The 100 Most Important American Financial Crises : An Encyclopedia of the Lowest Points in American Economic History

Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1676 -- Bacon's Rebellion -- 1703 -- Tobacco Depression -- 1719 -- Mississippi Bubble -- 1733 -- Molasses Act -- 1749 -- Colonial Hyperinflation and Currency Deflation -- 1750 -- Iron Act -- 1762 -- Colonial Recession -- 1764 / 1765 -- Sugar Act, Currency Act, and Stamp Act Boycotts -- 1772 -- Credit Crisis -- 1776 -- War Financing Crisis -- 1781 -- Currency Deflation and Inflation -- 1790 -- Debt Assumption, Debt Retirement, and Expanding the Economy -- 1792 -- Panic -- 1794 -- Whiskey Tax Rebellion -- 1796 / 1797 -- Panic -- 1800 -- Trade Interference by Barbary Coast Pirates -- 1807 -- Economic Embargo and Depression -- 1812 -- War of 1812 -- 1816 / 1819 -- Economic Warfare and Dumping by Great Britain -- 1819 -- Panic -- 1820s -- Cotton Recession -- 1825 -- British Panic and Its American Impact -- 1828 -- Tariff of Abominations -- 1833 -- Andrew Jackson Closes the Bank of the United States and Lowers Tariffs -- 1837 -- Panic and Six-Year Depression -- 1847 -- Panic -- 1848 -- Gold Rush Boom and Bust -- 1850 -- Whale Oil Shortage: The First Energy Crisis -- 1854 -- Panic -- 1854 -- Decline of American Canals -- 1857 -- Panic -- 1861 -- Civil War Economics, Shortages, and Inflation -- 1862 -- Union Blockade and Inflation -- 1869 -- Grant's Recession -- 1873 -- Panic and Global Depression -- 1877 -- Great National Railroad Strike -- 1880s -- New England Energy Crisis -- 1882 -- Bessemer Process and the Labor Crisis -- 1882 -- Recession -- 1884 -- Panic -- 1890 -- British Panic.;The United States has fairly recently experienced the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. But crippling financial crises are hardly unusual: economic emergencies have occurred throughout American history and can be seen as a cyclical and "normal" (if undesirable) aspect of an economic system. This encyclopedia supplies objective, accessible, and interesting entries on major U.S. financial crises from the Colonial era to today that have had tremendous domestic impact-and in many cases, global impact as well. Covering events such as banking crises, economic bubbles, natural disasters, trade embargoes, and depressions, this single-volume encyclopedia of major U.S. financial downturns provides readers with an event-driven understanding of the evolution of the American economy. The United States has fairly recently experienced the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. But crippling financial crises are hardly unusual: economic emergencies have occurred throughout American history and can be seen as a cyclical and "normal" (if undesirable) aspect of an economic system. This encyclopedia supplies objective, accessible, and interesting entries on 100 major U.S. financial crises from the Colonial era to today that have had tremendous domestic impact—and in many cases, global impact as well. The entries explore the history and impact of major economic events, including banking crises, economic shortages, recessions, national strikes and labor upheavals, natural resource shortages, panics, real estate bubbles, social upheavals, and the collapse of specific American industries such as rubber and steel production. Students will find this book an essential ready-reference on key events in American economic history that documents how and why these events led to significant financial and economic problems throughout the United States and around the globe. Supplies up-to-date information on financial crises from crashes to natural disasters that is relevant to high school and college students in history, government, business, and economics classes Offers a look at causes, responses, and ultimate outcomes of financial crises decades later, allowing readers to perceive unintended consequences of free trade agreements or new technology Documents how events far outside average American citizens' awareness can culminate in a financial crisis that greatly impacts their everyday lives, and the cyclical nature of the nation's economy Includes key primary documents, a chronology of key dates, an appendix of relevant sources, and an index organized by category, company names, and personal names