The 8085 Microprocessor: Architecture, Programming and Interfacing, 1e

Description Designed for an undergraduate course on the 8085microprocessor, this text provides comprehensive coverage of theprogramming and interfacing of the 8-bit microprocessor. Written ina simple and easy-to-understand manner, this book introduces thereader to the basics and the architecture of the 8085microprocessor. It presents balanced coverage of both hardware andsoftware concepts related to the microprocessor. Instruction sets described in a very concise form Exclusive chapters that focus on assembly language programs Detailed coverage of the Z-80 and Motorolla 6800, as well as the 8751 microcontroller Comprehensive coverage of peripheral chips Please click here to access additional resources such as multiple choicequestions, discussion questions, programs and diagrams. Evolution of Microprocessors Fundamentals of a Computer Number Presentation Fundamentals of Microprocessor First Assembly Language Program Data Transfer Group of Instructions Arithmetic Group of Instructions Logical Group of Instructions NOP and Stack Group of Instructions Branch Group of Instructions Chip Select Logic Addressing of I/O Ports Architecture of 8085 Simple Assembly Language Programs Use of PC in Writing and Executing 8085 Programs Additional Assembly Language Programs More Complex Assembly Language Programs Interrupts in 8085 8212 Non Programmable 8-bit I/O Port 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface Chip Programs Using Interface Modules Interfacing I/O Devices Intel 8259A- Programmable Interrupt Controller Intel 8257- Programmable DMA Controller Intel 8253- Programmable Interval Timer Intel 8251A-Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter Zilog Z80 Microprocessor Motorola M6800 Microprocessor 8051 Microcontroller Advanced Topics in 8051 K. Udaya Kumar is Principal, B.N.M. Institute of Technology,Bangalore. He completed his M.Tech. from the Indian Institute ofScience, Bangalore and received his Ph.D. from the University ofLjubljana, Yugoslavia. He was Cover......Page 1 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 12 Part I: Fundamentals of a Microprocessor......Page 16 1.1 Early Integrated Circuits......Page 18 1.4 16-Bit Microprocessors......Page 19 1.7 Microcontrollers and Digital Signal Processors......Page 20 2.1 Calculator......Page 22 2.2 Computer......Page 23 2.3 Microcomputer......Page 27 2.4 Computer Languages......Page 28 Questions......Page 31 3.1 Unsigned Binary Integers......Page 32 3.2 Signed Binary Integers......Page 33 3.3 Representation of Fractions......Page 38 Questions......Page 40 4.1 History of Microprocessors......Page 42 4.2 Description of 8085 Pins......Page 44 4.3 Programmer’s View of 8085: Need for Registers......Page 49 4.4 Accumulator or Register A......Page 50 Questions......Page 51 5.1 Problem Statement......Page 53 5.2 About the Microprocessor Kit......Page 56 Questions......Page 66 Chapter 6: Data Transfer Group of Instructions......Page 67 6.1 Classification of 8085 Instructions......Page 68 6.3 Instruction Type MOV r1, r2......Page 69 6.4 Instruction Type MOV r, M......Page 70 6.6 Instruction Type LXI rp, d16......Page 71 6.8 Instruction Type LDA a16......Page 72 6.10 Instruction Type XCHG......Page 73 6.11 Addressing Modes of 8085......Page 74 6.13 Instruction Type STAX rp......Page 77 6.15 Instruction Type SHLD a16......Page 78 Questions......Page 79 Chapter 7: Arithmetic Group of Instructions......Page 80 7.1 Instructions to Perform Addition......Page 81 7.2 Instructions to Perform Subtraction......Page 85 7.3 Instruction Type INX rp......Page 88 7.5 Instruction Type DAD rp......Page 89 7.6 Decimal Addition in 8085......Page 90 Questions......Page 91 Chapter 8: Logical Group of Instructions......Page 92 8.1 Instructions to Perform ‘AND’ Operation......Page 93 8.2 Instructions to Perform ‘OR’ Operation......Page 94 8.3 Instructions to Perform ‘EXCLUSIVE OR’ Operation......Page 95 8.5 Instructions to Complement/Set ‘Cy’ Flag......Page 97 8.6 Instructions to Perform Compare Operation......Page 98 8.7 Instructions to Rotate Accumulator......Page 100 Questions......Page 103 9.1 Stack and The Stack Pointer......Page 105 9.2 Instruction Type POP rp......Page 107 9.3 Instruction Type PUSH rp......Page 108 9.4 Instruction Type LXI SP, d16......Page 109 9.7 Instruction Type INX SP......Page 110 9.10 Instruction Type NOP......Page 111 Questions......Page 113 Chapter 10: Branch Group of Instructions......Page 114 10.1 More Details about Program Execution......Page 115 10.2 Unconditional Jump Instructions......Page 117 10.3 Conditional Jump Instructions......Page 119 10.4 Unconditional Call and Return Instructions......Page 122 10.5 Conditional Call Instructions......Page 124 10.6 Conditional Return Instructions......Page 126 10.7 RSTN – Restart Instructions......Page 128 Questions......Page 130 11.1 Concept of Chip Selection......Page 132 11.2 RAM Chip–Pin Details and Address Range......Page 133 11.3 Multiple Memory Address Range......Page 134 11.4 Working of 74138 Decoder IC......Page 135 11.5 Use of 74138 to Generate Chip Select Logic......Page 136 11.6 Use of 74138 in ALS-SDA-85M Kit......Page 137 Questions......Page 138 12.1 Need for I/O Ports......Page 140 12.2 IN and OUT Instructions......Page 142 12.3 Memory-Mapped I/O......Page 143 12.5 Comparison of Memory-Mapped I/O and I/O-Mapped I/O......Page 144 Questions......Page 147 Chapter 13: Architecture of 8085......Page 148 13.1 Details of 8085 Architecture......Page 149 13.2 Instruction Cycle......Page 155 13.3 Comparison of Different Machine Cycles......Page 167 13.4 Memory Speed Requirement......Page 168 13.5 Wait State Generation......Page 175 Questions......Page 176 Part II: Assembly Language Programs......Page 178 14.1 Exchange 10 Bytes......Page 180 14.2 Add two Multi-Byte Numbers......Page 184 14.3 Add two Multi-Byte BCD Numbers......Page 186 14.4 Block Movement without Overlap......Page 189 14.5 Block Movement with Overlap......Page 190 14.6 Add N Numbers of Size 8 Bits......Page 193 14.7 Check the Fourth Bit of a Byte......Page 196 14.8 Subtract two Multi-Byte Numbers......Page 197 14.9 Multiply two numbers of Size 8 Bits......Page 199 14.10 Divide a 16-Bit Number by an 8-Bit Number......Page 202 Questions......Page 204 Chapter 15: Use of PC in Writing and Executing 8085 Programs......Page 205 15.1 Steps Needed to Run an Assembly Language Program......Page 206 15.3 Generation of .OBJ File using a Cross-Assembler......Page 210 15.4 Generation of .HEX File using a Linker......Page 212 15.5 Downloading the Machine Code to the Kit......Page 214 15.7 Running the Program using the PC as a Terminal......Page 216 Questions......Page 219 Chapter 16: Additional Assembly Language Programs......Page 220 16.1 Search for a Number using Linear Search......Page 221 16.2 Find the Smallest Number......Page 223 16.3 Compute the HCF of Two 8-Bit Numbers......Page 225 16.4 Check for ‘2 out of 5’ Code......Page 227 16.5 Convert ASCII to Binary......Page 229 16.6 Convert Binary to ASCII......Page 231 16.7 Convert BCD to Binary......Page 233 16.8 Convert Binary to BCD......Page 236 16.9 Check for Palindrome......Page 243 16.10 Compute the LCM of Two 8-Bit Numbers......Page 245 16.11 Sort Numbers using Bubble Sort......Page 248 16.12 Sort Numbers using Selection Sort......Page 250 16.13 Simulate Decimal up Counter......Page 252 16.14 Simulate Decimal down Counter......Page 255 16.15 Display Alternately 00 and FF in the Data Field......Page 256 16.16 Simulate a Real-Time Clock......Page 258 Questions......Page 261 Chapter 17: More Complex Assembly Language Programs......Page 262 17.1 Subtract Multi-Byte BCD Numbers......Page 263 17.2 Convert 16-Bit Binary to BCD......Page 265 17.3 Do an operation on Two Numbers Based on the Value of X......Page 267 17.4 Do an Operation on Two BCD Numbers Based on the Value of X......Page 270 17.5 Bubble Sort in Ascending/Descending Order as per Choice......Page 274 17.6 Selection Sort in Ascending/Descending Order as per Choice......Page 278 17.7 Add Contents of N Word Locations......Page 281 17.8 Multiply Two 8-Bit Numbers (Shift and Add Method)......Page 283 17.9 Multiply two 2-Digit BCD Numbers......Page 285 17.10 Multiply two 16-Bit Binary Numbers......Page 287 Questions......Page 289 Part III: Programmable and Non-Programmable I/O Ports......Page 290 Chapter 18: Interrupts in 8085......Page 292 18.1 Data Transfer Schemes......Page 293 18.2 General Discussion about 8085 Interrupts......Page 298 18.3 EI and DI Instructions......Page 300 18.4 INTR and INTA* Pins......Page 303 18.5 RST5.5 and RST6.5 Pins......Page 306 18.6 RST7.5 Pin......Page 307 18.7 Trap Interrupt Pin......Page 308 18.8 Execution of ‘DAD rp’ Instruction......Page 311 18.9 SIM and RIM Instructions......Page 312 18.11 Programs using Interrupts......Page 317 Questions......Page 325 19.1 Working of 8212......Page 326 19.2 Applications of 8212......Page 330 Questions......Page 337 20.1 Description of 8255 PPI......Page 338 20.2 Operational Modes of 8255......Page 342 20.3 Control Port of 8255......Page 343 20.4 Mode 1–Strobed I/O......Page 346 20.5 Mode 2–Bi-Directional I/O......Page 355 Questions......Page 357 21.1 Description of Logic Controller Interface......Page 359 21.2 Successive Approximation ADC Interface......Page 368 21.3 Dual Slope ADC Interface......Page 371 21.4 Digital to Analog Converter Interface......Page 374 21.5 Stepper Motor Interface......Page 378 Questions......Page 381 Part IV: Support Chips......Page 382 Chapter 22: Interfacing of I/O Devices......Page 384 22.1 Interfacing 7-Segment Display......Page 385 22.2 Display Interface using Serial Transfer......Page 389 22.3 Interfacing a Simple Keyboard......Page 392 22.4 Interfacing a Matrix Keyboard ......Page 395 22.5 Description of Matrix Keyboard Interface......Page 396 22.6 Intel 8279 Keyboard And Display Controller......Page 399 22.7 Programs using 8279......Page 417 Questions......Page 429 Chapter 23: Intel 8259A—Programmable Interrupt Controller......Page 431 23.1 Need for an Interrupt Controller......Page 432 23.2 Overview of the Working of 8259......Page 434 23.3 Pins of 8259......Page 436 23.4 Registers used in 8259......Page 437 23.5 Programming the 8259 with no Slaves......Page 439 23.6 Programming the 8259 with Slaves......Page 451 23.8 Architecture of 8259......Page 454 Questions......Page 455 24.1 Concept of Direct Memory Access (DMA)......Page 457 24.2 Need for DMA Data Transfer......Page 458 24.3 Description of 8257 DMA Controller Chip......Page 459 24.4 Programming the 8257......Page 461 24.5 Description of the Pins Of 8257......Page 467 24.6 Working of the 8257 DMA Controller......Page 471 24.7 State Diagram of 8085......Page 472 Questions......Page 475 25.1 Need for Programmable Interval Timer......Page 476 25.2 Description of 8253 Timer......Page 477 25.3 Programming the 8253......Page 478 25.4 Mode 0–Interrupt On Terminal Count......Page 482 25.5 Mode 1–Re-Triggerable Mono- Stable Multi......Page 483 25.6 Mode 2–Rate Generator......Page 484 25.7 Mode 3–Square Wave Generator......Page 486 25.8 Mode 4–Software-Triggered Strobe......Page 487 28.9 Mode 5–Hardware-Triggered Strobe......Page 488 Questions......Page 490 26.1 Need for USART......Page 492 26.2 Asynchronous Transmission......Page 493 26.3 Asynchronous Reception......Page 496 26.4 Synchronous Transmission......Page 498 26.6 Pin Description of 8251 USART......Page 499 26.7 Programming the 8251......Page 503 26.8 Use of SOD Pin of 8085 for Serial Transfer......Page 507 Questions......Page 508 Chapter 27: Zilog Z-80 Microprocessor......Page 510 27.1 Comparison of Intel 8080 with Intel 8085......Page 511 27.2 Programmer’s View of Z-80......Page 512 27.3 Special Features of Z-80......Page 513 27.4 Addressing Modes of Z-80......Page 514 27.5 Special Instruction Types......Page 521 27.6 Pins of Z-80......Page 532 27.7 Interrupt Structure in Z-80......Page 534 27.8 Programming Examples......Page 539 27.9 Instruction Set Summary......Page 542 Questions......Page 543 Chapter 28: Motorola M6800 Microprocessor......Page 544 28.1 Pin Description of 6800......Page 545 28.2 Programmer’s View of 6800......Page 546 28.3 Addressing Modes of 6800......Page 548 28.4 Instruction Set of 6800......Page 551 28.5 Interrupts of 6800......Page 555 28.6 Programming Examples......Page 557 Questions......Page 560 Chapter 29: 8051 Microcontroller......Page 561 29.1 Main Features of Intel 8051......Page 562 29.2 Functional Blocks of Intel 8051......Page 563 29.3 Program Memory Structure......Page 565 29.4 Data Memory Structure......Page 566 29.5 Programmer’s View of 8051......Page 571 29.6 Addressing Modes of 8051......Page 572 29.7 Instruction Set of 8051......Page 575 29.8 Programming Examples......Page 583 Questions......Page 588 Chapter 30: Advanced Topics in 8051......Page 589 30.1 Interrupt Structure of 8051......Page 590 30.2 Timers of 8051......Page 594 30.3 Serial Interface......Page 599 30.4 Structure and Operation of Ports......Page 606 30.5 Power Saving Modes of 8051......Page 610 30.6 Programming of EPROM in 8751BH......Page 612 Questions......Page 615 Bibliography......Page 616 Index......Page 618 The 8085 Microprocessor: Architecture, Programming And Interfacing Is Designed For An Undergraduate Course On The 8085 Microprocessor, This Text Provides Comprehensive Coverage Of The Programming And Interfacing Of The 8-bit Microprocessor. Written In A Simple And Easy-to-understand Manner, This Book Introduces The Reader To The Basics And The Architecture Of The 8085 Microprocessor. It Presents Balanced Coverage Of Both Hardware And Software Concepts Related To The Microprocessor.