Szarbia, stanowisko 7, gm. Koniusza: Osady i cmentarzyska od okresu neolitu po okres wpływów rzymskich = Szarbia, Site 7, Commune Koniusza: Settlements and Cemeteries from the Neolithic to the Roman Period

Translation: Piotr Godlewski. Site 7 at Szarbia, Comm. Koniusza, Dist. Proszowice, Małopolskie Province lies within the Proszowice Plateau, which is part of the Nida Basin. The site was discovered by J. Górski and M. Zając in 1994 during regular surface surveys carried out within the Polish Archaeological Record programme (AZP 101-59/66). The site was surveyed once again the same year, and the finds were precisely mapped (J. Górski, R. Naglik, M. Zając from the Archaeological Museum in Kraków and Kraków Saltworks Museum Wieliczka). The survey identified several concentrations of pottery and charred bones, along with accompanying metal artefacts. This allowed for determining the boundaries of the part of an Early Roman period cemetery that was most endangered by ploughing and erosion. In 1997, R. Naglik launched rescue excavations (continued in 1999-2001). The earliest materials on the site are associated with the Linear Band Pottery culture, represented by merely a dozen or so artefacts. Traces left by the Malice, Funnel Beaker, and Corded Ware cultures are equally sparse. The largest assemblages, accompanied by a range of pits (of trapezium-shaped and rectangular profiles) link with two cultural units – the Eneolithic Wyciąże group and the Mierzanowice culture from the Early Bronze Age (Fig. 8). Cremation burials of the Wyciąże group discovered in the vicinity of the settlement mark the first known cemetery assigned to this cultural unit. Human skeletons were discovered in two Wyciąże group settlement pits as well. In addition, one inhumation grave linked with the Mierzanowice culture, and one with the Funnel Beaker culture were explored. Only two settlement pits are connected with the Trzciniec culture. The youngest phase of occupation is marked by the Early Roman period cemetery, dated to a period spanning from phase B1a/B1b to the close of B2. A possible continuation of the cemetery into the later period is suggested by wheel-made pottery found on the surface. Among the discovered sepulchral features are cremations in pits, groove features with cremations dug into them, ustrina, and two barrows, of which only one has been fully explored. 1. Szarbia, stan. 7, gm. Koniusza. Uwagi wprowadzające 9 1. Szarbia, site 7, Comm. Koniusza. Introductory remarks 13 2. Szarbia, stan. 7, gm. Koniusza. Groby i osady od okresu neolitu do wczesnej epoki brązu 23 2. Szarbia, site 7, Comm. Koniusza. Graves and settlements from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age 25 3. Szarbia, stan. 7, gm. Koniusza. Materiały krzemienne i kamienne od okresu neolitu do wczesnej epoki brązu 133 3. Szarbia, site. 7, Comm. Koniusza. Flint and stone materials from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age 139 4. Szarbia, stan. 7, gm. Koniusza. Wyroby z kości, rogu i muszli 181 4. Szarbia, site 7, Comm. Koniusza. Objects from bone, antler, and shell 187 5. Szarbia, stan. 7, gm. Koniusza. Cmentarzysko kultury przeworskiej 201 6. Szarbia, stan. 7, gm. Koniusza. Analizy antropologiczne szczątków kostnych 317 6. Szarbia, site 7, Comm. Koniusza. Anthropological analyses of bone remains 323 8. Szarbia, stan. 7, gm. Koniusza. Wyniki analizy archeozoologicznej zwierzęcych szczątków kostnych 345 8. Szarbia, site 7, Comm. Koniusza. Results of archaeozoological analysis of animal bone remains 367 9. Szarbia, stan. 7, gm. Koniusza. Wyniki analizy materiałów archeobotanicznych 383 9. Szarbia, site 7, Comm. Koniusza. Results of the analysis of archaeobotanical materials 397 10. Szarbia, stan. 7, gm. Koniusza. Badania archeometryczne materiałów archeologicznych 403 10. Szarbia, site 7, Comm. Koniusza. Archaeometric analysis of archaeological materials 409 The subject of this multi-faceted publication, published as the 10th volume of the series "Biblioteka Muzeum Archeologicznego w Krakowie”, are the materials from the Neolithic flint mine in Bębło, Cracow District, from the research of A. Jura (1935-1936), as well as S. Kowalski and J.K. Kozłowski (1954), currently stored at the Cracow Archaeological Museum. Thorough, dynamic technological classification of the flint material (by E. Trela-Kieferling), occupying a substantial part of the volume, is accompanied by texts devoted to research on the context of the Jurassic flint open mine in Bębło, as well as specialist analyses of flint materials. These include magnetic and electrical resistivity tomography (M.M. Przybyła, M. Podsiadło, P. Gruba), analysis of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data (M. Kasiński), traseological analysis (K. Pyżewicz) and the application of the refitting method (J. Zakrzeńska). The concluding chapter (E. Trela-Kieferling) is accompanied by visualisations of the mine from the times of its functioning in the Middle Neolithic, the time of the Lengyel culture. The nature, function and relative chronology of site 4 in Bębło are crucial to the analysis of flint mining and reduction techniques in southern Poland in the middle phase of this culture