T Cell Activation by CD1 and Lipid Antigens (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology Book 314)

For decades, T cells were thought to solely respond to protein-derived antigens. However, the discovery of the CD1 antigen presenting system shows how antigen presenting cells can display lipid antigens to T cells. Crystal structures show that CD1 proteins accomplish this function by inserting lipids into a hydrophobic groove on the distal surface of the protein, forming CD1-lipid complexes that act as ligands for T cell receptors. CD1-reactive T cells with conserved (NK T cells) or diverse T cell receptors possess cytokine secretion and other effector mechanisms that influence many aspects of immune response. There is increasing evidence that the CD1 system has been conserved throughout mammalian evolution and is capable of presenting structurally diverse diacyglycerol, sphingolipid, polyisoprenol and lipopeptide antigens. These features of CD1 antigen presentation systems now point to a new and expanded view of the natural function of ab T cells, which involves surveillance of both the protein and lipid components of target cells. Further, cellular systems that were previously considered to have functions in lipid metabolism can now be studied in context of their immunological functions. This volume provides a comprehensive discussion of these basic aspects of CD1 biology and summarizes the most recent research into the role of CD1 in infectious, autoimmune, allergic and neoplastic disease. Evolutionary Biology Of Cd1 / C. Dascher -- Architecture Of Cd1 Proteins / D. Zajonc And I. Wilson -- Structure And Biology Of Self Lipid Antigens / G. Libero And L. Mori -- Structures And Functions Of Microbial Lipid Antigens Presented By Cd1 / B. Willcox [and Others] -- Cd1 Expression On Antigen-presenting Cells / S. Dougan [and Others] -- Pathways Of Cd1 And Lipid Antigen Delivery, Trafficking, Processing, Loading, And Presentation / M. Sugita [and Others] -- Tcr-mediated Recognition Of Glycolipid Cd1 Complexes / B. Sullivan And M. Kronenberg -- Development And Selection Of V[alpha]14i Nkt Cells / H. Macdonald And M. Mycko -- Cd1-restricted T Cells In Host Defense To Infectious Diseases / S. Behar And S. Porcelli -- Nkt Cells And Autoimmune Diseases: Unraveling The Complexity / S. Miyake And T. Yamamura -- Inkt Cells In Allergic Disease / E. Meyer [and Others] -- Cd1-restricted T Cells And Tumor Immunity / J. Swann [and Others] -- Harnessing Nkt Cells For Therapeutic Applications / V. Cerundolo And M. Salio. D.b. Moody (ed.). Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages I-VII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Evolutionary Biology of CD1....Pages 3-26 Architecture of CD1 Proteins....Pages 27-50 Structure and Biology of Self Lipid Antigens....Pages 51-72 Structures and Functions of Microbial Lipid Antigens Presented by CD1....Pages 73-110 Front Matter....Pages 111-111 CD1 Expression on Antigen-Presenting Cells....Pages 113-141 Pathways of CD1 and Lipid Antigen Delivery, Trafficking, Processing, Loading, and Presentation....Pages 143-164 TCR-Mediated Recognition of Glycolipid CD1 Complexes....Pages 165-193 Development and Selection of V α 14i NKT Cells....Pages 195-212 Front Matter....Pages 213-213 CD1-Restricted T Cells in Host Defense to Infectious Diseases....Pages 215-250 NKT Cells and Autoimmune Diseases: Unraveling the Complexity....Pages 251-267 i NKT Cells in Allergic Disease....Pages 269-291 CD1-Restricted T Cells and Tumor Immunity....Pages 293-323 Harnessing NKT Cells for Therapeutic Applications....Pages 325-340 Back Matter....Pages 341-348