The Age of Migration : International Population Movements in the Modern World

The leading text in the field, this incisive, authoritative work offers a global perspective on the nature of migration flows, why they take place, and their consequences for states and societies around the world. Chapters provide up-to-date descriptions and comparative analyses of major migration regions in the North and South. The role of population movements in the formation of ethnic minority groups is examined, as is the impact of growing ethnic diversity on economies, cultures, and political institutions. User-friendly features include accessible boxed examples, tables, and maps. Cover 1 Contents 6 List of Figures 10 List of Tables 11 List of Maps 11 List of Boxes 12 Preface to the Sixth Edition 13 Note on Migration Statistics 16 The Age of Migration Website 17 List of Abbreviations 18 1 Introduction 20 Migration in an age of globalization 22 The growth and diversity of international migration 25 Trends and patterns of global migration 28 The challenges of international migration 30 International migration in global governance 31 Aims and argument of the book 33 Structure of the book 34 2 Categories of Migration 40 Defining migration and human mobility 42 Internal and international migration 44 Temporary and permanent migration 46 Origin and destination 47 Migration motives: Labour, family, study, business 49 Forced migration: Refugees and asylum seekers 50 Illegal, unauthorized, irregular, undocumented 52 Smuggling and trafficking 53 Climate refugees: The construction of a migration threat 55 Conclusion 59 3 Theories of Migration 61 Explaining the migratory process 63 Functionalist theories 64 Historical–structural theories 67 Conceptualizing migratory agency 71 Dual labour market 72 New economics and household theory approaches 73 Migration transition theories 75 The aspirations-capabilities model 81 The internal dynamics of migration processes 83 Migration systems theory 87 Conclusion 90 4 Migration, Ethnicity and Identity 94 The formation of ethnic minorities 95 Ethnicity 96 Race and racism 97 Gender and migration 99 Culture and identity 100 Transnationalism and diaspora formation 101 State and nation 103 Citizenship 107 Conclusion 109 5 International Migration before 1945 112 Migration during European imperialism 114 Settlement and creolization 117 Industrialization and trans-Atlantic migration 119 Labour migration within Europe until 1914 125 The interwar period: Protectionism, nativism and racism 128 The Second World War, forced labour and genocide 131 Conclusion 133 6 Migration in Europe since 1945 136 Migration in the post-war boom (1945–1973) 137 Settlement and the growth of dual labour markets (1973–1989) 143 Migration during neoliberal globalization (1989–2008) 146 Migration in the former Soviet space 146 The EU and Schengen: Expansion and integration 150 Southern European migration transitions 152 The politicization of migration and the ‘global race for talent’ 153 Migration after 2008: Destination Europe 157 Conclusion 160 7 Migration in the Americas 164 Regional migration patterns 166 America’s migration transition (1945–1973) 170 The globalization of American immigration (1973–1989) 174 An elusive quest for control? American migration since 1989 177 Canada: A quintessential immigration country 180 Social transformation and migration in Latin America 181 Recent developments in the US: A backlash against diversity? 184 Conclusion 189 8 Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region 192 Colonial and post-colonial migration patterns 194 The entry of Asia on the global migration stage (1973–1989) 196 The globalization of Asian migration (1989–2008) 198 The rise of Asian migration destinations 200 Migration since 2008: Consolidation and expansion 202 The changing geographies of Asia-Pacific migration 203 Migration in Australia and New Zealand 209 Conclusion 213 9 Migration in Africa and the Middle East 217 The historical roots of contemporary African migrations 220 Postcolonial and guestworker migration (1945–1973) 223 Intraregional migration: Conflict, urbanization and economic transformation 224 The rise of the Gulf as a global migration magnet (1973–1989) 227 African migration in the post-Cold War era 229 Social transformation, the Arab Spring and migration 235 The entry of Africa on the global migration stage 238 Conclusion 240 10 The State, Politics and Migration 244 The exit revolution 245 Migration, diplomacy and state power 247 The securitization of migration 251 The construction of an ‘Islamic threat’ 254 Is xenophobia really on the rise? 256 Multilateral migration governance: A cul-de-sac? 256 The European Union’s migration regime 258 The international refugee regime 261 Conclusion 265 11 The Evolution and Effectiveness of Migration Policies 267 Migration policy categories 267 The migration policy toolbox 269 Between rhetoric and practice 271 The liberalization of migration policies 273 The liberal paradox 274 Travel visas and the prevention of unwanted migration 277 The enforcement challenge 279 Legalization: Policy failure or policy tool? 281 Unintended consequence of migration policies 283 Conclusion 287 Appendix: The migration policy toolbox 290 12 Migrants and Minorities in the Labour Force 294 The social construction of labour needs 294 The changing structure of labour demand 297 Migrants in the labour market 298 Migrant entrepreneurship 304 The transformation of work 306 The feminization of precarious work 308 The chronic demand for migrant labour 310 The continued importance of labour recruitment 311 Conclusion 313 13 New Ethnic Minorities and Society 316 Immigration policies and minority formation 316 Residential segregation 320 Migration and the global city 326 Integration policies: A controversial issue 326 Racism and minority formation 331 Citizenship acquisition 335 Linguistic and cultural rights 340 Immigrants and nation 342 Models of immigrant integration 345 Conclusion 347 14 Migration and Development in Origin Societies 350 The migration and development debate 350 Remittances as development aid? 355 The economic impacts of migration and remittances 359 Brain drain or brain gain? 363 Social remittances 364 Reform as a condition for migration and development 366 Policy implications 368 Conclusion 370 15 Conclusion 372 Future perspectives for global migration and mobility 374 Improving international cooperation and governance 377 Responding to irregular migration 381 Legal migration and integration 383 Ethnic diversity, social change and the nation state 385 Glossary 389 Bibliography 403 Index 442 Long established as the leading textbook on migration and used by students and scholars alike all over the world, this fully revised and updated sixth edition continues to offer an authoritative and cutting-edge account of migration flows, why they occur, and their consequences for both origin and destination societies. International migration is one of the most emotive issues of our times, reforging societies around the world and shaping debates on security, national identity and sovereignty in profound ways. The expert authors of this book provide a truly global and interdisciplinary introduction to this perennially important topic, with chapters covering all of the world's regions and spanning the nineteenth century to the present day. Exploring the significance of migration in relation to recent events and emerging trends, from the policies of the European Union to the Great Recession, this text helps to shed light on the often large gap between the rhetoric and realities of migration.For students of migration studies in disciplines as wide ranging as politics, sociology, geography, area studies, anthropology and history this is an indispensable guide, whether already familiar with the subject matter or approaching the topic for the first time.New to this Edition:- Charts the contemporary politics of migration, including the latest statistical data, summary of policy developments and shifts toward anti-immigrant politics and Islamophobia- A brand new chapter on Categories of Migration used to describe migrants and analyse migration, including a discussion on the topical issue of'climate refugees'- Extended discussion of the impacts of migration and development in origin countries in a new separate chapter at the end of the book- Improved coverage of migration trends in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and Central Asia- Offers a better balance between Western and non-Western regions and perspectives on migration- Draws on up-to-date global data on migration and migration policies- A'Migration Policy Toolbox', providing a comprehensive overview of different types of migration policies- A new glossary with definitions of key terms in migration, which are also highlighted throughout the textAccompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/the-age-of-migration-6th-edition. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.The Age of Migration is published by Bloomsbury Academic. In the United States and its dependencies, Canada, Mexico and the Philippines, it is distributed under licence by Guildford Press. Long established as the leading textbook on migration and used by students and scholars alike all over the world, this fully revised and updated sixth edition continues to offer an authoritative and cutting-edge account of migration flows, why they occur, and their consequences for both origin and destination societies. International migration is one of the most emotive issues of our times, reforging societies around the world and shaping debates on security, national identity and sovereignty in profound ways. The expert authors of this book provide a truly global and interdisciplinary introduction to this perennially important topic, with chapters covering all of the world's regions and spanning the nineteenth century to the present day. Exploring the significance of migration in relation to recent events and emerging trends, from the policies of the European Union to the Great Recession, this text helps to shed light on the often large gap between the rhetoric and realities of migration. For students of migration studies in disciplines as wide ranging as Politics, Sociology, Geography, Area Studies, Anthropology and History this is an indispensable guide, whether already familiar with the subject matter or approaching the topic for the first time. The Age of Migration is published by Macmillan Education. In the United States and its dependencies, Canada, Mexico and the Philippines, it is distributed under licence by Guildford Press. https://www.guilford.com/books/The-Age-of-Migration/Castles-Haas-Miller/9781462513116 Now with more balanced coverage of Western and non-Western regions, this leading text has been revised and updated with the latest theories, popolicy information, and interdisciplinary research. The book explores the causes, dynamics, and consequences of international population movements, as well as the experiences of migrants themselves. Chapters examine migration trends and patterns in all major world regions, how migration transforms both destination and origin societies, and the effects of migration and increasing ethnic diversity on national identity and politics. Useful pedagogical features include boxed case studies; extensive tables, graphs, and maps; end-of-chapter Guides to Further Reading; and a companion website with additional case studies, interactive flashcards, and other resources for students and instructors. -- back cover