The Åland Strait (International Straits of the World, 18)

The Åland Strait is a particularly important sea route connecting the Gulf of Bothnia with the Baltic Sea between Sweden and the Åland Islands. The Åland Strait is closely connected to the Åland Islands, which were demilitarised in the international legal treaty ending the Crimean War in the 1850s. Following World War I, the Åland Strait was also regulated by the 1921 Convention relating to the Non-fortification of and Neutralisation of the Åland Islands. This book is the first to examine passage rights in the Åland Strait according to the Law of the Sea and its long history in times of war and peace. The Åland Strait Copyright Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations 1 The Åland Islands and the Åland Strait Region 2 Historical Background 1 Pre-World War I Era 2 During the First World War 2.1 The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918 3 Sweden and Germany on the Åland Islands, 1918 4 Finland's Independence (1917) and the Åland Question 5 The Geneva Conference, 1921 6 The Åland Convention, 1921 7 Between the World Wars 8 During the Second World War 8.1 The Winter War 8.2 The Continuation War 9 Post-war Developments 10 The 1921 Åland Islands Convention under International Law 10.1 Permanent Settlement 3 Development of the Norms Concerning Passage through International Straits 1 A Short Historical Overview of Straits in International Law 1.1 Scholarly View 1.2 The Institute of International Law, International Law Association, and the Hague Peace Conference of 1907 1.3 The 1930 Hague Codification Conference 2 Legal Status of Straits Used for International Navigation 2.1 Corfu Channel Case 2.2 The First United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea 2.3 Straits According to the 1958 Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone 2.4 Towards the Third Law of the Sea Conference 2.5 The Sea-Bed Committee 2.6 The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea 2.7 Different Conceptions of Straits 4 Navigational Rights 1 Transit Passage 1.1 The Regime of Transit Passage 1.2 The Right of Transit Passage 1.3 Duties of Ships and Aircraft during Transit Passage 1.4 Duties of Strait States 1.5 Non-compliance with Obligations Related to the Right of Transit Passage 1.6 Submerged Transit 1.7 The Right of Overflight through Straits Used for International Navigation 1.8 Sea Lanes and Traffic Separation Schemes 1.9 Enforcement of Laws and Regulations of Strait States 1.10 Innocent Passage through Straits Used for International Navigation 2 Straits Governed in Whole or in Part by Long-Standing International Conventions in Force 5 The Legal Regime of the Åland Strait 1 Baselines 1.1 Normal Baseline 1.2 Straight Baselines 2 Finnish National Legislation 3 The Maritime Boundary between Finland and Sweden 4 Internal Waters in the Åland Strait 4.1 The Legal Status of Internal Waters 4.2 Passage Rights and the Use of Straight Baselines 5 The Åland Strait and Article 35(c) 6 Some Observations on the Times of War 7 Concluding Remarks Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Bibliography Index "The Åland Strait is a particularly important sea route connecting the Gulf of Bothnia with the Baltic Sea between Sweden and the Åland Islands. The Åland Strait is closely connected to the Åland Islands, which were demilitarised in the international legal treaty ending the Crimean War in the 1850s. Following World War I, the Åland Strait was also regulated by the 1921 Convention relating to the Non-fortification of and Neutralisation of the Åland Islands. This book...[examines] passage rights in the Åland Strait according to the law of the sea and its long history in times of war and peace."-- Back cover