The 1st International Conference on Maritime Education and Development : ICMED, 23-24 November 2020, Surban, South Africa

This book presents the proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Maritime Education and Development. The conference exchanges knowledge, experiences and ideas in the domain of maritime education and development, with the ultimate goal of generating new knowledge and implementing smart strategies and actions. Topics include the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR); unmanned air/sea surface/underwater vehicles (UxV); the digital divide and Internet accessibility; digital infrastructure; IMO E-navigation strategy; smart-ship concept; automation and digitalization; cyber security; and maritime future. This proceedings pertains to researchers, academics, students, and professionals in the realm of maritime education and development. Presents the proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Maritime Education and Development, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, November 23-24, 2020; Provides a comprehensive view of maritime education and development in the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR); Pertinent to researchers, academics, professionals and students across maritime education and development International Scientific Committee Organizational Committee Preface Contents Contributors Part I: Virtual Smartness Chapter 1: Innovative SAMMON Teaching Method for Ship Handling: Element of the Project EURO-ZA Between South Africa and Europe 1.1 Introduction: Concept for Using Fast-Time Simulation and Intention for Use in the EU Project EURO-ZA Need for Simulation Support and Fast-Time Simulation Software Partners for EU Project EURO-ZA and Objectives 1.2 Use of Fast-Time Simulation for Lecturing and Familiarisation Using the Example of Wind Impact on Ship’s Motion Planning Tool Interface Samples for Drifting Under Wind with No Propulsion Rudder and Drift Angle for Balance on Straight Track Under Wind Wind Impact on Turning Motion 1.3 Use of Fast-Time Simulation for Planning of Manoeuvres for Simulator Training Task Description: Introduction, Conventional Briefing and New Concept Briefing by Means of the “SAMMON Manoeuvre Planning & Design Tool” 1.4 Conclusions/Outlook References Chapter 2: Artificial Intelligence as a Practical Approach to Represent Complex Dynamic Relationships in Maritime Navigation 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Artificial Neural Networks with External Dynamics Definitions Model Architecture Training of the MLP Network 2.3 Fields of Application Theoretical vs. Experimental Modelling Manoeuvring Assistance Software SAMMON Integration of the MLP Network into SAMMON and SIMOPT 2.4 Practical Implementation of the Method Data Acquisition Model Training and Validation 2.5 Application in Education 2.6 Summary and Outlook References Chapter 3: Statistical Analysis of the Weather Conditions of the Main SSS Routes in the Western Mediterranean for Its Presentation and Use as a Participatory Site Web to Support Learning Processes 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Materials and Methodology 3.3 Results 3.4 Discussion 3.5 Result Dissemination 3.6 Conclusions References Chapter 4: Modeling of the Navigation Situation Monitoring Ship Control System 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Onboard Subsystem of the Remote Monitoring System 4.3 Coastal Subsystem of Remote Monitoring System 4.4 Modeling the Operation of a System for Remote Monitoring of the Navigation Situation and the Status of Ship Control Systems 4.5 Stand Development and Experimental Research 4.6 Conclusion References Chapter 5: The Future of Shipping: A Shore-Based Experience? 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Maritime Transportation: The System’s Perspective Components and Actors Reviewing Ongoing Developments 5.3 Traffic Monitoring and Control: Today and Tomorrow State of the Art A Future’s Scenario 5.4 The Shore-Based Operator’s Perspective Transition from Navigators, Pilots to Shore-Based Operators Need for In-Depth Studies to Adapt Maritime Training and Education 5.5 Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 6: UAV for Ecological Monitoring of Water Surface 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Operation Principles Video Recording System Fluid Analysis Probe Flight Altitude Control Additional Solutions 6.3 Conclusion References Chapter 7: Key Features of the Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for Marine Surveillance Missions 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Key Features of AUVs Navigation Principles Communication Principles 7.3 The AUVs Deployed in COMPASS2020 Project The A27 AUV The A9-E AUV 7.4 Conclusion References Chapter 8: Low-Cost Unmanned Surface Vehicle for Autonomous Bathymetric Surveillance 8.1 Introduction 8.2 USV Main Parts Hull Engine and Propulsion System Autopilot Hardware Autopilot Software Sonar Ground Station Software 8.3 Post-processing Software Development Statement of the Bathymetric Data Visualization Problem Heat Map Algorithm 8.4 Conclusion References Chapter 9: Introduction to the Global Ship Tracking System via Mobile Satellite Constellations 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Development of GST Networks and Equipment Inmarsat GST Equipment and Data Network Iridium GST Equipment and Data Network Globalstar GST Equipment and Data Network Orbcomm GAT Equipment and Data Network 9.3 Global Ships Tracking (GST) Network 9.4 Satellite Data Link (SDL) Network 9.5 GNSS Augmentation SDL (GASDL) Network 9.6 Conclusion References Part II: Legal Issues Chapter 10: A Legal Analysis of the Collision and Strict Liability Framework for the Shipowner of Unmanned and Autonomous Vessels (South Africa) 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Definitions What Are Unmanned and Autonomous Vessels? Internationally Recognised Definition Will Unmanned and Autonomous Vessels Be Considered as ‘Ships’ Under South African Law? 10.3 Legal Issues Relating to Unmanned and Autonomous Vessel Regulation 10.4 Liability for the Negligent Operation of Unmanned and Autonomous Vessels Shipowner’s Liability 10.5 An Argument in Favour of the Strict Liability Approach 10.6 Conclusion References Chapter 11: Overtaking Vessels: COLREGs vs Practice 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Research Methods 11.3 The Analysis of the Results 11.4 Conclusion References Part III: Educational and Training Challenges Chapter 12: Smart Shipping Needs Smart Maritime Education and Training 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Development Trends in Education A Brief Historical Overview Specialist vs. Generalist 12.3 Smart Maritime Education New “Old” Priorities The Growing Importance of Diversity Key Concepts for Future Maritime Education 12.4 Conclusion References Chapter 13: Enhancing Maritime Education Through Online Distance Learning in Developing Environments: Case Study of South Africa 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Motives for Implementing ODL 13.3 Purpose of the Study 13.4 Advantages of ODL 13.5 Disadvantages of ODL 13.6 Durban University of Technology and ODL 13.7 Applied Methodology 13.8 Data Collection and Analysis 13.9 Results and Discussion 13.10 Conclusion References Chapter 14: Seafarer Training in the Age of Autonomy 14.1 Introduction 14.2 From Perception to Reality 14.3 Are Seafarers Dispensable? 14.4 MASS Era Roles, Skills and Competencies Skills and Competencies Required in the MASS Era 14.5 Seafarer Training in the Age of Autonomy 14.6 Conclusion References Chapter 15: Maritime Education and Training (MET) Curriculum Challenges in the Twenty-First Century 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Problem Statement 15.3 Aims and Objectives 15.4 Research Question 15.5 Applied Methodology 15.6 Curriculum Presage and Foundation of Curriculum Development 15.7 Curriculum Development Model in the Twenty-First Century (Phases) 15.8 Challenges of Curriculum Development 15.9 Government Role 15.10 Conclusion References Chapter 16: European Tempus TATU Project as the Basis for the IT/OT Maritime Engineers Education and Retraining 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Purpose 16.3 Approach 16.4 Actual or Anticipated Outcomes 16.5 Conclusions References Chapter 17: Digital Transformation of the Education Sector in the Western Balkans 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Industry 4.0: Development Trends and the Most Important Aspects of Action 17.3 Digital Transformation of the Education Sector in the Western Balkans 17.4 Characteristics of Digital Transformation of the Education Sector of the Republic of Srpska 17.5 Conclusion References Chapter 18: Artificial Neural Networks in Creating Intelligent Distance Learning Systems 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Method 18.3 Results 18.4 Discussion 18.5 Conclusion References Chapter 19: Ambient Intelligence in the Function of E-Learning Improvement 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Method Analysis of the E-Learning Environment Identification and Security Context Analyses Convolution Neural Networks Description of the General Architecture of Convolution Neural Networks 19.3 Results 19.4 Discussion 19.5 Conclusion References Chapter 20: Reflections on the COIL Project Concerning Nuclear Power Generation, Sea Transportation of Radioactive Materials, and Renewables’ Perspectives 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Project Management and Applied Methodology 20.3 The COIL Project Findings Nuclear Power Controversy and Prospective Sea Transportation of Nuclear Materials Brazilian Renewables’ Potentials South African Renewables’ Potentials 20.4 Conclusion References Chapter 21: Personalization of Teaching in E-Learning Systems 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Method 21.3 Results 21.4 Discussion 21.5 Conclusion References Chapter 22: The Importance of Information Technologies in Knowledge Management 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Performance of the Educational Process 22.3 Modern Information Technologies in Teaching 22.4 The Role of Teachers in Modern Education 22.5 Forms of Teaching Modernization 22.6 Conclusion References Part IV: STCW Concerns Chapter 23: Qualifications of MET Instructors Case Study: Republic of Croatia 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Challenges for MHE Institutions with Regard to MET Instructors Regarding the Legal Framework for the Education of Seafarers in the Republic of Croatia 23.3 Possible Solutions for Boarding a Ship and Navigation by MET Instructors During Their Employment at a MET Institution 23.4 Starting Points for the Regulation of Labour Law and Social Security Relations in the Legal Regulations of the Republic of Croatia Regulating Labour Law and Social Security Relations of MET Instructors Regulating Labour Law and Social Security Relations of Seafarers 23.5 Proposal on the Means of Regulating the Rights of MET Instructors for Boarding a Vessel and Sailing While They Are Employed at an MHE Institution 23.6 Conclusion References Chapter 24: A Survey of Maritime English Textbook Activities for Marine Engineers 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Aim and Methodology 24.3 ESP: The Case of Maritime English 24.4 Communicative Approach 24.5 Exercise Typologies 24.6 Results of the Analysis and Discussion 24.7 Conclusion References Part V: Voice of Seafarers Chapter 25: What Seafarers Say 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Almost All Had Close Family Connections Already in the Merchant Navy or, If Not, the Offshore Industry 25.3 No Participant Indicated That a Career in the Merchant Navy Was Their First Choice of Career 25.4 Having Started Their First Trip at Sea, Expectations Were Not Always Met 25.5 Going Away to Sea Changed the Mindset Somewhat 25.6 Likes and Dislikes References Part VI: Business vs Sustainability Chapter 26: An Economic Development Policy Implementation Approach to Creation of Sustainable Maritime SMMEs in the KwaZulu-Natal Province 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Purpose of the Study 26.3 Conceptual/Theoretical Background or Framework 26.4 Methods/Techniques 26.5 Conclusion References Chapter 27: Comparing Carbon Footprint of Maritime Transport Routes on North Adriatic-South Africa Trade 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Research Background 27.3 Research Approach Data Obtaining Method and Selection Applied Tools and Setting Criteria 27.4 Results and Discussion Operational and Commercial Data GHG Footprint and Energy Efficiency Discussion 27.5 Conclusion References Chapter 28: South Adriatic Connectivity Governance as One of the SAGOV Project Concerns 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Current Situation Need for Cooperation 28.3 SAGOV Project Relevance and Approach Project Objectives, Expected Result, and Main Outputs 28.4 Conclusions References Part VII: Safety and Security in Digital Realm Chapter 29: Cybersecurity IoT Architecture: One Proposed Solution for the Security Risks and Threats 29.1 Introduction 29.2 IoT Security Frameworks NIST IoT Security Framework OWASP IoT Security Framework 29.3 Proposed Solution 29.4 Conclusion References Chapter 30: Enhancing Scientific Research Opportunities and E-Learning by Integrating Large Medical ISs 30.1 Introduction 30.2 ICT Systems in Medicine 30.3 Integration and Sharing of Medical Information 30.4 Artificial Intelligence 30.5 Conclusion References Chapter 31: E-Learning When Pandemic Endangers Human Population: Case Studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Austria 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Case Study Austria 31.3 Case Study Bosnia and Herzegovina 31.4 Conclusion References Chapter 32: E-Learning in Secondary Schools in the Republic of Srpska and Improvement Suggestions in COVID-19 Setting 32.1 Introduction 32.2 Organization of Distance Learning in Secondary Schools of the Republic of Srpska 32.3 Survey Results and Analysis 32.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Distance Learning 32.5 Conclusion References Chapter 33: The Possibility of Using Distance Learning During the Emergency 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Materials and Methods 33.3 Results and Discussion 33.4 Conclusion References Chapter 34: E-Education During COVID-19 Pandemic: Apeiron University Practical Experiences 34.1 Introduction 34.2 The Status of E-Education at Pan-European University Apeiron Before the COVID-19 Pandemic 34.3 E-Education in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic 34.4 Conclusion References Chapter 35: MET in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Setting: A Curse or a Blessing in Disguise? 35.1 Introduction 35.2 Disadvantages 35.3 Advantages 35.4 Conclusion References Part VIII: Miscellaneous Chapter 36: Usage of Information Technologies in the Digitalization Process of the Modern Architectural Office 36.1 Introduction 36.2 Definition of BIM: Advantages and Risks 36.3 IT Requirements for BIM Implementation 36.4 Visualization and Virtual and Augmented Reality 36.5 The Importance of Backup and Snapshotting 36.6 Conclusion References Chapter 37: Control Towers in Supply Chain Management: Standardization and Documentation Preparation 37.1 Introduction 37.2 Standardization of Trade Documents Significance and Role of Standardization: The Layout of Trade Documents Invoice: Layout Electronic Transmission E-CMR 37.3 Conclusion References Chapter 38: Space Technology and the Management of Water Infrastructure in South Africa 38.1 Introduction 38.2 Aims and Objectives Aim of the Study Objectives of the Study 38.3 Methodology Research Design Research Approach Data Extraction Analysis Interpretation 38.4 Managing Water Infrastructure 38.5 Space Technology in Africa and South Africa 38.6 Practical Role of Space Technology 38.7 Linking Water Infrastructure to Space Technology 38.8 How Space Science Technology Can Assist in Resolving the Challenges 38.9 Conclusion 38.10 Recommendations for Future Research References Chapter 39: The Analysis of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the Numerical Estimation of Multipath Propagation 39.1 Introduction 39.2 The GNSS Architecture The GNSS Frequency Allocation and the GNSS Receiver 39.3 The GNSS Multipath The Receiver and Satellite Multipath The Diffuse Multipath and the Specular Multipath The Hardware-Induced Multipath 39.4 The Numerical Algorithms to Estimate the Multipath Along the Receiving Channel The Numerical Algorithms of the Transfer Function Along the Receiving Channel Multipath Parameter Definition and Computation Impact of Multipath on GNSS Code Pseudo-range Measurements Impact of Multipath on the Code Delay Estimate Raw Code Multipath Ranging Errors in the Presence of a Single Echo Signal 39.5 Conclusion References Chapter 40: Conceptual Design and Analysis of Modern Space Solar Power Satellite and Rectenna Systems 40.1 Introduction 40.2 Research Objective 40.3 Space Solar Power Satellite System Design Requirements Space Satellite (SUNSAT) System Microwave Power Transmission System Ground Rectenna System 40.4 Conclusion References Index