The 9 11 Encyclopedia (2 Volumes Set)

This work offers a sweeping collection of A–Z entries and primary source documents that presents a thorough examination of all the individuals, groups, and events surrounding the 9/11 terrorist attacks.Commemorating the 10th anniversary of the attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, The 9/11 Encyclopedia: Second Edition offers valuable perspective on this emotionally charged and multidimensional subject. This comprehensive two-volume encyclopedia details the events leading up to the attacks, going back a decade prior to 9/11, and covers all the major players involved. It also examines events and discoveries since 2001 that have influenced our understanding of—and reactions to—the world-changing attacks.In the second edition, dozens of entries have been updated and many new ones added. The documents volume has been expanded as well. With more than 170 A–Z entries, dozens of descriptive sidebars, and over 55 primary-source documents, this updated encyclopedia is an essential source for comprehending one of the darkest moments in American history. Page Navigation of this eBook......Page 2 Copyright......Page 6 Contents......Page 9 VOLUME ONE......Page 5 List of Entries......Page 11 Preface......Page 15 The Impact of 9/11 on U.S. Foreign Policy......Page 19 The Impact of 9/11 on Presidential Power......Page 23 The Impact of 9/11 on U.S. Public Opinion......Page 29 A......Page 35 B......Page 79 C......Page 115 D......Page 151 E......Page 169 F......Page 175 G......Page 221 H......Page 247 I......Page 261 J......Page 275 K......Page 291 L......Page 301 M......Page 307 N......Page 333 O......Page 353 P......Page 367 R......Page 381 S......Page 397 T......Page 417 U......Page 431 V......Page 441 W......Page 447 Y......Page 463 Z......Page 469 Chronology of Events Surrounding 9/11......Page 481 Annotated Bibliography......Page 499 Guide to Related Topics......Page 527 Index......Page 535 VOLUME TWO......Page 575 List of Primary Documents......Page 581 1. Letter Justifying the Bombing of the World Trade Center (February 7, 1993)......Page 585 2. Samuel P. Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations?” (1993)......Page 586 3. Osama bin Laden’s Declaration of Jihad (August 23, 1996)......Page 600 4. Declaration of the World Islamic Front (February 23, 1998)......Page 604 5. Communiqué of the World Islamic Front......Page 607 6. Al Qaeda Training Camps in Afghanistan in 2000......Page 608 7. Al Qaeda’s Instructions for Living in the Western World While on a Mission......Page 613 8. Physical Fitness Requirements of the Mujahideen of Al Qaeda on the Arabian Peninsula (ca. 2001–2003)......Page 616 9. “Martyr’s Blood”......Page 618 10. Memorandum from Richard A. Clarke for Condoleezza Rice Informing Her about the Al Qaeda Network (January 25, 2001)......Page 619 11. Letter from Brian F. Sullivan, Retired FAA Special Agent, to U.S. Senator John Kerry (May 7, 2001)......Page 622 12. Letter from Michael Canavan, Associate Administrator for Civil Aviation Security, to FAA Federal Security Managers (May 30, 2001)......Page 624 13. Presidential Daily Briefing (August 6, 2001)......Page 625 14. Brian Sullivan’s E-mail to Michael Canavan, FAA Associate Administrator for Civil Aviation Security, about Aviation Security (August 16, 2001)......Page 627 15. Mohamed Atta’s Letter of Advice for Hijackers (September 2001)......Page 629 16. Oral Testimony from Survivors of the World Trade Center Attack......Page 634 17. Eyewitness Account of the Pentagon Attack......Page 657 18. Account of Events on United Airlines Flight 93......Page 664 19. Dog Handlers at Ground Zero......Page 670 20. President George W. Bush’s Address to the Nation (September 11, 2001)......Page 673 21. EPA’s Press Release (September 13, 2001)......Page 674 22. President George W. Bush’s “Justice Will Be Done” Speech before a Joint Session of Congress (September 20, 2001)......Page 677 23. Interview with Mullah Omar Muhammad (September 21, 2001)......Page 684 24. Hezbollah Secretary-General Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah’s Speech Responding to the Terrorist Attacks of September 11 (September 28, 2001)......Page 686 25. Statements by FEMA on Its Response to September 11 before the U.S. Senate’s Committee on Environment and Public Works (October 16, 2001)......Page 689 26. USA PATRIOT Act (October 26, 2001)......Page 698 27. Dawn Interview with Osama bin Laden (November 10, 2001)......Page 717 28. Opinion Polls around the World Following the September 11 Attacks (December 19, 2001)......Page 721 29. Osama bin Laden’s Homage to the 19 Students (December 26, 2001)......Page 723 30. White House Declaration on the Humane Treatment of Al Qaeda and Taliban Detainees (February 7, 2002)......Page 732 31. Testimony of Dr. W. Gene Corley on Behalf of the American Society of Civil Engineers before the Subcommittee on Environment, Technology and Standards and Subcommittee on Research of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science (May 1, 20......Page 734 32. Statement by Eleanor Hill of the Joint Inquiry Staff regarding U.S. Intelligence on the Possible Terrorist Use of Airplanes (September 18, 2002)......Page 741 33. Report by Eleanor Hill of the Joint Inquiry Staff on the Intelligence Community’s Knowledge of the September 11 Hijackers Prior to September 11, 2001 (September 20, 2002)......Page 746 34. Statement of a Special Agent of the FBI (September 20, 2002)......Page 757 35. Report by Eleanor Hill of the Joint Inquiry Staff on the FBI’s Handling of the Phoenix Electronic Communication (September 24, 2002)......Page 761 36. Report by Eleanor Hill of the Joint Inquiry Staff on the FBI Investigation of Zacarias Moussaoui (September 24, 2002)......Page 777 37. Homeland Security Act (November 2002)......Page 784 38. Osama bin Laden’s “Letter to the American People” (November 2002)......Page 804 39. “A Strike at Europe’s Heart,” Time (March 14, 2004)......Page 814 40. Testimony of Richard A. Clarke before the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (March 24, 2004)......Page 820 41. Executive Summary of the Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (July 2004)......Page 826 42. Testimony of Mary Fetchet, Founding Director of the Voices of September 11th, on the Need for Reform before the Senate’s Committee on Government Affairs (August 17, 2004)......Page 850 43. Assessment of the FBI on Pre-9/11 Intelligence (August 18, 2004)......Page 855 44. Testimony by Lee Hamilton, Vice Chairman of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, before the House of Representatives’ Financial Services Committee (August 22, 2004)......Page 858 45. The Aviation Security System and the 9/11 Attacks (2004)......Page 863 46. Letter from Brian F. Sullivan to Thomas Kean, Chairman of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (2004)......Page 873 47. Comments of Representative Maxine Waters on Saudi Financial Support for Al Qaeda before the House of Representatives’ Financial Services Committee (August 22, 2004)......Page 875 48. Ward Churchill’s “‘Some People Push Back’: On the Justice of Roosting Chickens” Essay (September 11, 2001)......Page 878 49. British Prime Minister Tony Blair’s Speech on the London Bombings (July 16, 2005)......Page 891 50. Representative Curt Weldon’s Testimony about Able Danger (September 20, 2005)......Page 895 51. Selected Excerpts from the Testimony of FBI Agent Harry Samit in the Zacarias Moussaoui Trial (March 9, 2006)......Page 899 52. Testimony of the American Red Cross before the Management, Integration, and Oversight Subcommittee of the House Homeland Security (July 12, 2006)......Page 918 53. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Press Release on the Construction of the One World Trade Center Building (December 19, 2006)......Page 921 54. Confession of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed at the Combatant Status Review Tribunal at Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp (March 10, 2007)......Page 926 55. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s Speech before the United Nations (September 23, 2010)......Page 933 56. James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act (2010)......Page 935 Index......Page 941 Page Navigation of this eBook 2 Copyright 6 Contents 9 VOLUME ONE 5 List of Entries 11 Preface 15 The Impact of 9/11 on U.S. Foreign Policy 19 The Impact of 9/11 on Presidential Power 23 The Impact of 9/11 on U.S. Public Opinion 29 Entries 35 A 35 B 79 C 115 D 151 E 169 F 175 G 221 H 247 I 261 J 275 K 291 L 301 M 307 N 333 O 353 P 367 R 381 S 397 T 417 U 431 V 441 W 447 Y 463 Z 469 Chronology of Events Surrounding 9/11 481 Annotated Bibliography 499 Guide to Related Topics 527 Index 535 VOLUME TWO 575 List of Primary Documents 581 Primary Documents 585 1. Letter Justifying the Bombing of the World Trade Center (February 7, 1993) 585 2. Samuel P. Huntington’s “The Clash of Civilizations?” (1993) 586 3. Osama bin Laden’s Declaration of Jihad (August 23, 1996) 600 4. Declaration of the World Islamic Front (February 23, 1998) 604 5. Communiqué of the World Islamic Front 607 6. Al Qaeda Training Camps in Afghanistan in 2000 608 7. Al Qaeda’s Instructions for Living in the Western World While on a Mission 613 8. Physical Fitness Requirements of the Mujahideen of Al Qaeda on the Arabian Peninsula (ca. 2001–2003) 616 9. “Martyr’s Blood” 618 10. Memorandum from Richard A. Clarke for Condoleezza Rice Informing Her about the Al Qaeda Network (January 25, 2001) 619 11. Letter from Brian F. Sullivan, Retired FAA Special Agent, to U.S. Senator John Kerry (May 7, 2001) 622 12. Letter from Michael Canavan, Associate Administrator for Civil Aviation Security, to FAA Federal Security Managers (May 30, 2001) 624 13. Presidential Daily Briefing (August 6, 2001) 625 14. Brian Sullivan’s E-mail to Michael Canavan, FAA Associate Administrator for Civil Aviation Security, about Aviation Security (August 16, 2001) 627 15. Mohamed Atta’s Letter of Advice for Hijackers (September 2001) 629 16. Oral Testimony from Survivors of the World Trade Center Attack 634 17. Eyewitness Account of the Pentagon Attack 657 18. Account of Events on United Airlines Flight 93 664 19. Dog Handlers at Ground Zero 670 20. President George W. Bush’s Address to the Nation (September 11, 2001) 673 21. EPA’s Press Release (September 13, 2001) 674 22. President George W. Bush’s “Justice Will Be Done” Speech before a Joint Session of Congress (September 20, 2001) 677 23. Interview with Mullah Omar Muhammad (September 21, 2001) 684 24. Hezbollah Secretary-General Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah’s Speech Responding to the Terrorist Attacks of September 11 (September 28, 2001) 686 25. Statements by FEMA on Its Response to September 11 before the U.S. Senate’s Committee on Environment and Public Works (October 16, 2001) 689 26. USA PATRIOT Act (October 26, 2001) 698 27. Dawn Interview with Osama bin Laden (November 10, 2001) 717 28. Opinion Polls around the World Following the September 11 Attacks (December 19, 2001) 721 29. Osama bin Laden’s Homage to the 19 Students (December 26, 2001) 723 30. White House Declaration on the Humane Treatment of Al Qaeda and Taliban Detainees (February 7, 2002) 732 31. Testimony of Dr. W. Gene Corley on Behalf of the American Society of Civil Engineers before the Subcommittee on Environment, Technology and Standards and Subcommittee on Research of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science (May 1, 20 734 32. Statement by Eleanor Hill of the Joint Inquiry Staff regarding U.S. Intelligence on the Possible Terrorist Use of Airplanes (September 18, 2002) 741 33. Report by Eleanor Hill of the Joint Inquiry Staff on the Intelligence Community’s Knowledge of the September 11 Hijackers Prior to September 11, 2001 (September 20, 2002) 746 34. Statement of a Special Agent of the FBI (September 20, 2002) 757 35. Report by Eleanor Hill of the Joint Inquiry Staff on the FBI’s Handling of the Phoenix Electronic Communication (September 24, 2002) 761 36. Report by Eleanor Hill of the Joint Inquiry Staff on the FBI Investigation of Zacarias Moussaoui (September 24, 2002) 777 37. Homeland Security Act (November 2002) 784 38. Osama bin Laden’s “Letter to the American People” (November 2002) 804 39. “A Strike at Europe’s Heart,” Time (March 14, 2004) 814 40. Testimony of Richard A. Clarke before the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (March 24, 2004) 820 41. Executive Summary of the Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (July 2004) 826 42. Testimony of Mary Fetchet, Founding Director of the Voices of September 11th, on the Need for Reform before the Senate’s Committee on Government Affairs (August 17, 2004) 850 43. Assessment of the FBI on Pre-9/11 Intelligence (August 18, 2004) 855 44. Testimony by Lee Hamilton, Vice Chairman of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, before the House of Representatives’ Financial Services Committee (August 22, 2004) 858 45. The Aviation Security System and the 9/11 Attacks (2004) 863 46. Letter from Brian F. Sullivan to Thomas Kean, Chairman of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (2004) 873 47. Comments of Representative Maxine Waters on Saudi Financial Support for Al Qaeda before the House of Representatives’ Financial Services Committee (August 22, 2004) 875 48. Ward Churchill’s “‘Some People Push Back’: On the Justice of Roosting Chickens” Essay (September 11, 2001) 878 49. British Prime Minister Tony Blair’s Speech on the London Bombings (July 16, 2005) 891 50. Representative Curt Weldon’s Testimony about Able Danger (September 20, 2005) 895 51. Selected Excerpts from the Testimony of FBI Agent Harry Samit in the Zacarias Moussaoui Trial (March 9, 2006) 899 52. Testimony of the American Red Cross before the Management, Integration, and Oversight Subcommittee of the House Homeland Security (July 12, 2006) 918 53. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Press Release on the Construction of the One World Trade Center Building (December 19, 2006) 921 54. Confession of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed at the Combatant Status Review Tribunal at Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp (March 10, 2007) 926 55. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s Speech before the United Nations (September 23, 2010) 933 56. James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act (2010) 935 Index 941

Commemorating the 10th anniversary of the attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, The 9/11 Encyclopedia: Second Edition offers valuable perspective on this emotionally charged and multidimensional subject. This comprehensive two-volume encyclopedia details the events leading up to the attacks, going back a decade prior to 9/11, and covers all the major players involved. It also examines events and discoveries since 2001 that have influenced our understanding of—and reactions to—the world-changing attacks.

In the second edition, dozens of entries have been updated and many new ones added. The documents volume has been expanded as well. With more than 170 A–Z entries, dozens of descriptive sidebars, and over 55 primary-source documents, this updated encyclopedia is an essential source for comprehending one of the darkest moments in American history.

"Horror. Sadness. Protests. Military action. Conspiracy theories. From personal loss to economic upheaval to a paradigm shift in U.S. foreign relations, few events in the past 100 years have impacted American life so greatly as the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. This comprehensive two-volume set details every event leading up to 9/11, going back up to a decade prior to the attacks, and including all participants from any place in the world. Also covered are events since the attack that have influenced our understanding of the ordeal. With A-Z entries, descriptive sidebars, and over 40 primary documents, The 9/11 Encyclopedia is an essential source for understanding one of the blackest marks on the pages of American history." -- Publisher