Synthesis of Fused Heterocycles, Volume 47, Part 2 47, part 2

This volume is part of a series which attempts to make the complex and diverse field of heterocyclic chemistry as readily accessible and organized as possible. Each text deals with syntheses, reactions, structure and properties of compounds belonging to a specific ring system or class. SYNTHESIS OF FUSED HETEROCYCLES, PART 2 ......Page 5 Contents......Page 9 Preface......Page 13 1. Introduction......Page 15 2. Acetal or Aldehyde and Amine or Carboxamide......Page 24 3. Acetal and Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen......Page 29 4. Acylamine and Aldehyde or Ketone......Page 34 5. Acylamine or Carbamate and Amine or Hydrazine......Page 37 6. Acylamine and Carboxamide......Page 44 7. Acylamine and a Carboxylic Acid Derivative......Page 47 8. Acylamine or Amine and Ether......Page 51 9. Acylamine, Acylhydrazine, Amine or Isocyanate and Halogen......Page 55 10. Acylamine or Amine and Hydroxy......Page 66 11. Acylamine or Diazonium Salt and Lactam Carbonyl......Page 80 12. Acylamine or Imine and Methylene or Alkene......Page 87 13. Acylamine or Amine and Nitrile......Page 93 14. Acylamine, Amine or Imine and Nitro......Page 105 15. Acylamine or Amine and Nitroso or N-Oxide......Page 110 16. Acylamine, Acyloxy, Amine or Hydroxy and Phosphorane......Page 114 17. Acylamine or Acylhydrazine and Ring-carbon......Page 121 18. Acylamine or Acylhydrazine and Ring-nitrogen......Page 129 19. Acylamine or Amine and Sulphonamide or Thioureide......Page 132 20. Acylamine or Amine and Thiocyanate......Page 135 21. Acyl Halide and Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen......Page 137 22. Aldehyde or Ketone and Alkene or Alkyne......Page 140 23. Aldehyde or Ketone and Azide or Triazene......Page 144 24. Aldehyde or Ketone and Carbamate, Isothiocyanate or Thiourea......Page 146 25. Aldehyde or Ketone and Carboxamide or Sulphonamide......Page 148 26. Aldehyde or Ketone and Carboxylic Acid or Ester......Page 153 27. Aldehyde or Ketone and Ether......Page 160 28. Aldehyde or Ketone and Halogen......Page 163 29. Aldehyde, Ketone or Lactam Carbonyl and Hydroxy......Page 171 30. Aldehyde and Ketone: Dialdehyde or Diketone......Page 181 31. Aldehyde or Ketone and Methylene......Page 193 32. Aldehyde or Ketone and Nitrile......Page 199 33. Aldehyde or Ketone and Nitro, Nitroso or N-Oxide......Page 202 34. Aldehyde or Other Carbonyl and Phosphorane......Page 206 35. Aldehyde or Ketone and Ring-carbon......Page 213 36. Aldehyde, Ketone or Lactam Carbonyl and Ring-nitrogen......Page 226 37. Alkene or Alkyne and Amine, Azide or Nitro......Page 238 38. Alkene or Alkyne and Carboxylic Acid or its Derivative......Page 245 39. Alkene or Alkyne and Halogen......Page 247 40. Alkene or Alkyne and Hydroxy or Ether......Page 252 41. Alkene, Methylene or Ring-carbon and Lactam or Lactone Carbonyl......Page 258 42. Alkene or Alkyne and Methylene, Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen......Page 264 43. Amidine and Amine, Carboxylic Acid or its Derivative......Page 275 44. Amidine and Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen......Page 281 45. Amine and Azide, Azo or Diazo......Page 286 46. Amine or Phosphorane and Carboxamide......Page 289 47. Amine and Carboxylic Acid......Page 294 48. Amine and Carboxylic Ester......Page 300 49. Amine and Enamine or Oxime......Page 311 50. Amine or Diazonium Salt and Hydrazide or Hydrazine......Page 313 51. Amine and Hydrazone or Imine......Page 318 52. Amine and Ketone......Page 323 53. Amine and Ring-carbon......Page 334 54. Amine and Ring-nitrogen......Page 351 55. Azide and Azo or Nitro......Page 369 56. Azide or Isocyanate and a Carboxylic Acid Derivative......Page 372 57. Azide or Azo and Methyl or Methylene......Page 374 58. Azide or Azo and Ring-carbon......Page 377 59. Azide and Ring-nitrogen......Page 384 60. Azo and Carbamate......Page 387 61. Carbamate or Ureide and Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen......Page 389 62. Carbamate or Carboxamide and another Carboxylic Acid Derivative......Page 394 63. Carboxamide or Nitrile and Diazonium Salt......Page 399 64. Carboxamide, Nitrile or Ureide and Hydroxy or Ether......Page 401 65. Carboxamide or Nitrile and Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen......Page 408 66. Carboxylic Acid or its Derivative and Halogen......Page 417 67. Carboxylic Acid or Ester and Hydrazine or Hydroxylamine Derivative......Page 427 68. Carboxylic Acid, Acyl Chloride or Ester and Hydroxy or Ether......Page 430 69. Carboxylic Acid Derivative and Lactam Carbonyl, Cyanate or Isocyanate......Page 435 70. Carboxylic Acid Derivative, Lactam Carbonyl or Isocyanide and Methylene......Page 440 71. Carboxylic Acid Halide or Ester and Nitrile......Page 448 72. Carboxylic Acid, its derivative or Lactam Carbonyl and Nitro or Ureide......Page 450 73. Carboxylic Acid or Ester and Ring-carbon......Page 459 74. Carboxylic Acid or Ester and Ring-nitrogen......Page 466 75. Carboxylic Acid or its Derivative and a Sulphur-containing Group......Page 472 76. 1,2-Diamine......Page 477 77. 1,3-, 1,4- or 1,5-Diamine......Page 496 78. Diazo or Diazonium Salt and Halogen or Methylene......Page 501 79. Diazo or Diazonium Salt and Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen......Page 504 80. Dicarboxylic Acid or its Derivative or Diazide......Page 512 81. Dihalogen......Page 517 82. Dihydroxy......Page 524 83. Dinitrile or Dinitro......Page 531 84. Di-ring-carbon or Di-ring-nitrogen......Page 535 85. Enamine and Ester or Ketone......Page 554 86. Enamine and a Non-carbonyl Group......Page 558 87. Ether and Methylene, Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen......Page 562 88. Halogen and Ether or Hydroxy......Page 567 89. Halogen and Lactam Carbonyl or a Sulphur-containing Group......Page 573 90. Halogen and Methylene or Ring-carbon......Page 576 91. Halogen and Nitro......Page 587 92. Halogen and Ring-nitrogen......Page 590 93. Hydrazide, Hydrazine or Hydrazone and Nitro......Page 598 94. Hydrazine and Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen......Page 601 95. Hydrazone or Oxime and Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen......Page 614 96. Hydroxy or Ether and Hydrazone or Oxime......Page 621 97. Hydroxy and Methylene......Page 626 98. Hydroxy and Nitro or Ring-nitrogen......Page 630 99. Hydroxy and Ring-carbon......Page 634 100. Hydroxy, Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen and Imine or Iminophosphorane......Page 647 101. Isocyanate and Methylene, Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen......Page 657 102. Ketone and Lactam Carbonyl......Page 661 103. Methylene and Nitro or Nitroso......Page 666 104. Methylene and Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen......Page 670 105. Nitro or N-Oxide and Ring-carbon or Ring-nitrogen......Page 682 106. Ring-carbon or Ring-sulphur and Ring-Nitrogen......Page 689 List of Books and Monographs......Page 697 References......Page 699 General Index......Page 753 Index of Ring Systems......Page 765 This book classifies methods of synthesizing a heterocyclic ring which is fused to another ring. Classification is based on the functional group or groups present in the substrate, each chapter being devoted to the reactions of a particular pair of groups. The groups are arranged alphabetically so that they can be found easily. The book enables the reader to locate references (over 2000 are included) to the conversion of a wide variety of functional groups into heterocyclic rings of five to eight atoms. Each cyclization is shown as an equation which contains concise details or reagents, conditions, and yields. Since the classification of each cyclization is based on the functional groups involved, locating the relevant reference is independent of the identity of the ring in the substrate. This simplifies the search for the relevant reference.

Features a compendium of methods, classified according to the functional groups which interact to form the new ring, for the synthesis of a heterocyclic ring (containing 5-8 atoms) which is fused to another ring. The reagent, solvent, catalysts, promoter and percentage yield for one or more derivations is shown for each type of cyclization. The information is concisely presented in over 2000 equations. Official names for ring systems are given to facilitate searching and more than 2000 new references cited.