TeX for the impatient

Cover 1 Title 2 Copyright 5 Preface 8 Preface to the free edition 10 Brief contents 12 Contents 13 Contents 2 14 Contents 3 15 Contents 4 16 Contents 5 17 Contents 6 18 Read this first 20 1 – Using this book 22 Syntactic conventions 23 Descriptions of the commands 24 2 – Using TeX 28 Turning input into ink 28 Programs and files you need 28 Running TEX 30 Preparing an input file 31 Commands and control sequences 31 Arguments 32 Parameters 33 Spaces 33 Comments 34 Punctuation 34 Special characters 36 Groups 36 Math formulas 37 How TeX works 37 New TEX versus old TEX 39 Resources 39 3 – Examples 42 Entering simple text 43 Indentation 45 Fonts and special characters 47 Interline spacing 49 Spacing, rules, and boxes 51 Odds and ends 53 Using fonts from other sources 55 A ruled table 57 Typesetting mathematics 59 More mathematics 61 4 – Concepts 64 A 64 active character 64 alignment 65 anatomy of TeX 67 ASCII 70 assignment 70 B 71 badness 71 box 72 C 74 category code 74 character 76 class 77 command 77 conditional test 78 control sequence 78 control symbol 79 control word 79 D 79 decimal constant 79 delimiter 79 demerits 81 depth 81 dimension 81 display math 82 E 82 escape character 82 F 83 family 83 file 83 file name 84 footer 86 format file 86 G 86 global 86 glue 87 group 89 H 90 hbox 90 header 90 height 90 horizontal list 90 horizontal mode 90 hyphenation 91 I 91 input stream 91 insertion 91 interline glue 91 item 92 J 92 justified text 92 K 92 kern 92 L 93 leaders 93 ligature 94 line break 95 list 96 log file 96 M 96 macro 96 magnification 99 margins 100 mark 100 math mode 101 mathcode 101 mathematical unit 102 mode 102 muglue 103 N 103 number 103 O 104 ordinary mode 104 output routine 104 output stream 105 P 105 page 105 page break 106 page builder 107 page layout 107 paragraph 107 parameter 108 penalty 109 plain TEX 109 primitive 109 R 109 reference point 109 register 110 restricted mode 111 rule 111 S 112 scriptscript size 112 shrink 112 space 112 stretch 113 strut 113 style 113 T 114 TeX MeX 114 text math 114 text size 114 token 114 U 114 unit of measure 114 V 115 vbox 115 vertical list 115 vertical mode 115 W 115 whatsit 115 width 116 5 – Commands for composing paragraphs 118 Characters and accents 118 Letters and ligatures for European alphabets 118 Special symbols 119 Arbitrary characters 120 Accents 121 Defeating boundary ligatures 122 Selecting fonts 123 Particular fonts 123 Type styles 124 Uppercase and lowercase 124 Interword spacing 125 Centering and justifying lines 129 Shaping paragraphs 131 Starting, ending, and indenting paragraphs 131 Shaping entire paragraphs 135 Line breaks 141 Encouraging or discouraging line breaks 141 Line breaking parameters 144 Hyphenation 147 Section headings, lists, and theorems 150 6 – Commands for composing pages 154 Interline and interparagraph spaces 154 Page breaks 157 Encouraging or discouraging page breaks 157 Page breaking parameters 159 Page layout 161 Page description parameters 161 Page numbers 163 Header and footer lines 164 Marks 165 Insertions 166 Footnotes 166 General insertions 167 Modifying the output routine 169 Splitting vertical lists 170 7 – Commands for horizontal and vertical modes 174 Producing space 174 Fixed-width horizontal space 174 Fixed-length vertical space 175 Variable-size space 176 Manipulating boxes 181 Constructing hboxes and vboxes 181 Setting and retrieving the contents of boxes 185 Shifting boxes 187 Dimensions of box registers 188 Struts, phantoms, and empty boxes 188 Parameters pertaining to malformed boxes 191 Retrieving the last item from a list 192 Rules and leaders 193 Alignments 197 Tabbing alignments 197 General alignments 199 8 – Commands for composing math formulas 208 Simple parts of formulas 208 Greek letters 208 Miscellaneous ordinary math symbols 209 Binary operations 210 Relations 211 Left and right delimiters 212 Arrows 213 Named mathematical functions 214 Large operators 215 Punctuation 217 Superscripts and subscripts 218 Selecting and using styles 219 Compound symbols 220 Math accents 220 Fractions and other stacking operations 221 Dots 224 Delimiters 225 Matrices 226 Roots and radicals 227 Equation numbers 228 Multiline displays 229 Fonts in math formulas 230 Constructing math symbols 232 Making delimiters bigger 232 Parts of large symbols 232 Aligning parts of a formula 233 Aligning accents 233 Aligning material vertically 234 Producing spaces 235 Fixed-width math spaces 235 Variable-width math spaces 236 Spacing parameters for displays 237 Other spacing parameters for math 238 Categorizing math constructs 239 Special actions for math formulas 239 9 – Commands for general operations 242 Naming and modifying fonts 242 Converting information to tokens 245 Numbers 245 Environmental information 245 Values of variables 247 Grouping 248 Macros 251 Defining macros 251 Other definitions 253 Controlling expansion 254 Conditional tests 256 Repeated actions 261 Doing nothing 262 Registers 263 Using registers 263 Naming and reserving registers, etc. 265 Doing arithmetic in registers 266 Ending the job 267 Input and output 268 Operations on input files 268 Operations on output files 270 Interpreting input characters 272 Controlling interaction with TeX 273 Diagnostic aids 274 Displaying internal data 274 Specifying what is traced 277 Sending messages 282 Initializing TeX 284 10 – Tips and techniques 286 Correcting bad page breaks 286 Preserving the end of a page 288 Leaving space at the top of a page 288 Correcting bad line breaks 289 Correcting overfull or underfull boxes 289 Recovering lost interword spaces 291 Avoiding unwanted interword spaces 291 Avoiding excess space around a display 292 Avoiding excess space after a paragraph 292 Changing the paragraph shape 293 Putting paragraphs into a box 293 Drawing lines 294 Creating multiline headers or footers 295 Finding mismatched braces 296 Setting dimensions 297 Creating composite fonts 297 Reproducing text verbatim 298 Using outer macros 300 Changing category codes 301 Making macro files more readable 302 11 – Making sense of error messages 304 12 – A compendium of useful macros 312 Preliminaries 312 Displays 316 Time of day 318 Lists 319 Verbatim listing 321 Tables of contents 322 Cross-references 323 Environments 325 Justification 327 Tables 328 Footnotes 330 Double columns 330 Finishing up 332 13 – Capsule summary of commands 334 GNU Free Documentation License 362 Preamble 362 Applicability and Definitions 363 Verbatim Copying 364 Copying in Quantity 365 Modifications 366 Combining Documents 367 Collections of Documents 368 Aggregation with Independent Works 368 Translation 369 Termination 369 Future Revisions of This License 369 Addendum: How to use this License for your documents 370 Index 372 A-B 373 C 374 D 375 E 376 F 377 G-H 378 I-J 379 K-L 380 M 381 N-O 382 P 383 Q-R 384 S 385 T 386 U-V 387 W-X-Y-Z 388