System-Ergonomic Design of Cognitive Automation: Dual-Mode Cognitive Design of Vehicle Guidance and Control Work Systems (Studies in Computational Intelligence (235))

Why this book? Simply because it is due. Cognitive automation and its system-ergonomic introduction into work systems have been advanced in the meantime to such a degree that already applications for operational work systems are slowly becoming reality. This book shall contribute to give system designers some more guidelines about designing work systems and associated cognitive machines effectively, in particular those related to guidance and control of manned and unmanned vehicles. The issue is that the findings on cognition have to become sufficient commonsense for all from the various disciplines involved in system design, and that guidelines are given how to make use of it in an appropriate and systematic manner. These guidelines are to account for both the needs of the human operator in the work process and the use of computational potentials to make the work system a really most effective one. In other words, this book is meant to provide guidelines for the organisational andtechnical design of work systems. Therefore, this book is an interdisciplinary one. Findings in individual disciplines are not the main issue. It is rather the combination of these findings for the sake of the performance of work systems which makes this book a useful one for designers who are interested in this modern approach and its implementation. Title Page Acknowledgements Contents Motivation and Purpose of This Book Introductory Survey on Operational Guidance and Control Systems Aircraft Systems Systems in Automotive Vehicles Basics about Work and Human Cognition Concept of Work Work Process Work System Systems of Work Systems Engineering Potentials and Challenges of Work System Development Conceptual Essentials about Human Cognition Implementation Principles of Human Cognition Framework of Functional and Behavioural Aspects of Cognition Dual-Mode Cognitive Automation in Work Systems Conventional Automation Experience with Conventional Automation Cognitive Automation Cognitive Automation: Mode 1 Cognitive Automation: Mode 2 Conceptual Conclusions Cognitive Teaming in the Work System Forms of Co-operation Team Structuring Team Management Engineering Approach for Artificial Cognitive Units Background Aspects The Cognitive Process of an Artificial Cognitive Unit (ACU) Examples of Realisations of Cognitive Automation in Work Systems Realisations of Supporting Cognitive Units ACC System Support by Co-operating UAVs Operating Cognitive Units (Assistant Systems) Associative Assistance Alerting Assistance Substituting Assistance Summary on Characteristic Styles of Assistants Conclusions for General Design Guidelines OCU Prototypes Prototypes of Cockpit Assistant Systems Prototypes of Driver Assistant Systems Assistant for Driver Tutoring (ADT) Implementation Examples of Crucial Functional Components of Cognitive Automation Knowledge Management General Discussion on Knowledge Representation Management of Explicit Knowledge Management of Implicit Knowledge A-Priori Knowledge Components in ACUs Components with Emphasis on Skill-Based Behaviour Components with Emphasis on Procedure-Based Behaviour Components with Emphasis on Concept-Based Behaviour Operationalisation of Cognitive Automation in Work Systems Cognitive System Architecture (COSA) Design Goals of COSA Architecture Implementation Conclusion and Perspectives Integrity Amendments through Cognitive Automation Metafunction for Online Monitoring and Control of System Performance (Application Example) Identification of Performance Deficits of Work Systems Abbreviations Appendix Supplementary Useful Facts about Human Factors Main Brain Structures Perceptual Processing Motor Processing Language-Based Communication Input/Output Modalities Sensing Modalities Effecting Modalities References Author Index Subject Index Why this book? Simply because it is due. Cognitive automation and its system-ergonomic introduction into work systems have been advanced in the meantime to such a degree that already applications for operational work systems are slowly becoming reality. This book shall contribute to give system designers some more guidelines about designing work systems and associated cognitive machines effectively, in particular those related to guidance and control of manned and unmanned vehicles. The issue is that the findings on cognition have to become sufficient commonsense for all from the various disciplines involved in system design, and that guidelines are given how to make use of it in an appropriate and systematic manner. These guidelines are to account for both the needs of the human operator in the work process and the use ofcomputational potentials to make the work system a really most effective one. In other words, this book is meant to provide guidelines for the organisational and technical design of work systems. Therefore, this book is an interdisciplinary one. Findings in individual disciplines are not the main issue. It is rather the combination of these findings for the sake of the performance of work systems which makes this book a useful one for designers who are interested in this modern approach and its implementation. Why this book? Simply because it is due. Cognitive automation and its system-ergonomic introduction into work systems have been advanced in the meantime to such a degree that already applications for operational work systems are slowly becoming reality. This book shall contribute to give system designers some more guidelines about designing work systems and associated cognitive machines effectively, in particular those related to guidance and control of manned and unmanned vehicles. The issue is that the findings on cognition have to become sufficient commonsense for all from the various disciplines involved in system design, and that guidelines are given how to make use of it in an appropriate and systematic manner. These guidelines are to account for both the needs of the human operator in the work process and the use of computational potentials to make the work system a really most effective one. In other words, this book is meant to provide guidelines for the organisational and technical design of work systems. Therefore, this book is an interdisciplinary one. Findings in individual disciplines are not the main issue. It is rather the combination of these findings for the sake of the performance of work systems which makes this book a useful one for designers who are interested in this modern approach and its implementation