Sustainable Urban Agriculture in Cuba (Contemporary Cuba)

“Pushed by necessity but enabled by its existing social and educational policies, Cuba in the 1990s launched the most extensive program of urban sustainable agriculture in the world. This study is to date the only book-length investigation in either English or Spanish of this important national experiment in transforming the environmental, economic, and social nature of today’s dominant system of producing food.”—Al Campbell, University of Utah As large-scale industrial agriculture comes under increasing scrutiny because of its petroleum- and petrochemical-based input costs and environmentally objectionable consequences, increasing attention has been focused on sustainable, local, and agro-ecological techniques in food production. Cuba was forced by historical circumstances to be one of the pioneers in the massive application of these techniques. After the demise of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, Cuba was left without access to external support needed to carry on with industrial agriculture. The economic crisis led the country to reconsider their former models of resource management. Cuba retooled its agricultural programs to focus on urban agriculture—sustainable, ecologically sound farming close to densely populated areas. Food now takes far less time to get to the people, who are now better nourished because they have easier access to whole foods. Moreover, urban farming has become a source of national pride—Cuba has one of the best urban agriculture programs in the world, with a thousand-fold increase in urban agricultural output since 1994. Sinan Koont has spent the last several years researching urban agriculture in Cuba, including field work at many sustainable farms on the island. He tells the story of why and how Cuba was able to turn to urban food production on a large scale with minimal use of chemicals, petroleum, and machinery, and of the successes it achieved—along with the continuing difficulties it still faces in reducing its need for food imports. Sinan Koont is associate professor of economics at Dickinson College. A volume in the series Contemporary Cuba, e dited by John M. Kirk “Pushed by necessity but enabled by its existing social and educational policies, Cuba in the 1990s launched the most extensive program of urban sustainable agriculture in the world. This study is to date the only book-length investigation in either English or Spanish of this important national experiment in transforming the environmental, economic, and social nature of today’s dominant system of producing food.”—Al Campbell, University of Utah As large-scale industrial agriculture comes under increasing scrutiny because of its petroleum- and petrochemical-based input costs and environmentally objectionable consequences, increasing attention has been focused on sustainable, local, and agro-ecological techniques in food production. Cuba was forced by historical circumstances to be one of the pioneers in the massive application of these techniques.After the demise of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, Cuba was left without access to external support needed to carry on with industrial agriculture. The economic crisis led the country to reconsider their former models of resource management. Cuba retooled its agricultural programs to focus on urban agriculture—sustainable, ecologically sound farming close to densely populated areas. Food now takes far less time to get to the people, who are now better nourished because they have easier access to whole foods. Moreover, urban farming has become a source of national pride—Cuba has one of the best urban agriculture programs in the world, with a thousand-fold increase in urban agricultural output since 1994.Sinan Koont has spent the last several years researching urban agriculture in Cuba, including field work at many sustainable farms on the island. He tells the story of why and how Cuba was able to turn to urban food production on a large scale with minimal use of chemicals, petroleum, and machinery, and of the successes it achieved—along with the continuing difficulties it still faces in reducing its need for food imports.**Sinan Koont** is associate professor of economics at Dickinson College. __A volume in the series Contemporary Cuba,__ __e____dited by John M. Kirk__ Sinan Koont Has Spent The Last Several Years Researching Urban Agriculture In Cuba, Including Field Work At Many Sustainable Farms On The Island. He Tells The Story Of Why And How Cuba Was Able To Turn To Urban Food Production On A Large Scale With Minimal Use Of Chemicals, Petroleum, And Machinery, And Of The Successes It Achieved--along With The Continuing Difficulties It Still Faces In Reducing Its Need For Food Imports-- Cuban Agriculture: Historical Background And Key Concepts -- The Nature And Organization Of Cuban Urban Agriculture -- Foundations In Education, Research, And Development -- Restructuring Worker Training, Preparatory Education, And Material Inputs For Urban Agriculture -- Creating Material And Moral Incentives To Motivate Workers -- Technological Innovation In Urban Agriculture: Examples From Protected And Semiprotected Cultivation -- Case Studies Of Urban Agriculture -- Evaluating The Success Of Cuban Urban Agriculture -- Looking To The Future Of Urban And Sustainable Agriculture: Cuba And Worldwide. Sinan Koont. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [197]-214) And Index. Table of Contents v 6 List of Figures vii 8 List of Tables ix 10 Acknowledgments xi 12 List of Abbreviations xiii 14 Introduction 1 18 1 Cuban Agriculture 12 29 2 The Nature and Organization of Cuban Urban Agriculture 29 46 3 Foundations in Education, Research, and Development 54 71 4 Restructuring Worker Training, Preparatory Education, and Material Inputs for Urban Agriculture 75 92 5 Creating Material and Moral Incentives to Motivate Workers 98 115 6 Technological Innovation in Urban Agriculture 114 131 7 Case Studies of Urban Agriculture 130 147 8 Evaluating the Success of Cuban Urban Agriculture 164 181 9 Looking to the Future of Urban and Sustainable Agriculture 178 195 Notes 193 210 Bibliography 197 214 Index 225 242 Sinan Koont has spent the last several years researching urban agriculture in Cuba, including field work at many sustainable farms on the island. He tells the story of why and how Cuba was able to turn to urban food production on a large scale with minimal use of chemicals, petroleum, and machinery, and of the successes it achieved--along with the continuing difficulties it still faces in reducing its need for food imports-- Source other than Libray of Congress