Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurial Innovations: Policies Across Continents (International Studies in Entrepreneurship Book 51)

Evidence suggests that economies with technology transfer initiatives provide a better supply of high-quality jobs and tend to be characterized by entrepreneurs with higher innovation contributions. This book explores the effectiveness of technology transfer policies and legislation on entrepreneurial innovation in a non-US context. It analyses the theoretical, empirical and managerial implications behind the success of technology transfer polices and legislations in stimulating entrepreneurial innovation; analyses which other contextual condition (e.g., culture) are necessary for successful implementation; and explores the extent and level of replication of US policies (e.g., Bayh-Dole Act, Small Business Innovation Research [SBIR] program) in other national and regional systems. In addition, this book looks at the effect technology transfer policies have on the adoption of open innovation and open science. Preface Acknowledgments About the Book Contents Contributors About the Editors Abbreviations List of Figures List of Tables Part I: Academic Tendencies References Chapter 1: Academic Tendencies in Policy Frameworks for Fostering Entrepreneurial Innovations 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Entrepreneurial Innovations and Policy Frameworks 1.2.1 Defining Entrepreneurial Innovations 1.2.2 Policy Frameworks 1.3 The Link Between Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Policy Frameworks On Published Research 1.4 Discussing a Research Agenda 1.5 Conclusions References Chapter 2: Leading Trends in Technology Transfer 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Methodology 2.3 Results 2.3.1 Evolution of Publications and the Citation Structure 2.3.2 The Evolution of Technology Transfer Frameworks 2.3.3 The Most Influential Technology Transfer Studies 2.3.4 Evolution of the Leading Trends in Technology Transfer 2.3.5 Technology Transfer, Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policies 2.4 Conclusions References Part II: Empirical Evidence in North America References Chapter 3: Technology Transfer at U.S. Federal Laboratories: R&D Disclosures Patent Applications 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Technology Transfer Mechanism 3.3 Empirical Model 3.4 Data and Descriptive Statistics 3.5 Data and Descriptive Statistics 3.6 Conclusions References Part III: Empirical Evidence in Latin America and the Caribbean References Chapter 4: Ambitious Entrepreneurship and Its Relationship with R&D Policy in Latin American Countries 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Theoretical Framework 4.2.1 The Role of R&D Transfer in Entrepreneurship 4.2.2 The Role of Government Intervention in Entrepreneurship 4.2.3 The Role of Innovation in Entrepreneurship 4.3 The Entrepreneurship Dynamics in Latin America Context 4.4 Methodology 4.4.1 Sample and Data Sources 4.4.2 Dependent Variable at the Individual Level: Innovative Ambitious Entrepreneurship 4.4.3 Country-Level Predictors 4.4.4 Individual-Level Controls 4.4.5 Data Analysis 4.5 Results 4.6 Conclusions References Chapter 5: Technology Transfer Policies and Entrepreneurial Innovations at Brazilian University-Industry Partnerships 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Technology Transfer Practices and Entrepreneurial Innovations within University-Industry Partnerships 5.3 Methodology 5.3.1 Data Collection 5.3.2 Data Analysis 5.4 Evolution of the University-University Technology Transfer Scene in Brazil 5.5 Results 5.5.1 Third Mission as a Strategic Goal 5.5.2 TTOs’ Missions, Structure, Activities, and Barriers 5.5.3 Patenting Activity 5.5.4 Academic and Student Entrepreneurship 5.6 Conclusions References Chapter 6: Technology Transfer Policy Framework in Chile 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Theoretical Framework 6.3 Methodology 6.3.1 Contextualization 6.3.2 Methodological Design 6.4 The Chilean Technology Transfer Policy Framework 6.4.1 The Evolution of Technology Transfer and Industrial Property Policies 6.4.2 The Agencies Related to Technology Transfer 6.4.3 Insights about the Effectiveness of Technology Transfer Frameworks 6.5 Conclusions References Part IV: Empirical Evidence in Europe Reference Chapter 7: Antecedents and Consequences of Innovation via R&D in Europe 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Theoretical Framework 7.3 Methodology 7.3.1 Data 7.3.2 Method 7.4 Results 7.5 Discussion and Conclusions 7.5.1 Discussion 7.5.2 Contributions to Theory 7.5.3 Contributions to Practice 7.5.4 Contributions to the Policy Debate on Entrepreneurial Innovation 7.5.5 Limitations and Avenues for Future Research References Chapter 8: How IPR Can Shape Knowledge Diffusion Processes in Europe 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Theoretical Framework 8.2.1 R&D Expenditures in the EU and Rest of the World 8.2.2 IPR and Its Effects on the Economy 8.2.3 Hypotheses Derivation 8.3 Methodology 8.3.1 Data and Sample 8.3.2 Dependent variable 8.3.3 Independent Variables 8.3.4 Control Variables 8.3.5 Methodology 8.4 Results 8.4.1 Descriptive Analysis 8.4.2 Multivariate Analysis 8.4.3 Robustness Checks 8.5 Conclusions 8.5.1 Implications 8.5.2 Conclusions References Chapter 9: Regional Innovation, Entrepreneurship and the Reform of the Professor’s Privilege in Germany 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Theoretical Framework 9.2.1 The Role of Entrepreneurial Universities 9.2.2 University Focused Technology Transfer Policies: Institutional and Absorptive Considerations 9.3 Conceptualization: The German Employees’ Inventions Act 9.4 Methodology 9.4.1 Data and Variables 9.4.2 Methodology and Estimation Techniques 9.5 Results and Discussion 9.6 Policy and Practice Implications 9.7 Conclusion References Part V: Empirical Evidence in Africa References Chapter 10: University Technology Transfer and Innovation: The Need for Policy in Egypt 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Theoretical Framework 10.3 Methodology 10.4 Results 10.4.1 First Phase: The Views of the Expert Panel 10.4.2 Second Phase: The Survey of Egyptian Science, Engineering and Technology Academics 10.4.3 Third Phase: Case Studies 10.4.4 Fourth Phase: View of Industry 10.5 Discussion and Implications 10.6 Conclusions References Part VI: Empirical Evidence in/post-Socialist Economies References Chapter 11: Socialism to Capitalism: Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship in the Republic of Croatia 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Theoretical Framework 11.3 University Technology Transfer in Socialism and the Position of Croatia in ex-Yugoslavia 11.4 Methodology 11.5 Results 11.5.1 First Phase of Transition: Policy Learning and Establishing Initial Infrastructures 11.5.2 Second Phase: The “Golden Age” of the Innovation-Driven Mode of UTT 11.5.3 Present State: Europeanization of Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship Policies 11.6 Discussion 11.7 Conclusions 11.7.1 Implications 11.7.2 Limitations and Future Research References Chapter 12: Evolution of Technology Transfer in Belarus: Two Parallel Dimensions in a Post-Soviet Country 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Antecedents 12.2.1 Soviet Science and Technology System 12.2.2 Post-soviet Science and Technology System 12.3 The Belarusian Technology Transfer Framework 12.3.1 Science and Technology Instruments 12.3.2 Intellectual Property Market 12.4 Co-existence of Two Parallel Economies in the Twenty-First Century 12.4.1 Technology Transfer in the ‘Traditional’ Economy 12.4.2 Technology Transfer in the ‘New Economy’ 12.5 Conclusions References Chapter 13: Technology Transfer Policy Framework at Cuban Universities 13.1 Introduction 13.2 The Configuration of Science and Technology Framework 13.2.1 Promotion of Science 13.2.2 Centralized Management 13.2.3 The Science, Technological and Innovation System 13.3 Technology Transfer Policy Framework at Cuban Universities 13.3.1 Legitimization of University Technology Transfer 13.3.2 The Future of the Technology Transfer Policy Framework 13.4 Conclusions References Correction to: technology transfer and entrepreneurial innovations policies across continents