TERRITORIALITY AND CONFLICT IN AN ERA OF GLOBALIZATION; ED. BY MILES KAHLER

Predictions that globalization would undermine territorial attachments and weaken the sources of territorial conflict have not been realized in recent decades. Globalization may have produced changes in territoriality and the functions of borders, but it has not eliminated them. The contributors to this volume examine this relationship, arguing that much of the change can be attributed to sources other than economic globalization. Bringing the perspectives of law, political science, anthropology, and geography to bear on the complex causal relations among territoriality, conflict, and globalization, leading contributors examine how territorial attachments are constructed, why they have remained so powerful in the face of an increasingly globalized world, and what effect continuing strong attachments may have on conflict. They argue that territorial attachments and people's willingness to fight for territory depends upon the symbolic role it plays in constituting people's identities, and producing a sense of belonging in an increasingly globalized world. Cover 1 Half-title 3 Title 5 Copyright 6 Contents 7 Figures 9 Tables 10 Contributors 11 Acknowledgments 13 1 Territoriality and conflict in an era of globalization 15 Territoriality and globalization defined 17 Territoriality 17 Globalization 19 Explaining territorial attachments 20 Territorial stakes, globalization, and conflict 24 Territorial regimes in an era of globalization 29 Globalization, conflict, and changes in territoriality 33 NOTES 35 Part I Territorial attachment and detachment 37 2 Bounded communities: territoriality, territorial attachment, and conflict 39 Introduction 39 Collective defense and territoriality 43 Focal principles for the homeland 46 Observable implications 58 Philip the Fair (1285–1314) 59 New international boundaries 65 Conclusion 69 NOTES 70 3 On giving ground: globalization, religion, and territorial detachment in a Papua New Guinea society 76 Territorial detachment among the Urapmin 77 Territory and identity in pre-contact Urapmin 80 Development and the drive for territorial detachment 82 Christianity and symbolic detachment from territory 88 Conclusion 95 NOTES 97 4 The resilience of territorial conflict in an era of globalization 99 Introduction 99 Theoretical framework: territoriality in a globalized world 101 Ethnoterritorial conflict in a globalized world 104 Territorial scale, power relations, and control mechanisms 104 The symbolic and non-tangible dimensions of territorial behavior 109 Territorial compartmentalization, conflict, and borders 115 Conclusion 122 NOTES 124 5 Diasporas and homeland conflict 125 Migration and conflict-generated diasporas 126 Conflict-generated diasporas and “homeland” 129 Diaspora networks: setting the terms of debate around homeland conflict 130 The Ethiopian diaspora: attachment to territory and protracted conflict 134 Conflict resolution and diasporas: engagement and transformation 137 Engaging diasporas through dialogue 138 Northern Ireland: from promoting violence to promoting peace 140 Conclusions 141 NOTES 142 Part II Territorial stakes and violent conflict 145 6 Territory and war: state size and patterns of interstate conflict 147 State size 147 Expansion 148 Contraction 151 State size and conflict 153 Patterns of state size and conflict 156 Data 157 Results 158 Conflict issues 160 Conclusion 166 NOTES 168 7 Globalization, economic development, and territorial conflict 170 Introduction 170 Studies of development, globalization, and conflict 172 Economic development: grand panacea or dangerous storm? 172 Globalization: integrating force or impetus for conflict? 175 How globalization and development influence conflict 180 Territorial versus non-territorial conflict 180 Initiators and targets 181 Differences between globalization and development 182 Research design 183 Data 184 Results 186 Conclusion 192 NOTES 194 8 The death of distance? The globalization of armed conflict 201 Interaction 201 The distance factor 202 Location 205 Globalization 206 But it ain’t necessarily so 210 Research design 213 Empirical results 215 Is it really territory? 223 Conclusions 227 NOTES 228 Part III Territorial regimes in an era of globalization 231 9 The evolution of territoriality: international relations and American law 233 Westphalia and territoriality 236 Empire and extraterritorial courts 236 The dominance of jurisdictional congruence 238 Territoriality and sovereignty in the nineteenth century 239 Constitutional rights abroad 239 The reach of the regulatory state 240 Colonies and possessions 241 The decline of strict territoriality 242 The rise of extraterritoriality: regulatory law 242 Deterritorializing the Constitution 244 Reterritorializing the Constitution 245 Globalization, territoriality, and the international system 248 International influences on the decline of strict territoriality 249 Globalization past and present 250 The liberal peace and the decline of territorial war 253 Global power pojection and the territoriality of rights 256 Territoriality, aliens, and transboundary bads 258 Power and purpose 259 Conclusion 261 NOTES 262 10 Trade and territorial conflict in Latin America: international borders as institutions 265 Borders as institutions 267 Data and methodology 273 Establishing a baseline for trade: border effects using a gravity model of bilateral trade 273 The primary explanatory variable: defining territorial disputes 275 Controls 276 Case selection and estimation methods 278 Findings 280 Some plausible examples 290 Conclusions 291 Appendix 1: Data 294 Dependent Variable 294 Explanatory Variables 294 NOTES 298 Conclusion 302 The findings 303 Sources of territorial attachments 303 Globalization’s effect on territoriality and conflict: the empirical results 306 Implications for theory and policy 307 Theoretical implications 307 Policy implications 308 Conclusion 309 References 311 Index 348 Territoriality And Conflict In An Era Of Globalization / Miles Kahler -- Bounded Communities : Territoriality, Territorial Attachment, And Conflict / Hein Goemans -- On Giving Ground : Globalization, Religion, And Territorial Detachment In A Papua New Guinea Society / Joel Robbins -- The Resilience Of Territorial Conflict In An Era Of Globalization / David Newman -- Diasporas And Homeland Conflict / Terrence Lyons -- Territory And War : State Size And Patterns Of Interstate Conflict / David A. Lake, Angela O'mahony -- Globalization, Economic Development, And Territorial Conflict / Erik Gartzke -- The Death Of Distance? The Globalization Of Armed Conflict / Halvard Buhaug, Nils Petter Gleditsch -- The Evolution Of Territoriality : International Relations And American Law / Kal Raustiala -- Trade And Territorial Conflict In Latin America : International Borders As Institutions / Beth A. Simmons -- Conclusion / Barbara F. Walter. Edited By Miles Kahler And Barbara F. Walter. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 297-333) And Index. The world of the early twenty-first century displays both persistent attachments to territory and violent conflict over those territorial stakes.

Leading contributors examine how territorial attachments are constructed and why they have remained so powerful.