Teaching and Research in the Knowledge-Based Society: Historical and Comparative Perspectives (The Changing Academy – The Changing Academic Profession in International Comparative Perspective, 23)

This book addresses common themes relating to the teaching and research nexus in the knowledge-based society through historical, comparative and empirical perspectives. It analyzes traditions of academic systems and national initiatives, and other factors affecting the main characteristics of the teaching and research nexus in eleven case countries from Asia, Europe, North America and South America. The book identifies key challenges of the academy, and trends in relation to the teaching and research nexus. The focus of case countries is on the attitudes and activities of the academy, as reported in the international comparative survey "The Academic Profession in the Knowledge-Based Society" (BAPIKS) in 2017-18. The data compared with previous international comparative survey "The Changing Academic Profession" (BCAP) in 2007-08 in most chapters to make time series changes. The book discusses the teaching and research nexus in the case countries similar to and different from those of reference countries drawing on findings from the international databanks of the two international comparative surveys and previous research Contents Chapter 1: Introduction: Some Considerations into the Teaching-Research Nexus Changes in Academics’ Teaching and Research Relevant Studies The Background and Organization of This Volume References Chapter 2: The Argentine Academic Profession: Conditioning Factors in the Relationship Between Teaching and Research Introduction The Relationship Between Teaching and Research in the Argentine University System Hypothesis: Incidental Factors in the Relationship Between Teaching and Research Data and Methodology Results Analysis Conclusions and Discussion References Chapter 3: Canadian Universities and Incentives for Teaching or Research: Institutional Oversight and Supports Teaching and Research in a Global Context Higher Education in Canada The Teaching-Research Nexus and Canadian Higher Education Methods Findings Teaching and Research: Change Between 2007 and 2018 Post Hoc Student’s T-Tests Research and Teaching by Institutional Type Summary of Findings Discussion International Comparison Conclusion References Chapter 4: Metrical Valorization of Performance (MeVoP): The Funding-Induced Vertical Stratification and the Construction of Post-Humboldtian Research-Teaching Nexus in German Higher Education Institutions Introduction Funding-Induced Vertical Stratification and the Dissolution of the Research-Teaching Nexus in Germany Data and Methods Data Methods and Variables Results Shifts in the Balance of Research and Teaching in Germany (Analytical Frame 1, Fig. 4.2) A Funding-Induced Move to the Post-Humboldtian Model (Analytical Frame 2, Fig. 4.2)? Funding-Induced Differentiation on the Individual Level (H2) Funding-Induced Differentiation on the Organizational Level (H3) Discussion of Results and Conclusions References Chapter 5: The Teaching and Research Nexus in Japan: A Historical and Comparative Perspective Introduction Efforts of Shaping Teaching and Research Strategically: The Case of Japan Changes in Viewing and Handling Teaching and Research Strategically: The Issues Raised in Comparative Research Projects The Purpose and the Design of the Subsequent Analysis Ambivalent Changes of Research Activities Somewhat Declining Emphasis Placed on Teaching Tensions Relating to Teaching-Research Nexus Characteristics of Teaching and Research in Japan as Indicated Through a Comparison with a Conceptual “Neighbor” Concluding Observations References Chapter 6: Teaching and Research in the Knowledge Society: Exploring Academics’ Trade-Offs Through National Comparative Perspectives Introduction Knowledge Society/Economy: The Division of Academic Labour and Research Productivity Methodology Data Analysis and Discussion Conclusions References Chapter 7: Teaching and Research in Malaysian Higher Education: Does a Nexus Really Exist? Introduction Higher Education in Malaysia The Evolution of Teaching and Research in Malaysia Purpose and Research Questions Instrumentation and Sampling Findings TRN by Academic Rank Perceptions of TRN by Gender TRN by Type of HEI Comparisons with Emerging Systems in the Region Discussion Conclusion and Policy Implication Appendix: T-Test Analyses by Rank, Gender and Institution Types References Chapter 8: The Teaching-Research Nexus in the Lithuanian Higher Education Compared to Other European Higher Education Systems Introduction Teaching and Research in Universities Teaching and Research in Lithuania: Historical Developments Since the 1990s Theoretical Considerations Methodology Case Selection and Sample Operationalisation and Data Analysis Findings Distribution of Teaching and Research in the Lithuanian Higher Education System Distribution of Teaching and Research in a Cross-Country Comparison Gender and the Teaching-Research Nexus Academic Rank and the Teaching-Research Nexus Discussion and Conclusion References Chapter 9: The Teaching-Research Nexus of the Academic Profession in Finland, Estonia and Sweden Introduction Data and Methods Development of Research and Teaching in Finnish Higher Education Comparing Teaching and Research in Three Reference Countries Conclusions References Chapter 10: Exploring the Changes in the Teaching and Research Nexus in Korean Academics Between 1992 and 2018 Introduction National Initiatives for Teaching and Research in South Korea University Mission and Academic Role in Teaching and Research Data and Analytical Strategy Findings Changes in the Teaching and Research Nexus in Korea Comparison of Countries on Changes in the Teaching and Research Nexus Discussion and Conclusion References Chapter 11: Reconsidering the Role of Research in Teaching-Oriented Higher Education System: The Case of Russia Reconsidering the Role of Research in Teaching-Oriented Higher Education System: The Case of Russia Russian Higher Education: Brief Overview of the System Faculty in Russian Universities Grant Mechanisms for the Science Support Training Future Academics Some Reflections and Future Trends References Chapter 12: Teaching and Research Nexus in the Turkish Higher Education System: Comparative Perspectives with Eastern and Western Examples Introduction Analytical Considerations Case Selection Approach Method Data Sources and Sampling Data Analysis Findings Discussion References Chapter 13: Conclusion: What We Know About the Teaching-Research Nexus in the Knowledge-Based Society Do Empirical Findings Challenge Our Views? Traditions: Common Ideas and Varied Thrusts A Global Challenge of the Teaching-Research Nexus Methodological Opportunities and Drawbacks of a Comparative Research Project Teaching and Research in Academics’ Views and Activities: The Major Findings Expectations and Pressures Preferences for Teaching, Research, and Teaching-Research Linkages Time Spent on Teaching and Research Academic Productivity The Nexus A Mix of Expected and Surprising Findings: The Results of Complex Analyses