understanding of modern Western history. It will re-emphasize the strength and vitality of the roots that supported the growth of democracy in the Old and New Worlds" ( New York Times ). "Occasionally a historical work appears which, by synthesis of much previous specialized work and by intelligent reflection upon the whole, makes events of the past click into a new pattern and assume fresh meaning. Professor Palmer's book is such a work" ( American Historical Review ). "The Challenge" took the story to the eve of the French Revolutionary wars; Volume 2, "The Struggle" continues the account to 1800. Frontmatter Preface (page v) I. The Issues and the Adversaries (page 5) Bastille Day, 1792 (page 5) Ideological War (page 10) The Adversaries (page 16) Shades of Doctrine (page 27) II. The Revolutionizing of the Revolution (page 35) The "Second" French Revolution (page 36) Popular Revolutionism (page 44) International Revolutionism (page 50) III. Liberation and Annexation: 1792-1793 (page 69) The Storm in the Low Countries (page 69) The Submersion of Poland (page 86) IV. The Survival of the Revolution in France (page 99) Gouvernement revolutionnaire (page 102) Reaction against Popular and International Revolutionism (page 113) The Moral Republic (page 124) The Meaning of Thermidor (page 129) V. Victories of the Counter-Revolution in Eastern Europe (page 135) The Problem of Eastern Europe (page 135) The Impact of the Western Revolution in Russia (page 140) The Abortive Polish Revolution of 1794 (page 146) Agitations in the Hapsburg Empire (page 156) The Jacobin Conspiracies at Vienna and in Hungary, 1794 (page 164) An Addendum on Southeast Europe (page 171) VI. The Batavian Republic (page 177) The Dutch Revolution of 1794-1795 (page 180) The Frustration of the Conciliators (page 187) Federalists and Democrats (page 192) The Coup d'Etat of January 22, 1798: Dutch Democracy at Its Height (page 199) A Word on the Dutch in South Africa (page 204) VII. The French Directory: Mirage of the Moderates (page 211) After Thermidor (page 212) The Directory (page 214) The Sources of Moderate Strength (page 219) VIII. The French Directory between Extremes (page 231) Democracy and Communism (page 231) The Throne and the Altar (page 244) Fructidor and Floreal (page 255) IX. The Revolution Comes to Italy (page 263) "World Revolution" as Seen from Paris, 1796 (page 263) The Beginning of French Action in Italy (page 270) Italy before 1796 (page 275) The Kingdom of Corsica (page 284) X. The Cisalpine Republic (page 293) The Val Padana and the Bridge at Lodi (page 295) The Cispadane Republic (page 302) The Venetian Revolution and the Treaty of Campo Formio (page 306) The Cisalpine Republic: Sketch of a Modern State (page 310) Politics and Vicissitudes of the Cisalpine (page 317) XI. 1798: The High Tide of Revolutionary Democracy (page 327) The Great Nation, the Sister-Republics, and the Wave of Cisalpinization (page 330) A Comparative View of the New Republican Order (page 338) The Republican Constitutions (page 346) Religion and Revolution: Christianity and Democracy (page 353) XII. The Republics at Rome and Naples (page 365) The Politics of the Semi-Peace (page 365) The Roman Republic (page 372) The Neapolitan Republic (page 382) XIII. The Helvetic Republic (page 395) Switzerland before 1798 (page 395) Geneva: Revolution and Annexation (page 398) The Swiss Revolutionaries (page 402) Swiss Unity vs. External Pressures (page 406) Internal Stresses in the Helvetic Republic (page 413) XIV. Germany: The Revolution of the Mind (page 425) The Ambiguous Revolution (page 426) Mainz Jacobins and Cisrhenane Republicans (page 435) The Colossi of the Goethezeit (page 444) Counter-Revolutionary Cross Currents (page 451) XV. Britain: Republicanism and the Establishment (page 459) British Radicalism and Continental Revolution (page 461) Clubs and Conventions (page 473) The Levee en masse of the People of Quality (page 483) The Abortive Irish Revolution of 1798 (page 491) XVI. America: Democracy Native and Imported (page 509) The "Other" Americas, Latin and British (page 511) Which Way the New Republic? (page 518) The Impact of the Outside World (page 525) The "Corruption of Poland" (page 534) Democracy in America (page 543) XVII. Climax and Denouement (page 549) The Still Receding Mirage of the Moderates (page 550) The Conservative Counter-Offensive of 1799 (page 554) The Revolutionary Re-arousal and Victory (page 561) Two Men on Horseback (page 569) Appendix (page 577) Index (page 579) For the Western world, the period from 1760 to 1800 was the great revolutionary era in which the outlines of the modern democratic state came into being. Here for the first time in one volume is R. R. Palmer's magisterial account of this incendiary age. Palmer argues that the American, French, and Polish revolutions—and the movements for political change in Britain, Ireland, Holland, and elsewhere—were manifestations of similar political ideas, needs, and conflicts. Palmer traces the clash between an older form of society, marked by legalized social rank and hereditary or self-perpetuating elites, and a new form of society that placed a greater value on social mobility and legal equality. Featuring a new foreword by David Armitage, this Princeton Classics edition of The Age of the Democratic Revolution introduces a new generation of readers to this enduring work of political history. Primary Source. The Author Examines The Growth Of Democracy In The United States And Individual European Countries During The 18th Century. [1] The Challenge -- [2] The Struggle. By R.r. Palmer. Includes Bibliographical Footnotes And Index.