Sustainable Utilization of Carbon Dioxide : From Waste to Product

This book covers the latest technology and experimental scientific advancements in converting carbon dioxide (CO2) from waste to useful commercial products. This approach helps to mitigate climate change due to carbon emission greenhouse effect and also create a circular economy through CO2 waste capture and utilization to produce CO2 derived products. This provides new direction for government organizations, manufacturing industries (fuel, chemicals, building materials) and investment firms to work towards a zero carbon future. This book caters to researchers, policymakers, industrial practitioners who are interested in more sustainable practices in carbon dioxide technology. Contents About the Editors Organocatalytic Reductive Functionalization of Carbon Dioxide 1 Introduction 2 Summary and Outlook References CO2 Conversion via Catalytic Hydrogenation to Methanol, DME and Syngas 1 Introduction 2 Catalytic CO2 Conversion to Methanol 3 CO2 Hydrogenation to Dimethyl Ether (DME) 3.1 Methanol Dehydration to DME 3.2 Direct DME Synthesis from CO2 4 CO2 Hydrogenation to Syngas 5 Summary and Outcomes References Similar Life Cycle Evaluation of Microalgae Development for Non-energy Purposes Utilizing Diverse Carbon Dioxide Sources 1 Introduction 2 Steps of Life Cycle Analysis 2.1 Goal and Scope 2.2 Life Cycle Inventory 2.3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) 2.4 Life Cycle Assessment 2.5 Life Cycle Energy Analysis (LCEA) 2.6 Material and Methods 2.7 Overview of the Production System 2.8 Energy Required 2.9 Transportation 3 Discussion 3.1 Sensitivity Analysis 4 Conclusion References Microalgae Biotechnology and Chemical Absorption as Merged Techniques to Decrease Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Technologies for CO2 Emissions Reductions 2.1 Adsorption 2.2 Membrane Separation 2.3 Absorption 2.4 Biological CO2 Fixation by Microalgae 3 Merging of Chemical and Biological CO2 Fixation 4 Enrichment and Applications of the Microalgae Biomass Obtained in CO2 Fixation 5 Final Considerations and Perspectives References Hydrogen Creation and Carbon Sequestration by Fracking Carbon Dioxide 1 Introduction 2 Carbon Capture and Sequestration 2.1 Concept of CO2 Capture and Sequestration 2.2 CCS Techniques 2.3 Capture from Major Sources 2.4 Modern Technologies of CCS to Increase the CO2 Capture 2.5 Challenge of CCS Technology 3 Hydrogen Creation 3.1 Overview and Current Status of SE-SMR 4 Final Remarks and Conclusions References Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Biogas Upgradation Via Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenesis: Theory, Applications, and Opportunities 1 Introduction 2 Anaerobic Digestion and Merits 3 Biogas Upgradation 4 Biological Methods 5 Nature and Physiology of Hydrogenotrophs 6 Mechanism of CO2 Utilization 7 Other Electron Sources for Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenesis 8 Bioconversion of CO2 to Biomethane Using Hydrogenotrophs 9 Upgradation Using Hydrogen Gas 10 In-Situ Upgradation 11 Critical Barriers in In-Situ Upgradation and Likely Solutions 12 Ex-Situ Upgradation 13 Hybrid H2-Based Biogas Upgrading 14 Case Studies 15 Limitations and Future Possibilities 16 Conclusions References Carbon Dioxide Capture and Bioenergy Production by Utilizing the Biological System 1 Introduction 2 Biological Sequestration of CO2 2.1 Conversion of CO2 into Bicarbonate via Hydration Reaction with Carbonic Anhydrase 2.2 Packed Bed (PB) and Rotating Packed Bed (RPB) 2.3 Membrane Contractor (MC) 2.4 Hydrogenation of CO2 into Formate 2.5 Formation of CH4 from CO2 2.6 Enzyme Cascade-Mediated Production of Methane from CO2 2.7 Role of RuBisCo Enzyme 3 Production of Bioenergy via the Biological Conversion of CO2 3.1 Biodiesel 3.2 Ethanol (C2H5OH) 3.3 Supplementary Biofuels 4 Alternative Techniques to Sequester the CO2 4.1 Absorption 4.2 Adsorption 4.3 Cryogenic Method 4.4 Membrane Technology 5 Difficulties in Capturing the CO2 and Transforming It into Energy 5.1 Difficulties Faced While Capturing the CO2 5.2 Difficulties in Converting the CO2 into Bioenergy 6 Process Design for Improving the Transformation of CO2 into Bioenergy 6.1 Developing a System by Integrating the CO2 Sequestration and Producing Bioenergy 7 Conclusion References A Review on Water–Gas Shift Reactions Energy Production by Carbon Dioxide Capture 1 Introduction 2 Methodology of Water–Gas Shift Reaction (WGSR) 3 Thermodynamics of Water–Gas Shift Reaction (WGSR) 4 Kinetics of Water–Gas Shift Reaction (WGSR) 4.1 High-Temperature Shift Reaction (HTSR) Catalyst 4.2 Low-Temperature Shift Reaction (LTSR) Catalyst 5 Conclusion and Challenges References