Technology Gatekeepers for War and Peace: The British Ship Revolution and Japanese Industrialization (St Antony's Series)

The technological revolution in shipbuilding in the early twentieth century had a great impact on the military, industrial, commercial worlds. Matsumoto focuses on the relationship between this revolution and the structure and function of 'technology gatekeepers' during the transfer of marine science and technology from Britain to Japan. Cover......Page 1 Contents......Page 6 List of Figures and Tables......Page 9 Preface......Page 12 Acknowledgements......Page 14 List of Abbreviations......Page 16 1 Introduction: Problems and Approaches......Page 18 The scientific and technological revolution at the turn of the century......Page 19 The significance of the ship revolution......Page 22 General problems and models......Page 23 A changing Japan in a changing world......Page 24 The role of the Ministry of Engineering and the Engineering College in the formation of infrastructure and human resources......Page 26 Emerging professionalization: domestic professional societies......Page 29 A new gatekeeper model of science and technology transfer......Page 33 Dimensions of 'gatekeepers'......Page 35 A new composite model of industrialization......Page 36 Dimensions of 'composite'......Page 37 The composition of the book......Page 40 2 The Technology Gatekeepers: The Role of the Navy and Mitsubishi in the Ship Revolution......Page 43 The industrialization of Japan, the transfer of science and technology, and technology gatekeepers......Page 44 How large was the science and technology gap?......Page 45 The role of Mitsubishi Nagasaki Shipyard......Page 49 The role of the Imperial Japanese Navy......Page 58 Conclusion......Page 64 3 Technology Gatekeepers Combine: The Emergence of the Japanese Military-Industrial-University Complex......Page 67 The course of the transfer of marine steam turbine technology to Japan......Page 69 The Imperial Japanese Navy as a technology gatekeeper: a dual role......Page 71 The rationality of technology gatekeepers......Page 78 The role of Mitsubishi Nagasaki Shipyard......Page 80 Entrepreneurial risk-taking of technology gatekeepers......Page 85 How did technology gatekeepers combine? The emergence of the Japanese military-industrial-university complex......Page 91 Conclusion......Page 95 4 'Spin-on' and Latecomers' Advantages Reconsidered: British Development and Japanese Transfer in Social Context......Page 98 The social impact of the Turbinia......Page 100 From professionalization to R&D: C. A. Parsons and 'spin-on' in the development of the marine steam turbine......Page 104 The role of the Royal Navy: a de facto 'spin-off' story......Page 111 Development in the laissez-faire British state......Page 116 Science and technical practice in marine turbine technology......Page 118 The Japanese social context of 'spin-on' in transferring the scientific aspect of the marine turbine......Page 119 Industrial education within the company......Page 123 Invention within the organization......Page 125 The emergence of the Mitsubishi type and the process of de facto 'spin-off'......Page 128 Conclusion......Page 132 5 'Spin-off' in the Nationalization of R&D: The Recasting of the British System in an Industrializing Japan......Page 135 The British 'spin-off' process in the setting up of the National Physical Laboratory's experimental tank......Page 136 The Japanese 'spin-off' process in the setting up of the National Experimental Tank......Page 141 The social background underlying public R&D organizations: the INA and the Shipbuilding Association......Page 145 The implications of the nationalization of R&D in Britain and Japan......Page 153 Patterns of institutionalization......Page 157 Conclusion......Page 159 6 Conclusion: Beyond Success or Failure......Page 162 The structure and function of the ship revolution......Page 164 The wartime mobilization of science and technology and the military-industrial-university complex......Page 168 Success or failure?......Page 176 The development of the Kanpon turbine and its pitfalls......Page 177 Secrecy about the failure......Page 180 The Rinkicho failure and the outbreak of war with the US and Britain: how did Japan deal with the problem?......Page 184 Conclusion: beyond success or failure......Page 189 Appendix......Page 193 Notes......Page 197 Select Bibliography......Page 238 G......Page 254 M......Page 255 R......Page 256 W......Page 257 Z......Page 258 E......Page 259 I......Page 260 M......Page 261 N......Page 262 S......Page 263 T......Page 264 Z......Page 265 The scientific and technological revolution in shipbuilding in the early twentieth century had a great impact on both the military and the industrial/commercial world. Miwao Matsumoto focuses on the relationship between this revolution and the structure and function of 'technology gatekeepers' during the process of transfer of marine science and technology from Britain to Japan in this period. His analysis is undertaken in light of a new 'composite model' of Japanese industrialization, which reveals more profound and subtle sociological implications than 'success or failure' type accounts of industrialization usually suggest. In addition to the technology-based data there are some fascinating comparisons of Britain's and Japan's development and application of technology and the differing institutional frameworks that prevailed