Technology in Education. Innovative Practices for the New Normal: 6th International Conference on Technology in Education, ICTE 2023, Hong Kong, ... in Computer and Information Science)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Technology in Education. Innovations for Online Teaching and Learning, ICTE 2023, held in Hong Kong, China, during December 19–21, 2023. The 30 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 74 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: keynote papers; online and innovative learning; personalized and individualized learning; smart learning environment; artificial intelligence in education; and institutional strategies and practices. Preface Organization Contents Keynote Papers Reimagining Education Systems: How Research on Digital Learning Can Inform Pedagogical Practice 1 Introduction 2 Can Contemporary Models Lead Learning for Tomorrow? 3 Useful Lines of Inquiry―The Grand Challenge 4 How Research on Digital Learning Can Inform Pedagogical Practice 5 Useful Lines of Inquiry—What is Worth Investigating and How? 6 What Authors Ought to Know About Best Practices in Publishing References CiRA-Core: The Connector for Developer Teachers and User Teachers to Artificial Intelligence 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Literature Review 2 Data Collection and Research Methodology 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Recommendations References Technology-Enhanced Cybersecurity Education: A VPET Approach 1 Introduction 1.1 Cybersecurity – How Serious It is 1.2 Skill Shortage in Cybersecurity 1.3 Aim and Objectives 2 Cybersecurity Education 2.1 Some Previous Works 2.2 Challenges 2.3 Technology-Enhanced Learning for Cybersecurity 3 The VPET Approach 4 Cybersecurity Education at HKCT 4.1 Programme Design 4.2 Cyber Range Implementation 4.3 Designing Hands-On Exercises 4.4 Packaging Skill-Based Units into Micro-credentials 4.5 CR-Based Talent Cultivation 5 Conclusion References Online and Innovative Learning Using Network Analysis to Explore the Factors Influencing Students’ Online Learning Effectiveness 1 Introduction 2 Review of Factors Influencing Online Learning Effectiveness 2.1 The Dependent Variable 2.2 Information Literacy and Online Learning Effectiveness 2.3 Online Learning Presence and Online Learning Effectiveness 2.4 Online Learning Engagement and Online Learning Effectiveness 3 Method 3.1 Participants and Procedure 3.2 Instruments 3.3 Data Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Overall Analysis of Networks of Influential Factors 4.2 Network Comparison of High- and Low-Effectiveness Groups 5 Discussion and Conclusion 5.1 Overall Analysis of Networks of Influential Factors 5.2 Overall Analysis of Networks of Influential Factors 5.3 Implications 5.4 Limitations References Learning Image Processing Contents Through Game 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Methodology 3.1 System Overview Design and Development 3.2 Story and Quest Design 3.3 Scene Design and Character Controller 3.4 Game Development and Testing 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Student Satisfaction in External Online Course Provider: The Way Forward for WOU? 1 Introduction 1.1 Problem Statement 1.2 Research Objectives 2 Literature Review 2.1 Factors Influencing Student Satisfaction 2.2 Assessment of Course Content and Satisfaction 2.3 Synthesis and Research Gap 2.4 The Fundamental Theory 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Design 3.2 Sample Size and Participants 3.3 Data Collection 3.4 Research Instrument 3.5 Data Analysis Technique 4 Findings 5 Research Outcomes 5.1 Limitations and Future Directions 5.2 Conclusion References Construction and Innovative Application of MOOC for Large-Scale Improvement of Digital Teaching Literacy of Primary and Secondary School Teachers – Taking Guangdong Province of China as an Example 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 A Research Review on Digital Teaching Literacy of Primary and Secondary School Teachers 2.2 A Research Review on the Development and Innovative Application of MOOC 3 Research Process and Methods 4 Research Content 4.1 Connotation Elements of Digital Teaching Literacy 4.2 Construction of MOOC to Improve the Digital Teaching Literacy 4.3 MOOC Application for Improving Digital Teaching Literacy 5 Research Effect 5.1 Analysis of Learning Effects on Digital Teaching Literacy 5.2 Analysis of Application Level of Digital Teaching Literacy 6 Conclusion References Measuring Emotion in Education Using GSR and HR Data from Wearable Devices 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Emotion Recognition in Education 2.2 Emotional Measurement Methods 3 Methods 3.1 Participants 3.2 Emotion Recognition Tools 3.3 Experimental Procedure 4 Results 4.1 Single Remove 4.2 Double Compare 4.3 Three Analyze 4.4 Four Calibrate 5 Conclusions and Discussion References Effect of Instruction Intervention on MOOC Forum Discussion: Student Engagement and Interaction Characteristics 1 Introduction 1.1 Study on MOOC Forum Engagement 1.2 Study on MOOC Forum Interaction 1.3 Instruction Intervention in MOOC Forum Discussion 1.4 Current Study 2 Research Design 2.1 Research Questions 2.2 Participants 2.3 Research Instrument 2.4 Procedure 2.5 Data Collection and Analyses 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Analysis of Student Engagement in Online Discussion Forums 3.2 Analysis of the Community in Round 1 3.3 Analysis of the Community in Round 2 3.4 Instructors in the Two Communities 4 Conclusion and Implication 5 Future Research Directions References Personalized and Individualized Learning Emerging Techniques for Online Learning Analytics 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Importance of Online Learning Analytics in Education 2 Literature Review Using VOSviewer and CiteSpace 2.1 Data Collection 2.2 Visualisation of Analysis Using VOSviewer and CiteSpace 3 Emerging Techniques for Online Learning Analytics 3.1 Natural Language Processing 3.2 Multimodal Learning Analytics 4 Challenges and Future Directions 5 Conclusion References Prediction of At-Risk Students Using Learning Analytics: A Literature Review 1 Introduction 2 Related work 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Data Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Number of Publications 4.2 Areas of Prediction 4.3 Data Used for Prediction 4.4 Techniques Used for Prediction 4.5 Performance Metrics Used to Evaluate Predictions 5 Discussion and Conclusion References Towards the Design of a Personalized Vocabulary Learning System for University Graduates Based on Context Readability and Task Diversity 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Vocabulary Acquisition 2.2 Context Readability and Task Diversity 3 Method 3.1 Study Context 3.2 Participants 3.3 Design of the Personalized Vocabulary Learning System 3.4 Measure 3.5 Procedure 4 Results and Discussion 5 Concluding Remarks References Theoretical Framework of Personal Learning Environments: SPET Model 1 Introduction 2 The Concept of Personal Learning Environments (PLEs) 3 The Features of Learning in PLEs 4 Why does Higher Education need Personal Learning Environments? 5 The Society, Policy, Education, and Technology (SPET) Framework for PLEs 5.1 Society 5.2 Policy 5.3 Education 5.4 Technology 6 The Four Perspectives of PLEs Scales 7 Conclusion References Construction and Application of “AI + RPA + X” Intervention Field for College Students’ Learning Adaptation 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 The Present Situation of Intervention Field Research on College students’ Learning adaptation 2.2 The Present Situation of Construction and Application of Learning field Supported by RPA 3 Research Process and Methods 4 Construction of “AI + RPA + X” Intervention Field for College Students’ Learning Adaptation 4.1 Concept of Construction 4.2 Supporting Technology 4.3 Hierarchical Structure 4.4 Operating Mechanism 5 The Application of “AI + RPA + X” Intervention Field in College Students’ Learning adaptation 5.1 Design 5.2 Implement 6 The Effect of “AI + RPA + X” Intervention Field on College Students’ Learning Adaptation 6.1 The Index of Learning Adaptation 6.2 Learning Satisfaction 7 Conclusion References Smart Learning Environment Utilization of Digital Human Model in Design Education: A Design Students’ Learning Survey and Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Digital Human Model 2.2 CAD’s Impact on Design Education 2.3 Door Handle Assist Design During the Epidemic 3 Methods 3.1 Research Framework 3.2 Create a Process Combining DHM and Product Design 4 Survey and Analysis 4.1 Anthropometry for College Students and Build DHMs 4.2 The Survey of Design Students Apply and Learn the DHMs 5 Case Study 5.1 Apply DHM to Aid Door Handle Auxiliary Device Design 5.2 Simulations of New Product Usability Applying Virtual Reality 5.3 Apply Rough Prototypes for Design Experiment 5.4 Apply Experiment Prototypes With Angled 6 Discussion 6.1 DHM and Virtual Reality Could Assist in Product Design 6.2 Compare Virtual 3D Models and Physical Prototypes 6.3 The limitations of Applying the DHMs and VR in Product Design 6.4 The Suitable Product Types for Virtual Simulation 7 Conclusions References A Software for Learning Thai Fingerspelling Sign Language into Thai Consonants with Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Studies 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Program Development Concept 3.2 Training Phase of Program Development 3.3 Testing Phase of Program Development 3.4 Prediction Phase of Program Development 3.5 Graphic User Interface (GUI) Design 3.6 Software Usability Assessment 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References A Preliminary Study on Developing and Training the Smart Site Safety System (SSSS) for Construction Industry in Hong Kong 1 Introduction 2 Construction Industry in Hong Kong 3 Design of the SSSS 4 Process for Implementing the Smart Site Safety System 5 Essential Elements of Implementing the Smart Site Safety System 6 Methodology 7 Interviews Report in the Sharing Session 8 Discussion and Analysis 9 Recommendation and Future Work 10 Conclusions References A Review of Smart Education Practices Across Disciplines 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Research Method 4 Results 4.1 Overview of Publications 4.2 Subjects 4.3 Learning Modes 4.4 Techniques 4.5 Devices 5 Discussion and Conclusion References Study on the Influencing Factors of Primary School Students’ Self-regulated Learning in the Smart Classroom: An Environmental Perspective 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Framework 2.1 Psychological Perspective: Connected Classroom Climate 2.2 Emotional Perspective: Teacher Emotional Support 2.3 Physical Perspective: Facilitating Conditions 2.4 Research Model and Mediating Variables 3 Research Methods and Processes 3.1 Sample and the Smart Classroom Learning Environment 3.2 Instruments 3.3 Data Collection and Analysis 4 Data Statistics and Analysis 4.1 Overview of the Survey 4.2 Validity and Reliability Test 4.3 SEM Analysis 4.4 Mediation Analysis 5 Discussion and Conclusion References Artificial Intelligence in Education Integration of AI Learning into Higher Education: A Case of Using Microsoft Learn for Educators 1 Introduction 2 Relevant Studies 3 Background of This Study 4 Implementation into Teaching and Learning 4.1 Computer Graphics Courses for Employment Needs 4.2 Interdisciplinary AI Professional Course 4.3 Microsoft MSLE Courseware 4.4 Adaptation of Teaching 5 Conclusion References A Review of Data Augmentation and Data Generation Using Artificial Intelligence in Education 1 Introduction 2 Search Process 3 Analysis of Related Works 3.1 Characteristics 3.2 Top Ten Most Cited Articles 4 Open Challenges 5 Conclusion References The Role of ChatGPT in Higher Education: Some Reflections from Public Administration Students 1 Introduction 2 Data and Research Methods 3 Data and Research Methods 4 Conclusion References Automated Computational Intelligence Based Course Timetabling Tool 1 Introduction 2 Educational Course Timetabling 3 Automated Course Scheduling (ACOS) Tool 4 Experimental Results and Analysis 4.1 Hard Constraint Violations: ACOS Tool Versus Manual Approach 4.2 The Performances of the ACOS Tool 5 Conclusions References Exploring ChatGPT-Generated Assessment Scripts of Probability and Engineering Statistics from Bloom’s Taxonomy 1 Introduction 2 The Context of the Study 3 Result 4 Conclusion and Future Works References Institutional Strategies and Practices A Survey of Evaluation Approaches in STE(A)M Education 1 Introduction 2 Related Literature 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Data Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Number of Publications 4.2 Reported STE(A)M Education Research 4.3 Research Issues Addressed 4.4 Data Collection Approaches 4.5 Data Analysis Approaches 4.6 Educational Approaches 5 Discussion and Conclusion References Uncertainty-Based Metamorphic Testing for Validating Plagiarism Detection Systems 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Plagiarism Detection 2.2 Uncertainty 2.3 Metamorphic Testing (MT) 2.4 Proposed Approach 3 Methodology 3.1 Experiment Design 3.2 Experiment Implementation 4 Discussion 4.1 Zero Violation 4.2 Violation with MR1 and BERTCOS 4.3 Violation with MR1 and NNTFIDF 4.4 Violation with MR1 and NeuSBERT 4.5 Further Analysis 4.6 Validity 5 Conclusion References Measuring the Effect of Family Structure on High-School Students’ Stress and Enthusiasm for Learning Using Tourism-Related Questionnaire 1 Introduction 2 Data Collection and Research Methodology 2.1 Questionnaire Survey 2.2 Multicollinearity Test 2.3 Logistic Regression Model 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion Towards Education 4.0: A Holistic Approach for Performance Evaluation of German and Thai Universities 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 History of Education 4.0 2.2 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) 2.3 Application of DEA in Education Sector 3 Methodological Framework 4 Result 4.1 Development of Education 4.0 criteria 4.2 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) 4.3 DEA Model 4.4 Performance Evaluation 4.5 University Comparisons 5 Conclusion References Digital Technology for the Ageing Population: Perspectives from the Younger Generation 1 Introduction 2 Research Method and Setting 3 Results and Findings 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Exploring Student Profile Features and Their Impact on Learning Performance in Secondary School 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Relatedness Measurement with Learning Performance 3.2 Predictive Model for Student Learning Achievement 4 Experiment 4.1 Experimental Settings 4.2 Relatedness of Student Features in Math Course 4.3 Relatedness of Student Features in Language Course 4.4 Performance of Predictive Model for Learning Achievement 5 Conclusions References Author Index