Terms of Address: Problems of Patterns and Usage in Various Languages and Cultures (Contributions to the Sociology of Language [CSL], 50)

Preface vii informants in various countries, and, most of all, to our informants without whose cooperation we could not have done what we did. ## Contents Preface ν 1. Introduction: The Kiel research project 1.1 Planning and development 1.2 Working in the project 1.3 The staff 1.4 Publications 2. Aspects of address theory 2.0 Basic concepts and terminology 2.1 Some basic publications on the theory of address 2.1.1 Gilman/Brown (1958), Brown/Gilman ( 1960) and Brown/Ford ( 1961 ) 14 2.1.2 Susan Ervin-Tripp ( 1972) 2.2 Criticism and modifications of the theory of address 2.2.1. Theory of address -a case of "Systemlinguistik"? 2.2.2 Forms of address characterizing the speaker 2.2.3 Reconsidering the concepts of address competence, address system, and address variety 2.2.4 Address systems with a tendency towards assimilation (echoing) 2.2.5 A reformulation of "rules" 2.2.6 Constellations with multiple options of address 2.2.7 Do variants of address constitute a single hierarchy (scale)? 2.2.8 Special functions of "V pronouns" 2.3 When polite forms are impolite, or what politeness actually is (F. Braun/K. Schubert) 2.3.1 The ambiguity of politeness Contents 2.3.1.1 Impolite use of politeness forms 2.3.1.2 Polite use of "non-polite" forms 2.3.1.3 The meanings of politeness 2.3.2 What makes a linguistic expression polite? 2.3.2.1 A classification of linguistic markers of politeness 2.3.2.2 Why do people use linguistic expressions of politeness? 2.3.2.3 Means of avoidance 2.3.2.4 A communicative explanation 2.3.2.5 The meaning of expressions of avoidance 2.3.2.6 What is new is polite 2.3.2.7 Polite forms wearing out 2.3.3 Politeness in contrast 2.4 Does the address system affect a speaker's perception of social relationships? 2.5 Conclusions Methodological considerations Contents xiii

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE brings to students, researchers and practitioners in all of the social and language-related sciences carefully selected book-length publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications.

It approaches the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches, theoretical and empirical, supplement and complement each other.

The series invites the attention of linguists, language teachers of all interests, sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, historians etc. to the development of the sociology of language.

The Contributions to the Sociology of Language series features publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It addresses the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches - theoretical and empirical - supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of scholars interested in language in society from a broad range of disciplines - anthropology, education, history, linguistics, political science, and sociology. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Natalie Fecher. Preface Contents 1. Introduction: The Kiel research project 2. Aspects of address theory 3. Methodological considerations 4. Two topics of address in interlingual perspective 5. Publications on forms of address References Supplement to Braun/Kohz/Schubert (1986): Bibliography, part II Index The terms presented below will subsequently be used as technical terms.