Textbook of Female Urology and Urogynaecology

Written by an international team of urologists and gynecologists, this book covers the basic structure and function of the lower urinary tract in the female. It includes the diagnostic evaluation of incontinence and prolapse, the treatment of incontinence, prolapse, and related conditions, the different forms of associated disorders, and other considerations that include care in the community and medico-legal aspects. The appendices contain guidelines drawn up by the International Continence Society. The in-depth coverage of history, basic sciences, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, associated disorders, and more make this the standard reference on this subject. Preliminaries......Page 1 Contents......Page 6 List of contributors......Page 10 Foreword......Page 18 1 History of urogynaecology......Page 22 2 Epidemiology (USA)......Page 30 3 Epidemiology (Europe)......Page 40 4 Epidemiology (Australia)......Page 54 5 Quality of life and urinary incontinence......Page 66 6 Communication......Page 78 7 The evolution of continence nurse specialists......Page 84 8 Classification of voiding dysfunction......Page 102 9 Basic embryology......Page 110 10 Female urethral embryology with clinical applications......Page 122 11 Anatomy......Page 130 12 Clinical physiology of micturition......Page 144 13 Pharmacology of the bladder......Page 158 14 History and examination......Page 172 15 Voiding diary......Page 186 16 Pad tests......Page 194 17 Uroflowmetry......Page 202 18 Cystometry......Page 216 19 The pressure–flow plot in the evaluation of female incontinence......Page 224 20 Urethral pressure measurements......Page 234 21 Leak-point pressures......Page 246 22 Electromyography......Page 258 23 Nerve conduction studies......Page 270 24 Videourodynamics......Page 282 25 Ambulatory urodynamics......Page 294 26 Radiology and urogynaecology......Page 304 27 Ultrasonography......Page 318 28 Endoscopy......Page 332 29 Outcomes of conservative treatment......Page 344 30 Behavioural therapies in the management of urinary incontinence in women......Page 362 31 Physiotherapy for incontinence......Page 370 32 Drug treatment of voiding dysfunction in women......Page 378 33 Catheters; pads and pants; appliances......Page 428 34 Prevention of incontinence and prolapse......Page 448 35 Modern devices for the non-surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse and genuine stress incontinence......Page 456 36 Outcomes and incontinence......Page 470 37 Preparation for surgery......Page 488 38 Intra-urethral injection therapy......Page 498 39 Vaginal approaches for the treatment of stress incontinence......Page 512 40 Needle suspensions......Page 526 41 Retropubic cystourethropexies......Page 532 42 Laparoscopic colposuspension......Page 544 43 Sling procedures – organic......Page 550 44 Sling procedures – artificial......Page 562 45 The artificial urinary sphincter in the female patient......Page 582 46 Aetiology and classification of pelvic organ prolapse......Page 594 47 Anterior vaginal prolapse with and without genuine stress incontinece......Page 606 48 Enterocele......Page 618 49 Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of rectoceles......Page 634 50 Perineal and primary anal sphincter repairs......Page 646 51 Faecal incontinence: postanal and direct sphincter repair......Page 662 52 Sacrospinous colpopexy for support of the vaginal apex......Page 672 53 Abdominal sacral colpopexy......Page 686 54 Hysterectomy......Page 694 55 Surgical fistulae......Page 710 56 Obstetric fistulae......Page 730 57 Urethral diverticulum and fistula......Page 740 58 Electrical implants in the treatment of voiding dysfunction......Page 764 59 Complex reconstructive urological surgery......Page 774 60 Gynaecological developmental anomalies......Page 802 61 Paediatric urogynaecology......Page 810 62 Complications of surgery for genuine stress incontinence......Page 826 63 Effects of pelvic surgery on the lower urinary tract......Page 836 64 Urological complications of gynaecological surgery......Page 844 65 Neurological disorders......Page 856 66 Non-neurogenic voiding difficulties and retention......Page 874 67 Cystitis and urethritis......Page 884 68 Frequency/urgency syndromes......Page 920 69 Urethral syndrome......Page 938 70 Vaginitis......Page 944 71 Laparoscopic treatment of pelvic pain......Page 958 72 Sports and fitness activities......Page 970 73 Problems associated with sexual activity......Page 978 74 Nulliparous women......Page 988 75 Pregnancy and childbirth......Page 996 76 Menopause......Page 1012 77 Anal incontinence......Page 1026 78 Outcome measures in women with lower urinary tract symptoms......Page 1038 79 The purpose of standardization of terminology and methods in patients with lowe urinary tract dysfunction......Page 1042 80 The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract fucntion recommended by the Internation Contience Society......Page 1050 81 The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction......Page 1068 Index......Page 1080 As we move into a new millennium, accompanied by many new advances in the field of urogynaecology and reconstructive pelvic surgery, it is appropriate to take time to reflect on the events of the last century, and to make suggestions for future directions. Starting with the subject's global history and epidemiology, this book includes basic structure and function of the female lower urinary tract, diagnostic evaluation and treatment of incontinence, associated disorders and medico-legal aspects.