Terrestrial biospheric carbon fluxes : quantification of sinks and sources of CO2 : [workshop] Bad Harzburg, Germany, 1-5 March 1993

Towards the Balance and Management of the Carbon Budget of the Biosphere The current state of misunderstanding of the global C cycle and our failure to resolve an issue that has been debated for 100 years (Jones and Henderson-Sellers, 1990) speaks loudly about the limitations of modem science when faced with the complexity of the biosphere. Efforts to understand and balance the global C budget have gone through several phases. First was a holistic view of the C budget as part of efforts to understand the geochemistry of the Earth (e. g. , Clarke, 1908). Next, came a period of data collection and sythesis which focused on the diversity of sectors of the biosphere. This phase culminated in the early 1970's with the realization that humans were greatly impacting the global C cycle as measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory (Keeling et al. , 1973). New syntheses of the global C budget emerged at this time (Woodwell and Pacan, 1973; Bolin et al. , 1979). The next phase was one of controversy and intense focus on particular sectors of the biosphere. The controversy rested on discrepancies about the role of the terrestrial biota in the global C cycle and the failure to account for sufficient C sinks to absorb all the C emitted by land-use change in the tropics (Woodwell et al. , 1978, 1983; Houghton et al. , 1983). Front Matter....Pages i-xii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Workshop Summary Statement: Terrestrial Bioshperic Carbon Fluxes Quantification of Sinks and Sources of CO 2 ....Pages 3-15 Front Matter....Pages 17-17 The Global Terrestrial Carbon Cycle....Pages 19-37 Boreal Forests and Tundra....Pages 39-53 Contribution of Temperate Forests to the World’s Carbon Budget....Pages 55-69 Tropical Forests: Their Past, Present, and Potential Future Role in the Terrestrial Carbon Budget....Pages 71-94 Assessment of C Budget for Grasslands and Drylands of the World....Pages 95-109 Agricultural Sources and Sinks of Carbon....Pages 111-122 Land and Water Interface Zones....Pages 123-137 Biomass Management and Energy....Pages 139-159 Front Matter....Pages 161-161 Contribution of Northern Forests to the Global C Cycle: Canada as a Case Study....Pages 163-176 Carbon Sequestration in Norway Spruce in South Sweden as Influenced by Air Pollution, Water Availability, and Fertilization....Pages 177-186 Impact of Forests on Net National Emissions of Carbon Dioxide in West Europe....Pages 187-196 The Potential Aboveground Carbon Storage of North American Forests....Pages 197-205 Comparison of Two Methods to Assess the Carbon Budget of Forest Biomes in the Former Soviet Union....Pages 207-221 Pools and Fluxes of Biogenic Carbon in the Former Soviet Union....Pages 223-237 Forest Management and Carbon Storage: An Analysis of 12 Key Forest Nations....Pages 239-257 Effects of Atmospheric CO 2 Enrichment on CO 2 Exchange Rates of Beech Stands in Small Model Ecosystems....Pages 259-277 Carbon Trends of Productive Temperate Forests of the Coterminous United States....Pages 279-293 The Carbon Cycle and Global Forest Ecosystem....Pages 295-307 Forest Responses to Co 2 Enrichment and Climate Warming....Pages 309-323 Front Matter....Pages 161-161 U.S. Carbon Offset Potential using Biomass Energy Systems....Pages 483-497 Utilising Biomass Crops as an Energy Source: A European Perspective....Pages 499-518 Forest Management and Biomass in the U.S.A.....Pages 519-532 Co 2 -Mitigation By Agroforestry....Pages 533-544 Terrestrial Carbon Management and Electric Utilities....Pages 545-560 Forest Sector Carbon Offset Projects: Near-Term Opportunities to Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions....Pages 561-577 Manipulating Biotic Carbon Sources and Sinks for Climate Change Mitigation: Can Science Keep Up with Practice?....Pages 579-593 The Interaction of Climate and Land Use in Future Terrestrial Carbon Storage and Release....Pages 595-614 Present Role of German Forests and Forestry in the National Carbon Budget and Options to its Increase....Pages 325-340 Potential for Carbon Sequestration in the Drylands....Pages 341-355 Analysis of Agroecosystem Carbon Pools....Pages 357-371 Managing Crop Residues for the Retention of Carbon....Pages 373-380 Co 2 -Emissions From Agriculture: Sources and Mitigation Potentials....Pages 381-388 The Effect of Trends in Tillage Practices on Erosion and Carbon Content of Soils in the US Corn Belt....Pages 389-401 The Impact of Cultivation on Carbon Fluxes in Woody Savannas of Southern Africa....Pages 403-412 Potential Impacts of Elevated CO 2 and Above- and Belowground Litter Quality of a Tallgrass Prairie....Pages 413-424 Diurnal and Seasonal Carbon Dioxide Exchange and Its Components in Temperate Grasslands In the Netherlands - an Outline of the Methodology....Pages 425-430 Major Carbon Reservoirs of the Pedosphere; Source - Sink Relations; Potential of D 14 C and δ 13 C as Supporting Methodologies....Pages 431-442 Riverine Transport of Atmospheric Carbon: Sources, Global Typology and Budget....Pages 443-463 Accord Between Ocean Models Predicting Uptake of Anthropogenic CO 2 ....Pages 465-481 Front Matter....Pages 161-161 Quantifying Feedback Processes In the Response of The Terrestrial Carbon Cycle to Global Change: The Modeling Approach of Image-2....Pages 615-628 The Potential Response of Global Terrestrial Carbon Storage To A Climate Change....Pages 629-642 Modeling the Effects of Climatic and CO 2 Changes on Grassland Storage of Soil C....Pages 643-657 Vegetation Redistribution: A Possible Biosphere Source of CO 2 during Climatic Change....Pages 659-673 Structure of A Global and Seasonal Carbon Exchange Model for The Terrestrial Biosphere The Frankfurt Biosphere Model (FBM)....Pages 675-684 An Epilogue for Perspective: Forests are More than Carbon Sinks....Pages 685-686 Back Matter....Pages 687-696

This volume presents the work carried out by eight working groups at a meeting held in Bad Harzburg, Germany, in March 1993, to develop a state-of-the-science assessment of the present and likely future carbon fluxes associated with the major components of the Earth's terrestrial biosphere. Major topics considered were: Global Carbon Cycle; Boreal Forests and Tundra; Temperate Forests; Tropical Forests; Grasslands, Savannas and Deserts; Land and Water Interface Zones; Agroecosystems; and Biomass Management.

Considers present and likely future carbon fluxes associated with the major components of the Earth's terrestrial biosphere. Topics covered include global carbon cycle; boreal forests and tundra; temperate forests; tropical forests; grasslands, savannas and deserts; and biomass management.