تائو-کلارجتی: مقالات تاریخی و فرهنگی = تائو-کلارجتی = تائو-کلارچتی

Tao-Klarjeti,asa geographicalname, appearedinthe scholarly literaturefrom the second halfofthe191hcentury. It appliestotheterritoryofthehistorical provinces called at different times: Meskheti, Upper (Zema) Kartliand Samtskhe-Saatabago; todaythemajor partofthe historical MeskhetithatisnowinTurkey.The Greek geographer Strabo (64/63BC-AD23/24)isthe firsttomention"the Moschian country"(Moschike)orMeskheti. The Roman natural philos-opher Pliny the Elder (23-79AD)mentions"thelandofMoskhs"; Byzantinescholarsofthe101h-llthcenturies also mention "Meskhia",i.e.Meskheti.Georgian chroniclers preferred thetermUpper Kartli, although they stillreferredtothe inhabitantsofthe regionasMeskhi .Inthe141hcentury theJaqeli family, the rulersofMeskheti, receivedthehereditarytitleofAtabeg,consequently the nameofthe region under the ruleofthe princely familyofJaqeli acquired the name Samtskhe-Saatabago,orsimply Samtskhe, afterthe nameofthe principal provinceofthe region. This historical-geographi-caltoponym wasinuseuntil the early191hcentury. Cover Contents Foreword Introduction A historical and geographical overview History Early state formations on the territory of Tao-Klarjeti Tao-Klarjeti in the Ancient period Tao-Klarjeti in the early Middle Ages 4th-8th cc The Kingdom of Georgians 9th-10th cc Tao-Klarjeti in the period of the united Kingdom of Georgia 10th-13th cc David III Kouropalates Bagrat III and Tao-Klarjeti Conflict between George I and Byzantium for Meskheti South Georgia during the reign of Bagrat IV “Great Turkish raids” David IV the Builder. The exemption of Georgia from the Seljuk Turks Tao-Klarjeti in the 12th century Battle of Basiani Founding the Empire of Trebizond The administrative organization of Meskheti. Feudal dynasties Mongol invasions and annexation of South Georgia David VII Ulu and Sargis Jakeli. Establishment of the principality of Samtskhe-Saatabago The Principality of Samtskhe-Saatabago 13th-16th cc The principality of Meskheti under Sargis I and Beka I Return of Samtskhe-Saatabago to the Georgian realm during the reign of George the Illustrious Samtskhe-Saatabago within the Georgian realm in the 14th-15th centuries The separation of Samtskhe-Saatabago from the kingdom of Georgia The Samtskhe-Saatabago Principality in the first third of the 16th century Meskheti as a part of the Kingdom of Imereti Samtskhe-Saatabago in the 1540s to 1570s The Pashalik of Akhaltsikhe 16th-19th cc Meskheti in the 1560-90s. Manuchar II’s fight against the Ottomans The Ottoman-Persian war and South Georgia (1630s) The Gurjistan Vilayet during the governance of Sapar Pasha Akhaltsikhe Pashalik in the second half of the 17th century The Gurjistan Vilayet and Georgian political entities in the first half of the 18th century The Akhaltsikhe Pashalik in the second half of the 18th century. The struggle of Erekle II and Solomon I for Meskheti Gurjistavi Vilayet in the first quarter of the 19th century. The Russian-Turkish war in 1806-1812 and South Georgia The land ownership affairs of the Akhaltsikhe Pashalik. “The Great Register of the Gurjistan Vilayet” The administrative government of the Akhaltsikhe Pashalik The population: the ethnic, religious and cultural situation Towns in the “Ottoman Georgia” Trade and craftmanship The Russian-Ottoman conflict and Tao-Klarjeti 1828-1918 The Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829 Crimean War The Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 World War I Tao-Klarjeti in the period of the Democratic Republic of Georgia 1918-1921 Meskheti in 1918 The struggle of the Democratic Republic of Georgia for Meskheti, against the “State of the Southwest Caucasus” in 1919 An important part of Southern Georgia handed to the Turkish state Tao-Klarjeti in the modern period The economy Culture Culture Church architecture Façade décor and sculpture Georgian inscriptions in Tao-Klarjeti Lapidary inscriptions Painted inscriptions Graffiti, scratched inscriptions Engraved inscriptions Embroidered inscriptions Recent finds and prospects Murals Ecclesiastical antiquities from Tao-Klarjeti The literary scool of Tao-Klarjeti The canonization of the Georgian editions of the biblical books Tendencies of educational policy Literary works Traditional ways of life Traditional ways of life among Georgians in Tao-Klarjeti Ethnic Georgians in present-day Tao-Klarjeti Klarjeti Shavsheti Tao Achara The Georgian language Georgian dialects in Tao-Klarjeti Personal names Geographical names The hdyronymy of Tao-Klarjeti Plant names in toponymy Toponyms of anthroponymic origin Christian lexis in toponymy Zanisms in Tao-Klarjetian tponymy Toponyms of Turkish origin The morphological composition of toponyms Appendices Populated places in modern Tao-Klarjeti Bibliography