Technical Aerodynamics

COVER TITLE COPYRIGHT PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1:1. TYPES OF AIRCRAFT 1:2. TYPES OF AIRPLANES 1:3. TYPES OF HELICOPTERS 1:4. TYPES OF MISSILES 1:5. PERFORMANCE OF AIRCRAFT 1:6. CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT 1:7. CONSTRUCTION OF PRINCIPAL PARTS OF AIRCRAFT REVIEW QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 2. FLUID STATICS AND NON-FLOW THERMODYNAMICS 2:1. PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS AND GASES: DENSITY, VISCOSITY, CONDUCTIVITY, AND COMPRESSIBILITY 2:2. STATICS OF LIQUIDS: MANOMETERS , BAROMETERS 2:3. STATICS OF GASES: PERFECT GAS LAWS 2:4. SPEED OF SOUND IN AIR 2:5. MOIST AIR 2:6. VARIATION OF AIR WITH ALTITUDE: STANDARD AIR 2:7. PRESSURE AND DENSITY ALTITUDES: USE OF AIR CHART PROBLEMS CHAPTER 3. FLUID DYNAMICS AND THERMODYNAMICS OF FLOW 3:1. REALMS OF FLUID FLOW 3:2. STEADY-FLOW CONTINUITY EQUATION 3:3. STEADY-FLOW ENERGY EQUATION 3:4. STEADY-FLOW MOMENTUM EQUATION 3:5. APPLICATION OF STEADY-FLOW EQUATIONS CHAPTER 4. FRICTIONLESS INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW 4:1. BERNOULLI EQUATION: FLOW IN PIPES AND DUCTS AND BETWEEN STREAMLINES 4:2. MOMENTUM EQUATION: FORCES EXERTED BY JETS 4:3. TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW PATTERNS IN PERFECT FLUIDS 4:4. BODY PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION: PITOT TUBES PROBLEMS CHAPTER 5. FRICTIONLESS COMPRESSIBLE FLOW 5:1. RANGES OF COMPRESSIBLE FLOW: SUBSONIC, TRANSONIC, SUPERSONIC 5:2. ONE -DIMENSIONAL SUBSONIC COMPRESSIBLE FLOW 5:3. NORMAL SHOCK WAVES 5:4. TWO-DIMENSIONAL AND AXI -SYMMETRIC SUPERSONIC FLOW PROBLEMS CHAPTER 6. INCOMPRESSIBLE BOUNDARY- LAYER FLOW 6:1. BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOW 6:2. LAMINAR INCOMPRESSIBLE BOUNDARY LAYER 6:3. TURBULENT INCOMPRESSIBLE BOUNDARY LAYER 6:4. TRANSITION OF INCOMPRESSIBLE BOUNDARY LAYERS 6:5. SKIN FRICTION IN PIPES AND DUCTS 6:6. SEPARATION OF INCOMPRESSIBLE BOUNDARY LAYERS 6:7. INCOMPRESSIBLE BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOW AROUND A CYLINDER 6:8. INCOMPRESSIBLE BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOW AROUND A SPHERE PROBLEMS CHAPTER 7. COMPRESSIBLE AND HEAT- CONDUCTING BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOW 7:1. BOUNDARY-LAYER TEMPERATURE NEAR A SURFACE: RECOVERY FACTOR . 7:2. HEAT TRANSFER AND SKIN FRICTION 7:3. LAMINAR COMPRESSIBLE BOUNDARY LAYER 7:4. TURBULENT COMPRESSIBLE BOUNDARY LAYER 7:5. TRANSITION OF COMPRESSIBLE BOUNDARY LAYERS FROM LAMINAR TO TURBULENT 7:6. COMPRESSIBLE FLOW AROUND SPHERES AND CYLINDERS PROBLEMS CHAPTER 8. AERODYNAMIC TEST FACILITIES 8:1. FLIGHT TESTS 8:2. MOVING MODEL TESTS 8:3. WIND TUNNEL TYPES 8:4. TRANSONIC AND SUPERSONIC WIND TUNNELS 8:5. WIND TUNNEL BALANCES FOR FORCE TESTS 8:6. OTHER WIND TUNNEL TEST EQUIPMENT CHAPTER 9. AIRFOILS AND ASPECT RATIO EFFECTS AT LOW SPEEDS 9:1. FORCES ON AIRFOILS; AIRFOIL COEFFICIENTS 9:2. STRAIGHT-LINE PLOTTING OF LOW SPEED AIRFOIL TEST DATA 9:3. MOMENTUM THEORY OF AIRFOILS 9:4. CIRCULATION THEORY OF AIRFOILS 9:5. ASPECT-RATIO CORRECTIONS 9:6. GROUND EFFECT; TUNNEL -WALL CORRECTIONS 9:7. EFFECTS OF CHORDWISE SLOT IN WINGS; INTERACTION OF TWO AIRPLANES FLYING SIDE BY SIDE CHAPTER 10. AIRFOIL COMPRESSIBILITY EFFECTS 10:1. TWO-DIMENSIONAL AIRFOILS: SUBSONIC COMPRESSIBILITY EFFECTS 10:2. FINITE WINGS: SUBSONIC COMPRESSIBILITY EFFECTS 10:3. TRANSONIC COMPRESSIBILITY EFFECTS 10:4. SUPERSONIC WING CHARACTERISTICS PROBLEMS CHAPTER 11. AIRFOIL VISCOSITY EFFECTS 11:1. LOW-SPEED SCALE EFFECTS, WING SECTIONS 11:2. COMBINED HIGH SPEED AND SCALE EFFECTS, WING SECTIONS 11:3. SCALE EFFECTS ON FINITE WINGS 11:4. SPANWISE LOAD DISTRIBUTION 11:5. FLIGHT BOUNDARIES PROBLEMS CHAPTER 12. HIGH-LIFT DEVICES 12:1. NEED FOR HIGH-LIFT DEVICES 12:2. TRAILING EDGE FLAPS 12:3. LEADING EDGE SLATS AND SLOTS 12:4. BOUNDARY -LAYER CONTROL PROBLEMS CHAPTER 13. AIRFOIL SELECTION 13:1. SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATIONS AND NUMBERING SYSTEMS 13:2. THE NACA 4-DIGIT GEOMETRIC SYSTEM 13:3. THE NACA 5 -DIGIT GEOMETRIC SYSTEM 13:4. THE NACA 1-SERIES AIRFOILS 13:5. THE NACA 6 -SERIES AIRFOILS 13:6. OTHER NACA SERIES 13:7. EFFECTS OF AIRFOIL GEOMETRY ON LOW-SPEED AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 13:8. APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENCE OF MISCELLANEOUS AND NACA SERIES AIRFOILS 13:9. AERODYNAMIC AND STRUCTURAL COMPROMISES 13:10. AIRFOIL SELECTION CRITERIA FOR SUBSONIC AIRPLANES 13:11. AIRFOIL SELECTION CRITERIA FOR SUPERSONIC MISSILES PROBLEMS CHAPTER 14. DRAG ESTIMATES AND POWER CALCULATIONS 14:1. METHODS OF ESTIMATING DRAG 14:2. DRAG OF INFINITE CYLINDERS, INCLUDING WINGS 14:3. STREAMLINE BODIES: SUBSONIC 14:4. MISSILE BODIES: SUPERSONIC 14:5. NACELLE-WING COMBINATIONS 14:6. FUSELAGES ; COCKPIT ENCLOSURES 14:7. EXPOSED LANDING GEARS AND OTHER PROTUBERANCES 14:8. DRAG ESTIMATE FOR COMPLETE AIRPLANE 14:9. THRUST AND POWER REQUIRED FOR AIRPLANES IN LEVEL FLIGHT 14:10. GENERAL CHARTS OF THRUST AND POWER REQUIRED FOR LOW-SPEED AIRPLANES 14:11. DRAG ESTIMATES FOR SUPERSONIC VEHICLES PROBLEMS CHAPTER 15. AERONAUTICAL POWER PLANTS 15:1. POWER PLANT TYPES 15:2. PISTON ENGINES 15:3. SEA -LEVEL SUPERCHARGERS 15:4. SUPERCHARGED ENGINES 15:5. TURBOPROPS 15:6. TURBOJETS 15:7. RAMJETS 15:8. ROCKETS 15:9. NUCLEAR PROPULSION PROBLEMS CHAPTER 16. AIRPLANE PROPELLERS 16:1. PROPELLER CONSTRUCTION AND GEOMETRY 16:2. MOMENTUM THEORY OF PROPELLERS 16:3. SIMPLE BLADE -ELEMENT THEORY OF PROPELLERS 16:4. PROPELLER COEFFICIENTS AND PLOTTING OF DATA 16:5. PROPELLER PROBLEM TYPES AND METHODS OF SOLUTION 16:6. CORRECTION FACTORS FOR PROPELLER CHARACTERISTICS 16:7. STATIC THRUST:SLOW VENICLES AND VERTICAL TAKE-OFF AIRPLANES 16:8. DETAIL-DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS PROBLEMS CHAPTER 17. HELICOPTER PERFORMANCE 17:1. DEVELOPMENT OF THE HELICOPTER 17:2. LIMITATIONS OF HELICOPTER THEORY 17:3. HOVERING PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 17:4. SPEED LIMITATIONS 17:5. POWER REQUIRED FOR LEVEL FLIGHT 17:6. HIGH SPEED AND MAXIMUM CLIMB CHARTS 17:7. AUTOROTATIVE DESCENT OF HELICOPTERS PROBLEMS CHAPTER 18. AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE 18:1. SPEED AND CLIMB OF PROPELLER -DRIVEN AIRPLANES 18:2. CEILINGS OF PROPELLER-DRIVEN AIRPLANES 18:3. PERFORMANCE OF PROPELLER- DRIVEN AIRPLANES 18:4. PERFORMANCE OF TURBOJET PROPELLED AIRPLANES 18:5. CRUISING RANGE AND ENDURANCE 18:6. TAKE -OFF CALCULATIONS 18:7. LANDING DISTANCE CALCULATIONS 18:8. GLIDINGAND DIVING 18:9. LEVEL AND GLIDING TURNS PROBLEMS CHAPTER 19. CONVERTIPLANES 19:1. TYPES OF CONVERTIPLANES 19:2. ROTATABLE -PROPELLER-AXIS AIRPLANES 19:3. UNLOADED ROTOR HELICOPTERS 19:4. OUTLOOK FOR CONVERTI PLANES . PROBLEMS CHAPTER 20. MISSILE PERFORMANCE 20:1. OUTLOOK FOR MISSILES 20:2. PERFORMANCE OF SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT. CHAPTER 21. STABILITY AND CONTROL 21:1. STABILITY AND CONTROL CONCEPTS 21:2. AXES , ANGLES , AND COEFFICIENTS 21:3. STATIC LONGITUDINAL STABILITY 21:4. STATIC DIRECTIONAL STABILITY 21:5. LATERAL STABILITY 21:6. CONTROL SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS 21:7. CONTROL AT HIGH SPEED PROBLEMS APPENDIX 1. NOTATION, ABBREVIATIONS, AND CONVERSION FACTORS APPENDIX 2. PROPERTIES OF SOME LIQUIDS AND GASES APPENDIX 3. PROPERTIES OF AIR APPENDIX 4. COMPRESSIBLE FLOW CHARTS APPENDIX 5. WING AND TAIL SURFACE DATA APPENDIX 6. PARASITE DRAG DATA APPENDIX 7. POWER PLANT AND PROPELLER DATA APPENDIX 8. AIRCRAFT DATA ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS INDEX